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Combining Single Molecule And Bulk Phase Approaches To Investigate Damage Detection By Nucleotide Excision Repair Proteins
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Book Synopsis Combining Single Molecule and Bulk Phase Approaches to Investigate Damage Detection by Nucleotide Excision Repair Proteins by : Jamie Barnett
Download or read book Combining Single Molecule and Bulk Phase Approaches to Investigate Damage Detection by Nucleotide Excision Repair Proteins written by Jamie Barnett and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Base Excision Repair Pathway by : Kishor K. Bhakat
Download or read book Base Excision Repair Pathway written by Kishor K. Bhakat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-14 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume provides a comprehensive set of experimental protocols and useful strategies to examine the repair of damaged bases via the Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway in vitro and in cells. Beginning with multiple molecular and cellular techniques to examine the excision of damaged bases from double-stranded DNA or DNA wrapped in a nucleosome, the book continues with sections covering procedures to detect and quantify the damaged bases, protein DNA crosslinks, and double-strand breaks, experimental procedures to identify DNA repair protein interactome by conventional tandem affinity purification followed by mass spectroscopy analysis, as well as the analysis of genome-wide binding of DNA repair proteins and copy number variations of the DNA damage response gene in tumors. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Base Excision Repair Pathway: Methods and Protocols serves as a valuable resource for novices and experts trying to examine the repair of various types of DNA lesions in vitro and in cell by the distinct set of proteins in the BER pathway.
Book Synopsis Assessment of nucleotide excision repair protein binding forces by atomic force microscopy and optical trapping by : Kevin Mader
Download or read book Assessment of nucleotide excision repair protein binding forces by atomic force microscopy and optical trapping written by Kevin Mader and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-06-08 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Study from the year 2007 in the subject Biology - Genetics / Gene Technology, grade: A, Boston University, course: Biophyics, language: English, abstract: DNA is under constant repair from the damage being done from sources such as UV radiation, mutagenic chemicals, and errors made by the cell's DNA replication mechanisms. The ability for a cell to identify and repair the damaged DNA is crucial for the cell to be able to successfully function and replicate. On a systemic scale the repair is essential for maintaining long term genomic stability. When these pathways fail the usual response is for the cell to die but in some instances the damage is done in a region that causes the cell to become carcinogenic. The DNA repair enzymes are responsible for finding and correcting these mistakes. There are many different types of damage that can be done to DNA ranging from dimerization to depurination. Each of these types of damage requires a slightly different repair mechanism. The specific type of damage that is being investigated in this proposal is pyridine dimerization which usually occurs as the result of exposure to UV radiation. The repair pathway being nucleotide excision repair which involves either the replacement or removal of a region surrounding the damaged DNA. Problems in this pathway are important in pathological conditions such as xeroderma pigmentosum which causes the skin to be over sensitive to sun exposure and a high incidence of cancer. Also genetic engineering utilizes deletion and insertion of DNA bases into various different cells. Understanding the pathways utilized to identify the structural changes that signify damage could be utilized to construct more sensitive repair proteins. Understanding the mechanisms of repair proteins to replace the damaged DNA with the correct segment could be utilized to develop faster more efficient ways for modifying bacteria and cells in beneficial ways. Finally understanding the mechanisms of DNA damage and repair are useful from an evolutionary standpoint. For cells and organisms to be capable of genetic adaptations to environmental forces and consequently long term survival the repair mechanisms need to work well enough to keep the genome stable, but make mistakes often enough to allow for enough diversity for survival. The balance struck between these two goals is highly variant between species. A deeper understanding of the recognition and repair of damaged DNA could provide insights into the driving factors behind the evolutionary process
Book Synopsis Real Time Single Molecule Investigation of the Dynamics of Nucleotide Excision Repair Proteins on DNA Tightropes by : Craig David Hughes
Download or read book Real Time Single Molecule Investigation of the Dynamics of Nucleotide Excision Repair Proteins on DNA Tightropes written by Craig David Hughes and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis DNA Repair Protocols by : Pat Vaughan
Download or read book DNA Repair Protocols written by Pat Vaughan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When setting out to decide on the content of DNA Repair Protocols: Prokaryotic Systems, I was conscious of the need to portray the vast array of pathways and enzymatic activities that are part of the discipline of DNA repair. In addition to the classical DNA repair activities, I wanted to convey the significant interest that has been generated in recent years in the use of the proteins and repair systems as research tools, much like the use of restriction enzymes over the last few decades. Therefore, in addition to chapters deta- ing protocols for investigating specific repair activities, I have included s- eral chapters in this book on the applied use of DNA repair proteins and systems. The many years of research on bacterial DNA repair systems have allowed us to really understand the majority of DNA repair pathways in bac- rial cells. Building on this knowledge, research has lead to major advances in understanding mammalian DNA repair and uncovered its links to human d- ease, such as DNA mismatch repair and colon cancer, nucleotide excision repair and xeroderma pigmentosum, DNA helicase function in Bloom’s s- drome, and so on. Such have been the advances that Science magazine iden- fied the collective DNA repair systems as its “Molecule of the Year” in 1994.
Book Synopsis Development of Single Molecule Optical Techniques for the Study of Recognition and Repair of DNA Damage by : Samantha R. Fore
Download or read book Development of Single Molecule Optical Techniques for the Study of Recognition and Repair of DNA Damage written by Samantha R. Fore and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis DNA Repair: Methods and Protocols by : Lata Balakrishnan
Download or read book DNA Repair: Methods and Protocols written by Lata Balakrishnan and published by Methods in Molecular Biology. This book was released on 2020-06-08 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular Insights Into Damage Sensing by the DNA Repair Enzyme MutY by : Chandrima Majumdar
Download or read book Molecular Insights Into Damage Sensing by the DNA Repair Enzyme MutY written by Chandrima Majumdar and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reactivity of DNA nucleobases towards oxidants and alkylators lends itself to the probability of introducing errors and mutations into the genetic code. Damaged DNA bases are removed from the genome by an arsenal of DNA glycosylases that initiate the base excision repair (BER) process. The mechanism by which glycosylases locate their target damaged base is one of the key questions in the field since it is estimated that a single glycosylase must interrogate between 10,000 - 100,000 normal bases before it finds its target. MutY is an unusual DNA glycosylase that excises undamaged but miscoding adenine bases that are misincorporated opposite 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG), arising from the oxidation of guanine. The indispensable role of MutY in maintaining genomic integrity is evidenced by its conservation across all domains of life. In humans, inheritance of functionally deficient variants of MUTYH are associated with a colorectal cancer predisposition syndrome, known as MUTYH associated polyposis or MAP, that is characterized by an accumulation of G:C to T:A mutations in the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Indeed, among the ca. 300 variants of MUTYH that have been reported in humans, many are associated with cancers and diseases. In this work, I present a structure activity relationship (SAR) study using substrate analogs to probe the structural requirements from the adenine and OG bases required for recognition and repair. I correlate the in vitro parameters of binding affinity and base excision to the experimental and calculated gas phase acidities of the analogs to evaluate their impact on the enzymatic reaction. These data have shown that within the active site, the enzyme modulates the intrinsic lability of the bases through specific interactions to effect cleavage. A cell-based repair assay revealed that deficiencies in recognition rather than catalysis affect the ability of cellular MutY to repair the modified lesions. The SAR also highlight the possible modifications to the bases that are tolerated by the enzyme and may guide the development of MutY specific probes or inhibitors. Uncovering the process by which OG recognition occurs also involves the identification of the amino acids in MutY that are responsible for the lesion recognition. Using a combination of in vitro and bacterial cell repair assays with single molecule fluorescence microscopy I studied amino acid variants of a conserved C-terminal domain histidine residue to probe a possible recognition role. These studies showed that recognition-deficient variants are incapable of successful repair and are the first to directly link deficiencies in MutY lesion detection with incomplete cellular repair. Overall, these data suggest that defects in lesion detection of human MutY variants affect overall repair and may prove predictive of early onset MAP. Additionally, characterization of "damage-sensor" residues can lead to the identification of an allosteric site that may be targeted for MutY specific inhibition. Lastly, MutY and its homologs are associated with iron sulfur (Fe-S) clusters that are essential for catalytic activity. Fe-S clusters are fascinating cofactors implicated in the DNA damage location process of glycosylases. Since Fe-S clusters are known to be oxygen sensitive, the presence of ambient oxygen in typical recombinant protein purification strategies leads to less than optimal yields of cluster carrying protein. Therefore, I also discuss the design and development of a novel oxygen-free purification scheme to isolate high yields of Fe-S cluster loaded MutY to enable the complete characterization of their role in DNA damage location. Taken together, the work presented in this dissertation provides new insights into the nuances of lesion recognition and adenine excision by the MutY glycosylase. The results show that damage location and excision is exquisitely specific to the chemical structure of OG:A and occurs through a multi-step process that is tightly regulated. These insights not just further our present understanding of the enzyme, but also open new avenues for exploring the repair and recognition process by MutY/Mutyh.
Book Synopsis Single Molecule Investigations Into DNA Replication, Recombination and Repair by :
Download or read book Single Molecule Investigations Into DNA Replication, Recombination and Repair written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Single-molecule Techniques by : Paul R. Selvin
Download or read book Single-molecule Techniques written by Paul R. Selvin and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geared towards research scientists in structural and molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics, this manual will be useful to all who are interested in observing, manipulating and elucidating the molecular mechanisms and discrete properties of macromolecules.
Author :Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309133343 Total Pages :422 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation by : Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation
Download or read book Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation written by Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-03-23 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the seventh in a series of titles from the National Research Council that addresses the effects of exposure to low dose LET (Linear Energy Transfer) ionizing radiation and human health. Updating information previously presented in the 1990 publication, Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V, this book draws upon new data in both epidemiologic and experimental research. Ionizing radiation arises from both natural and man-made sources and at very high doses can produce damaging effects in human tissue that can be evident within days after exposure. However, it is the low-dose exposures that are the focus of this book. So-called “late” effects, such as cancer, are produced many years after the initial exposure. This book is among the first of its kind to include detailed risk estimates for cancer incidence in addition to cancer mortality. BEIR VII offers a full review of the available biological, biophysical, and epidemiological literature since the last BEIR report on the subject and develops the most up-to-date and comprehensive risk estimates for cancer and other health effects from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation.
Book Synopsis Molecular Epidemiology by : Paul A. Schulte
Download or read book Molecular Epidemiology written by Paul A. Schulte and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will serve as a primer for both laboratory and field scientists who are shaping the emerging field of molecular epidemiology. Molecular epidemiology utilizes the same paradigm as traditional epidemiology but uses biological markers to identify exposure, disease or susceptibility. Schulte and Perera present the epidemiologic methods pertinent to biological markers. The book is also designed to enumerate the considerations necessary for valid field research and provide a resource on the salient and subtle features of biological indicators.
Book Synopsis Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology by : James Norman Davidson
Download or read book Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology written by James Norman Davidson and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Oxygenases by : Christopher J Schofield
Download or read book 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Oxygenases written by Christopher J Schofield and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-05-06 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of the first examples of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase-catalysed reactions in the 1960s, a remarkably broad diversity of alternate reactions and substrates has been revealed, and extensive advances have been achieved in our understanding of the structures and catalytic mechanisms. These enzymes are important agrochemical targets and are being pursued as therapeutic targets for a wide range of diseases including cancer and anemia. This book provides a central source of information that summarizes the key features of the essential group of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases and related enzymes. Given the numerous recent advances and biomedical interest in the field, this book aims to unite the latest research for those already working in the field as well as to provide an introduction for those newly approaching the topic, and for those interested in translating the basic science into medicinal and agricultural benefits. The book begins with four broad chapters that highlight critical aspects, including an overview of possible catalytic reactions, structures and mechanisms. The following seventeen chapters focus on carefully selected topics, each written by leading experts in the area. Readers will find explanations of rapidly evolving research, from the chemistry of isopenicillin N synthase to the oxidation mechanism of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by ten-eleven-translocase oxygenases.
Author :United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :728 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Book Synopsis DNA Damage Recognition by : Wolfram Siede
Download or read book DNA Damage Recognition written by Wolfram Siede and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-09-19 with total page 871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stands as the most comprehensive guide to the subject-covering every essential topic related to DNA damage identification and repair. Covering a wide array of topics from bacteria to human cells, this book summarizes recent developments in DNA damage repair and recognition while providing timely reviews on the molecular mechanisms employe
