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Combining Boston Mechanism With Deferred Acceptance Algorithm
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Book Synopsis Combining Boston Mechanism with Deferred Acceptance Algorithm by : Shintaro Yamanaka
Download or read book Combining Boston Mechanism with Deferred Acceptance Algorithm written by Shintaro Yamanaka and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the matching mechanism in a two-stage game that mixes two well-known matching mechanisms, Boston Mechanism(BM) and the Deferred Acceptance algorithm(DA). First, we show that if all organizations have the same preferences for agents they accept, the subgame perfect equilibrium outcome of the two-stage game is agent-optimal stable matching. We then show that at least one of the subgame perfect equilibria of the two-stage game is an agent-optimal stable matching if the condition of Ergin acyclicity is satisfied. Under a stronger version of Ergin acyclicity, we also show that DA outcome becomes weakly preferable for all agents to the two-stage game outcome.
Book Synopsis Incentives and Market-based Institutions by : Clayton Ray Featherstone
Download or read book Incentives and Market-based Institutions written by Clayton Ray Featherstone and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2010 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, we will study three market-based institutions and the incentives that govern them. The first institution is that of centralized school choice, which has become increasingly important over the past decade. Students submit ordinal rankings over schools and a central mechanism uses those rankings to assign students. We study an important mechanism that is seen in the field, the Boston mechanism, and another mechanism with nice theoretical properties, the Deferred acceptance mechanism (DA), that has been adopted in several large school districts. One of the biggest reasons that DA is theoretically nice is that it makes truthful preference revelation a dominant strategy for the students. In a lab experiment, we show that students fail to truthfully reveal their rankings over schools when it is profitable to do so (under Boston), but tell the truth when it is not (under DA). In this sense, the experiment confirms the intuition that designers of school choice mechanisms should be worried about strategic manipulation of preference reports. We also, however, look at a different preference environment where truth-telling is a Bayes- Nash equilibrium under Boston and a dominant strategy equilibrium under DA. What's more, under this environment, given truthful revelation, Boston yields outcomes that stochastically dominant those of DA from the interim perspective that considers others' preferences unknown. In this environment, we see truth-telling rates that are not significantly different, which means that we might be able to implement better outcomes if we look to mechanisms that implement truth-telling as a Bayes-Nash equilibrium, instead of as a dominant strategy. Next, we look at two-sided labor matches, such as the one used by the National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) to match newly-minted doctors to residency programs. Again, we see two major types of mechanisms -- priority mechanisms that try to implement potential matches in a particular order, and Deferred Acceptance mechanisms, which rely on the Gale-Shapley algorithm. Relative to truthful preference revelation, DA is ex post stable, while priority mechanisms are not. Ex post stability intuitively prevents unraveling. In equilibrium, though, we do not expect truthful preference revelation, and in fact, this leads to instability in the equilibria of both mechanisms. Still, in the field, we see that priority mechanisms tend to unravel, while DA mechanisms do not. This is a puzzle which can be resolved if agents truthfully reveal under DA, in spite of the fact that they could profit by deviating. In the lab, we show that this is exactly what we see, which provides a complementary explanation for the success of DA to the core-convergence-based explanations. Finally, we look at long-distance trade without enforcement. When we think of pre-modern trade, a major problem was the worry that agents carrying goods might abscond with those goods instead of carrying them to their intended destinations. Explanations in the literature have tended to rely on models of reputation. These models, in turn, rely on the theory of infinitely repeated games. This is usually justified via the thought that traders formed some sort of tightly knit community or had some sort of dynastic continuation. We look at the question of finite trade. Although the conventional wisdom is that finite trade would unravel from the last period, we show a mechanism by which this does not happen. Beyond merely making a technical point, we think this model of finite trade provides a good model with which to think about impersonal trade.
Book Synopsis Two-Sided Matching by : Alvin E. Roth
Download or read book Two-Sided Matching written by Alvin E. Roth and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-06-26 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two-sided matching provides a model of search processes such as those between firms and workers in labor markets or between buyers and sellers in auctions. This book gives a comprehensive account of recent results concerning the game-theoretic analysis of two-sided matching. The focus of the book is on the stability of outcomes, on the incentives that different rules of organization give to agents, and on the constraints that these incentives impose on the ways such markets can be organized. The results for this wide range of related models and matching situations help clarify which conclusions depend on particular modeling assumptions and market conditions, and which are robust over a wide range of conditions. 'This book chronicles one of the outstanding success stories of the theory of games, a story in which the authors have played a major role: the theory and practice of matching markets ... The authors are to be warmly congratulated for this fine piece of work, which is quite unique in the game-theoretic literature.' From the Foreword by Robert Aumann
Book Synopsis Who Gets What--and why by : Alvin E. Roth
Download or read book Who Gets What--and why written by Alvin E. Roth and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 2015 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Nobel laureate reveals the often surprising rules that govern a vast array of activities -- both mundane and life-changing -- in which money may play little or no role. If you've ever sought a job or hired someone, applied to college or guided your child into a good kindergarten, asked someone out on a date or been asked out, you've participated in a kind of market. Most of the study of economics deals with commodity markets, where the price of a good connects sellers and buyers. But what about other kinds of "goods," like a spot in the Yale freshman class or a position at Google? This is the territory of matching markets, where "sellers" and "buyers" must choose each other, and price isn't the only factor determining who gets what. Alvin E. Roth is one of the world's leading experts on matching markets. He has even designed several of them, including the exchange that places medical students in residencies and the system that increases the number of kidney transplants by better matching donors to patients. In Who Gets What -- And Why, Roth reveals the matching markets hidden around us and shows how to recognize a good match and make smarter, more confident decisions.
Book Synopsis OECD Reviews of School Resources Responsive School Systems Connecting Facilities, Sectors and Programmes for Student Success by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Reviews of School Resources Responsive School Systems Connecting Facilities, Sectors and Programmes for Student Success written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-10-22 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report on Responsive School Systems is the second in a series of thematic comparative reports bringing together findings from the OECD’s School Resources Review. Evolving educational objectives, changing student needs and demographic developments require school systems.
Book Synopsis A History of Economic Thought, 10th Edition by : Lokanathan V.
Download or read book A History of Economic Thought, 10th Edition written by Lokanathan V. and published by S. Chand Publishing. This book was released on with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive coverage of the origin and development of economic thought from the ancient times to the present day. It documents the contributions of major thinkers from the time of Hebrews to Maurice Dobb, and the perspectives that influenced the economic thought. The book also provides an account of the recent trends in Indian economic thought and will be of interest and relevance to all students and scholars of the subject. It covers the syllabus of economic thought of major Indian universities.
Book Synopsis Crossing the Finish Line by : William G. Bowen
Download or read book Crossing the Finish Line written by William G. Bowen and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-08 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why so many of America's public university students are not graduating—and what to do about it The United States has long been a model for accessible, affordable education, as exemplified by the country's public universities. And yet less than 60 percent of the students entering American universities today are graduating. Why is this happening, and what can be done? Crossing the Finish Line provides the most detailed exploration ever of college completion at America's public universities. This groundbreaking book sheds light on such serious issues as dropout rates linked to race, gender, and socioeconomic status. Probing graduation rates at twenty-one flagship public universities and four statewide systems of public higher education, the authors focus on the progress of students in the entering class of 1999—from entry to graduation, transfer, or withdrawal. They examine the effects of parental education, family income, race and gender, high school grades, test scores, financial aid, and characteristics of universities attended (especially their selectivity). The conclusions are compelling: minority students and students from poor families have markedly lower graduation rates—and take longer to earn degrees—even when other variables are taken into account. Noting the strong performance of transfer students and the effects of financial constraints on student retention, the authors call for improved transfer and financial aid policies, and suggest ways of improving the sorting processes that match students to institutions. An outstanding combination of evidence and analysis, Crossing the Finish Line should be read by everyone who cares about the nation's higher education system.
Book Synopsis Putting Auction Theory to Work by : Paul Milgrom
Download or read book Putting Auction Theory to Work written by Paul Milgrom and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-01-12 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to modern auction theory and its important new applications. It is written by a leading economic theorist whose suggestions guided the creation of the new spectrum auction designs. Aimed at graduate students and professionals in economics, the book gives the most up-to-date treatments of both traditional theories of 'optimal auctions' and newer theories of multi-unit auctions and package auctions, and shows by example how these theories are used. The analysis explores the limitations of prominent older designs, such as the Vickrey auction design, and evaluates the practical responses to those limitations. It explores the tension between the traditional theory of auctions with a fixed set of bidders, in which the seller seeks to squeeze as much revenue as possible from the fixed set, and the theory of auctions with endogenous entry, in which bidder profits must be respected to encourage participation.
Book Synopsis Data-Intensive Text Processing with MapReduce by : Jimmy Lin
Download or read book Data-Intensive Text Processing with MapReduce written by Jimmy Lin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our world is being revolutionized by data-driven methods: access to large amounts of data has generated new insights and opened exciting new opportunities in commerce, science, and computing applications. Processing the enormous quantities of data necessary for these advances requires large clusters, making distributed computing paradigms more crucial than ever. MapReduce is a programming model for expressing distributed computations on massive datasets and an execution framework for large-scale data processing on clusters of commodity servers. The programming model provides an easy-to-understand abstraction for designing scalable algorithms, while the execution framework transparently handles many system-level details, ranging from scheduling to synchronization to fault tolerance. This book focuses on MapReduce algorithm design, with an emphasis on text processing algorithms common in natural language processing, information retrieval, and machine learning. We introduce the notion of MapReduce design patterns, which represent general reusable solutions to commonly occurring problems across a variety of problem domains. This book not only intends to help the reader "think in MapReduce", but also discusses limitations of the programming model as well. Table of Contents: Introduction / MapReduce Basics / MapReduce Algorithm Design / Inverted Indexing for Text Retrieval / Graph Algorithms / EM Algorithms for Text Processing / Closing Remarks
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by : King K. Holmes
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Book Synopsis Algorithms and Data Structures for External Memory by : Jeffrey Scott Vitter
Download or read book Algorithms and Data Structures for External Memory written by Jeffrey Scott Vitter and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2008 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes several useful paradigms for the design and implementation of efficient external memory (EM) algorithms and data structures. The problem domains considered include sorting, permuting, FFT, scientific computing, computational geometry, graphs, databases, geographic information systems, and text and string processing.
Book Synopsis Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States by : National Research Council
Download or read book Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-07-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.
Book Synopsis Algorithmics of Matching Under Preferences by : David F. Manlove
Download or read book Algorithmics of Matching Under Preferences written by David F. Manlove and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matching problems with preferences are all around us OCo they arise when agents seek to be allocated to one another on the basis of ranked preferences over potential outcomes. Efficient algorithms are needed for producing matchings that optimise the satisfaction of the agents according to their preference lists.In recent years there has been a sharp increase in the study of algorithmic aspects of matching problems with preferences, partly reflecting the growing number of applications of these problems worldwide. This book describes the most important results in this area, providing a timely update to The Stable Marriage Problem: Structure and Algorithms (D Gusfield and R W Irving, MIT Press, 1989) in connection with stable matching problems, whilst also broadening the scope to include matching problems with preferences under a range of alternative optimality criteria."
Book Synopsis Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics by : Bishnu Pal
Download or read book Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics written by Bishnu Pal and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2010-02-01 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the editor, I feel extremely happy to present to the readers such a rich collection of chapters authored/co-authored by a large number of experts from around the world covering the broad field of guided wave optics and optoelectronics. Most of the chapters are state-of-the-art on respective topics or areas that are emerging. Several authors narrated technological challenges in a lucid manner, which was possible because of individual expertise of the authors in their own subject specialties. I have no doubt that this book will be useful to graduate students, teachers, researchers, and practicing engineers and technologists and that they would love to have it on their book shelves for ready reference at any time.
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Stochastic Modeling by : Howard M. Taylor
Download or read book An Introduction to Stochastic Modeling written by Howard M. Taylor and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Stochastic Modeling provides information pertinent to the standard concepts and methods of stochastic modeling. This book presents the rich diversity of applications of stochastic processes in the sciences. Organized into nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of diverse types of stochastic models, which predicts a set of possible outcomes weighed by their likelihoods or probabilities. This text then provides exercises in the applications of simple stochastic analysis to appropriate problems. Other chapters consider the study of general functions of independent, identically distributed, nonnegative random variables representing the successive intervals between renewals. This book discusses as well the numerous examples of Markov branching processes that arise naturally in various scientific disciplines. The final chapter deals with queueing models, which aid the design process by predicting system performance. This book is a valuable resource for students of engineering and management science. Engineers will also find this book useful.
Book Synopsis Cooperative Microeconomics by : Hervé Moulin
Download or read book Cooperative Microeconomics written by Hervé Moulin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past fifty years game theory has had a major impact on the field of economics. It was for work in game theory that the 1994 Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded. Although non-cooperative game theory is better known, the theory of cooperative games has contributed a number of fundamental ideas to microeconomic analysis. Cooperative Microeconomics is the definitive textbook on these contributions. Designed to be used by undergraduate and graduate students, the book provides a thorough introduction and overview of its subject. Hervé Moulin distinguishes among three primary modes of cooperation: cooperation by direct agreements; cooperation by just, equitable compromise; and cooperation by decentralized behavior. This tri-modal methodology is applied successively to the exchange of private goods, the fair division of unproduced commodities, the cooperative production of private and public goods, and cost-sharing. Moulin proposes an elementary and self-contained exposition (supplemented by over 125 exercises) of the main cooperative concepts for microeconomic analysis, including core stability, deterministic solutions (such as the Shapley value), and several broad principles of equity (such as the No Envy and Stand Alone tests). The book also covers the most important failures of the decentralized behavior: the tragedy of the commons and the free rider problem in the provision of public goods. Cooperative Microeconomics is the first book of its kind, and it will be widely used in courses in microeconomics and game theory. Originally published in 1995. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Book Synopsis Mining of Massive Datasets by : Jure Leskovec
Download or read book Mining of Massive Datasets written by Jure Leskovec and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-11-13 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its second edition, this book focuses on practical algorithms for mining data from even the largest datasets.
