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Coherent Raman Scattering Measurements Of Vibrational Frequency Shifts In Shock Compressed Organic Liquids
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Book Synopsis Coherent Raman Scattering Measurements of Vibrational Frequency Shifts in Shock-compressed Organic Liquids by :
Download or read book Coherent Raman Scattering Measurements of Vibrational Frequency Shifts in Shock-compressed Organic Liquids written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The techniques of backward stimulated Raman scattering (BSRS) and reflected broad-band coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (RBBCARS) have been used to measure vibrational frequency shifts in shock-compressed liquid benzene and mixtures of liquid benzene and liquid deuterated benzene. BSRS was used only for measurements in neat liquid benzene as it only allows observation of the highest gain vibrational transition. RBBCARS was used to simultaneously measure multiple vibrational modes of multiple species. Accompanying static high pressure Raman experiments in a heated diamond anvil cell were used to establish the phase of the shocked samples. These experiments demonstrate the capabilities of fast nonlinear optical techniques in the study of material structure and chemical reaction induced by shock-compression.
Book Synopsis Fast, Non-linear Optical-scattering Spectroscopy in Shock-compressed Organic Liquids by :
Download or read book Fast, Non-linear Optical-scattering Spectroscopy in Shock-compressed Organic Liquids written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanosecond stimulated Raman and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy have been used to determine molecular vibrational frequency shifts and changes of phase in shock-compressed organic liquids. Results of dynamic experiments are compared to static Raman scattering measurements of samples, compressed and heated in a diamond-anvil cell. Objectives of the experiments are to determine the molecular structure and ultimately the energy transfer mechanisms in shock-compressed condensed phase materials.
Book Synopsis Single-pulse Coherent Raman Spectroscopy in Shock-compressed Benzene by :
Download or read book Single-pulse Coherent Raman Spectroscopy in Shock-compressed Benzene written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single-pulse backwards stimulated Raman and reflected broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (BSRC and RBBCARS) have been used to measure the vibrational frequency shifts of the 992 cm−1 ring-stretching mode of liquid benzene shock-compressed to pressures up to 1.2 GPa. The resulting shifts of approx. 7.5 cm−1/GPa in the dynamic experiments are compared to spontaneous Raman-scattering measurements of heated samples compressed in a diamond-anvil cell. RBBCARS was used to simultaneously measure the ring-stretching mode vibrational frequencies of liquid benzene/liquid perdeuterobenzene mixtures shock-compressed to pressures up to 1.53 GPa. Additional experiments that demonstrate the difficulty of using polarization-sensitive coherent Raman techniques, such as Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy (RIKES), in shock-compressed samples are described.
Book Synopsis Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy of Shock-compressed Liquid Oxygen by :
Download or read book Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy of Shock-compressed Liquid Oxygen written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vibrational spectra of liquid oxygen, shock compressed to several high-pressure/high-temperature states, were obtained using single- pulse multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS). The experimental spectra were compared to synthetic spectra calculated using a semiclassical model for the CARS intensities and best fit vibrational frequencies, peak Raman susceptibilities, and Raman linewidths. Up to the maximum shock pressure of 9.6 GPa, the vibrational frequencies were found to increase monotonically with pressure. An empirical fit, which could be used as a pressure/temperature/frequency calibration standard, showed that the Raman frequency shifts could be accurately described by linear pressure and temperature dependences. Above /approx/9 GPa, the liquid oxygen opacity at 632.8 nm increased rapidly, presumably because of proximity (collision)-induced absorption. Calculations showed that the induced absorption did not resonantly enhance the CARS spectra, but did attenuate the laser beams and the CARS signals. 33 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Book Synopsis Coherent Raman Scattering in High-pressure by :
Download or read book Coherent Raman Scattering in High-pressure written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present understanding of high-pressure/high-temperature dense-fluid behavior is derived almost exclusively from hydrodynamic and thermodynamic measurements. Such results average over the microscopic aspects of the materials and are, therefore, insufficient for a complete understanding of fluid behavior. At the present, dense-fluid models can be verified only to the extend that they agree with the macroscopic measurements. Recently, using stimulated Raman scattering, Raman induced Kerr effect scattering, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, we have been able to probe some of the microscopic phenomenology of these dense fluids. In this paper, we discuss primarily the use of CARS in conjunction with a two-stage light-gas gun to obtain vibrational spectra of shock-compressed liquid N2, O2, CO, their mixtures, CH3NO2, and N2O. These experimental spectra are compared to synthetic spectra calculated using a semiclassical model for CARS intensities and best fit vibrational frequencies, peak Raman susceptibilities, and Raman linewidths. For O2, the possibility of resonance enhancement from collision-induced absorption is addressed. Shifts in the vibrational frequencies reflect the influence of increased density and temperature on the intramolecular motion. The derived parameters suggest thermal equilibrium of the vibrational levels is established less than a few nanoseconds after shock passage. Vibrational temperatures are obtained that agree with those derived from equation-of-state calculations. Measured linewidths suggest that vibrational dephasing times have decreased to subpicosecond values at the highest shock pressures.
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1028 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Time-resolved Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) and the Measurement of Vibrational Spectra in Shock-compressed Molecular Materials by :
Download or read book Time-resolved Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) and the Measurement of Vibrational Spectra in Shock-compressed Molecular Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present the use of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) in conjunction with a two-stage light-gas gun to obtain vibrational spectra of shock-compressed liquid N2, O2, CO, and their mixtures. The experimental spectra are compared to spectra calculated using a semiclassical model for CARS intensities to obtain vibrational frequencies, peak Raman susceptibilities, and linewidths. The derived spectroscopic parameters suggest thermal equilibrium of the vibrational populations is established in less than a few nanoseconds after shock passage. Vibrational temperatures obtained are compared to those derived from equation-of-state calculations. Shifts in the vibrational frequencies reflect the influence of increased density and temperature on the intramolecular motion. 11 refs., 5 figs.
Book Synopsis Molecular Spectroscopy of Dynamically Compressed Materials by : David S. Moore
Download or read book Molecular Spectroscopy of Dynamically Compressed Materials written by David S. Moore and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-04 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers historical and state-of-the-art molecular spectroscopy methods and applications in dynamic compression science, aimed at the upcoming generation in physical sciences involved in studies of materials at extremes. It begins with addressing the motivation for probing shock compressed molecular materials with spectroscopy and then reviews historical developments and the basics of the various spectroscopic methods that have been utilized. Introductory chapters are devoted to fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy, overviews of dynamic compression technologies, and diagnostics used to quantify the shock compression state during spectroscopy experiments. Subsequent chapters describe all the molecular spectroscopic methods used in shock compression research to date, including theory, experimental details for application to shocked materials, and difficulties that can be encountered. Each of these chapters also includes a section comparing static compression results. The last chapter offers an outlook for the future, which leads the next-generation readers to tackling persistent problems.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Frequency Shift Measurement in Shock-compressed Materials by :
Download or read book Frequency Shift Measurement in Shock-compressed Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method for determining molecular vibrational frequencies in shock-compressed transparent materials. A single laser beam pulse is directed into a sample material while the material is shock-compressed from a direction opposite that of the incident laser beam. A Stokes beam produced by stimulated Raman scattering is emitted back along the path of the incident laser beam, that is, in the opposite direction to that of the incident laser beam. The Stokes beam is separated from the incident beam and its frequency measured. The difference in frequency between the Stokes beam and the incident beam is representative of the characteristic frequency of the Raman active mode of the sample. Both the incident beam and the Stokes beam pass perpendicularly through the shock front advancing through the sample, thereby minimizing adverse effects of refraction.
Book Synopsis Vibrational Spectroscopy in Shock-compressed Liquids by :
Download or read book Vibrational Spectroscopy in Shock-compressed Liquids written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy is being used to study the structure and energy transfer in simple molecular liquids at the high pressures and temperatures characteristic of explosive detonation. Dense fluids to several thousand degrees temperature and several hundred kilobars pressure are obtained using the shock-compression technique. Vibrational frequencies, third-order susceptibility ratios, and linewidths have been measured for N2, O2, CO, mixtures of N2, O2, and CO, and N2O. Frequencies are found to increase with pressure. The transition intensity and line-width data suggest that thermal equilibrium of the vibrational levels is attained in less than a few nanoseconds at these high pressures and temperatures. Vibrational temperatures obtained are compared to those derived from equation-of-state calculations.
Book Synopsis Coherent and Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy in Shocked and Unshocked Liquids by :
Download or read book Coherent and Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy in Shocked and Unshocked Liquids written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coherent and non-coherent Raman spectroscopy is being used to study the structure and energy transfer in molecular liquids at high pressures. Stimulated Raman scattering, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, and Raman induced Kerr effect scattering measurements have been performed in liquid benzene and liquid nitromethane shocked to pressures up to 11 GPa. Frequency shifts were observed for the 992 cm−1 ring stretching mode of benzene and the 920 cm−1 CN stretching mode of nitromethane. Results of these dynamic experiments are compared to spontaneous Raman scattering measurements made in a high temperature diamond anvil cell. Also, a picosecond infrared pump/spontaneous anti-Strokes Raman probe experiment is being used to measure CH stretch vibrational relaxation times in liquid halogenated methanes statically compressed to a few tenths GPa. 87 refs., 17 figs.
Book Synopsis Raman Spectroscopies in Shock-compressed Materials by :
Download or read book Raman Spectroscopies in Shock-compressed Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy, stimulated Raman scattering and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering have been used to measure temperatures and changes in molecular vibrational frequencies for detonating and shocked materials. Inverse Raman and Raman induced Kerr effect spectroscopies have been suggested as diagnostic probes for determining and phenomenology of shock-induced chemical reactions. The practicality, advantages, and disadvantages of using Raman scattering techniques as diagnostic probes of microscopic phenomenology through and immediately behind the shock front of shock-compressed molecular systems are discussed.
Book Synopsis Journal of Current Laser Abstracts by :
Download or read book Journal of Current Laser Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Method and Apparatus for Determining Pressure-induced Frequency-shifts in Shock-compressed Materials by :
Download or read book Method and Apparatus for Determining Pressure-induced Frequency-shifts in Shock-compressed Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method and an apparatus for conducting coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy in shock-compressed materials are disclosed. The apparatus includes a sample vessel having an optically transparent wall and an opposing optically reflective wall. Two coherent laser beams, a pump beam and a broadband Stokes beam, are directed through the window and focused on a portion of the sample. In the preferred embodiment, a projectile is fired from a high-pressure gas gun to impact the outside of the reflective wall, generating a planar shock wave which travels through the sample toward the window. The pump and Stokes beams result in the emission from the shock-compressed sample of a coherent anti-Stokes beam, which is emitted toward the approaching reflective wall of the vessel and reflected back through the window. The anti-Stokes beam is folded into a spectrometer for frequency analysis. The results of such analysis are useful for determining chemical and physical phenomena which occur during the shock-compression of the sample.
Book Synopsis Shock Waves in Condensed Matter - 1983 by : J.R. Asay
Download or read book Shock Waves in Condensed Matter - 1983 written by J.R. Asay and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shock Waves in Condensed Matter – 1983 covers the proceedings of the American Physical Society Topical Conference, held in Santa Fe, New Mexico on July 18-21, 1983. The book focuses on the response of matter to dynamic high pressure and temperature. The selection first elaborates on the review of theoretical calculations of phase transitions and comparisons with experimental results; theoretical and experimental studies of shock-compressed benzene and polybutene; and theory of the iron equation of state and melting curve to very high pressures. The text then ponders on nonhydrostatic effects in stress-wave induced phase transformation of calcite; Bauschinger effect model suitable for use in large computer codes; and strain rate sensitivity prediction for porous bed compaction. The manuscript takes a look at flaw nucleation and energetics of dynamic fragmentation, shock loading behavior of fused quartz, and aluminum damage simulation in high-velocity impact. Shock wave diagnostics by time-resolved infrared radiometry and non-linear Raman spectroscopy; Raman scattering temperature measurement behind a shock wave; and experiments and simulation on laser-driven shock wave evolution in aluminum targets are also discussed. The selection is a dependable reference for scientists and readers interested in the response of matter when exposed to dynamic high pressure and temperature.
