The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids

Download The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309453070
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant changes have taken place in the policy landscape surrounding cannabis legalization, production, and use. During the past 20 years, 25 states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis and/or cannabidiol (a component of cannabis) for medical conditions or retail sales at the state level and 4 states have legalized both the medical and recreational use of cannabis. These landmark changes in policy have impacted cannabis use patterns and perceived levels of risk. However, despite this changing landscape, evidence regarding the short- and long-term health effects of cannabis use remains elusive. While a myriad of studies have examined cannabis use in all its various forms, often these research conclusions are not appropriately synthesized, translated for, or communicated to policy makers, health care providers, state health officials, or other stakeholders who have been charged with influencing and enacting policies, procedures, and laws related to cannabis use. Unlike other controlled substances such as alcohol or tobacco, no accepted standards for safe use or appropriate dose are available to help guide individuals as they make choices regarding the issues of if, when, where, and how to use cannabis safely and, in regard to therapeutic uses, effectively. Shifting public sentiment, conflicting and impeded scientific research, and legislative battles have fueled the debate about what, if any, harms or benefits can be attributed to the use of cannabis or its derivatives, and this lack of aggregated knowledge has broad public health implications. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids provides a comprehensive review of scientific evidence related to the health effects and potential therapeutic benefits of cannabis. This report provides a research agendaâ€"outlining gaps in current knowledge and opportunities for providing additional insight into these issuesâ€"that summarizes and prioritizes pressing research needs.

Clinical Applications for Cannabis & Cannabinoids

Download Clinical Applications for Cannabis & Cannabinoids PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781737990208
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Applications for Cannabis & Cannabinoids by : Paul Armentano

Download or read book Clinical Applications for Cannabis & Cannabinoids written by Paul Armentano and published by . This book was released on 2021-11 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis

Download Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9789057023187
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (231 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis by : British Medical Association

Download or read book Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis written by British Medical Association and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-11-18 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the last Annual Representative Meeting of the British Medical Association a motion was passed that `certain additional cannabinoids should be legalized for wider medicinal use.'' This report supports this landmark statement by reviewing the scientific evidence for the therapeutic use of cannabinoids and sets the agenda for change. It will be welcomed by those who believe that cannabinoids can be used in medical treatment. The report discusses in a clear and readable form the use and adverse effects of the drug for nausea, multiple sclerosis, pain, epilepsy, glaucoma, and asthma.

Marijuana As Medicine?

Download Marijuana As Medicine? PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309065313
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Marijuana As Medicine? by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Marijuana As Medicine? written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-12-30 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some people suffer from chronic, debilitating disorders for which no conventional treatment brings relief. Can marijuana ease their symptoms? Would it be breaking the law to turn to marijuana as a medication? There are few sources of objective, scientifically sound advice for people in this situation. Most books about marijuana and medicine attempt to promote the views of advocates or opponents. To fill the gap between these extremes, authors Alison Mack and Janet Joy have extracted critical findings from a recent Institute of Medicine study on this important issue, interpreting them for a general audience. Marijuana As Medicine? provides patientsâ€"as well as the people who care for themâ€"with a foundation for making decisions about their own health care. This empowering volume examines several key points, including: Whether marijuana can relieve a variety of symptoms, including pain, muscle spasticity, nausea, and appetite loss. The dangers of smoking marijuana, as well as the effects of its active chemical components on the immune system and on psychological health. The potential use of marijuana-based medications on symptoms of AIDS, cancer, multiple sclerosis, and several other specific disorders, in comparison with existing treatments. Marijuana As Medicine? introduces readers to the active compounds in marijuana. These include the principal ingredient in Marinol, a legal medication. The authors also discuss the prospects for developing other drugs derived from marijuana's active ingredients. In addition to providing an up-to-date review of the science behind the medical marijuana debate, Mack and Joy also answer common questions about the legal status of marijuana, explaining the conflict between state and federal law regarding its medical use. Intended primarily as an aid to patients and caregivers, this book objectively presents critical information so that it can be used to make responsible health care decisions. Marijuana As Medicine? will also be a valuable resource for policymakers, health care providers, patient counselors, medical faculty and studentsâ€"in short, anyone who wants to learn more about this important issue.

Cannabis and Cannabinoids

Download Cannabis and Cannabinoids PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136614931
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (366 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cannabis and Cannabinoids by : Ethan B Russo

Download or read book Cannabis and Cannabinoids written by Ethan B Russo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study the latest research findings by international experts! This comprehensive volume presents state-of-the-art scientific research on the therapeutic uses of cannabis and its derivatives. All too often, discussions of the potential medical uses of this substance are distorted by political considerations that have no place in a medical debate. Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Potential features fair, equitable discussion of this emerging and controversial medical topic by the world’s foremost researchers. Cannabis and Cannabinoids examines the benefits, drawbacks, and side effects of medical marijuana as a treatment for various conditions and diseases. This book discusses the scientific basis for marijuana’s use in cases of pain, nausea, anorexia, and cachexia. It also explores its possible benefits in glaucoma, ischemia, spastic disorders, and migraine. Cannabis and Cannabinoids examines all facets of the medical use of marijuana, including: botany history biochemistry pharmacology clinical use toxicology side effects Cannabis and Cannabinoids is a reference work that will become indispensable to physicians, psychologists, researchers, biochemists, graduate students, and interested members of the public. No other book available offers this comprehensive, even-handed look at a deeply divisive subject.

Marijuana and Medicine

Download Marijuana and Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309071550
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Marijuana and Medicine by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Marijuana and Medicine written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-07-10 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The medical use of marijuana is surrounded by a cloud of social, political, and religious controversy, which obscures the facts that should be considered in the debate. This book summarizes what we know about marijuana from evidence-based medicineâ€"the harm it may do and the relief it may bring to patients. The book helps the reader understand not only what science has to say about medical marijuana but also the logic behind the scientific conclusions. Marijuana and Medicine addresses the science base and the therapeutic effects of marijuana use for medical conditions such as glaucoma and multiple sclerosis. It covers marijuana's mechanism of action, acute and chronic effects on health and behavior, potential adverse effects, efficacy of different delivery systems, analysis of the data about marijuana as a gateway drug, and the prospects for developing cannabinoid drugs. The book evaluates how well marijuana meets accepted standards for medicine and considers the conclusions of other blue-ribbon panels. Full of useful facts, this volume will be important to anyone interested in informed debate about the medical use of marijuana: advocates and opponents as well as policymakers, regulators, and health care providers.

Medicinal Cannabis and CBD in Mental Healthcare

Download Medicinal Cannabis and CBD in Mental Healthcare PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030785599
Total Pages : 591 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Medicinal Cannabis and CBD in Mental Healthcare by : Kylie O'Brien

Download or read book Medicinal Cannabis and CBD in Mental Healthcare written by Kylie O'Brien and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-27 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book functions as a clinician’s guide to the use of cannabidiol (CBD) in the treatment of mental health conditions. It conveys the scientific evidence of efficacy of CBD as well as THC and addresses the social stigma attached to its medical use. The book describes the endocannabinoid system, how stress and the endocannabinoid system interact and key constituents, pharmacokinetics and safety aspects of medicinal cannabis, focusing on CBD and THC. Chapters on specific mental health conditions describe the underpinning pathomechanisms including how the endocannabinoid system is involved, and summarises the scientific evidence including animal and human research for the use of CBD and THC in treatment of such conditions. Topics covered include anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia, Alzheimer's Disease and autism spectrum disorder. Chapters also discuss treatment guidelines and case studies. Unique and focused, Medicinal Cannabis and CBD in Mental Healthcare is an invaluable reference for medical practitioners seeking to adopt CBD-use in their treatment plans.

Cannabinoids and Sleep

Download Cannabinoids and Sleep PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030616630
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cannabinoids and Sleep by : Jaime M. Monti

Download or read book Cannabinoids and Sleep written by Jaime M. Monti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-03 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on cannabis and sleep is emerging with promising results. This book offers current and comprehensive knowledge on cannabinoid research results in connection with sleep. The volume covers aspects of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa, the pharmacology of cannabinoids, neurobiology and pharmacology of sleep and wakefulness, and the benefits and side effects of cannabis on the central nervous system. It further discusses the putative therapeutical properties of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids and their potential for the treatment of sleep disorders such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, REM sleep behavior disorder, and restless legs syndrome. The book is written by medical and scientific experts in this field and intended for researchers from a range of disciplines such as biomedicine, biology, neurosciences, clinical medicine, neurology, and pharmacology.

Cannabinoids in Neurologic and Mental Disease

Download Cannabinoids in Neurologic and Mental Disease PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124171249
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (241 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cannabinoids in Neurologic and Mental Disease by : Liana Fattore

Download or read book Cannabinoids in Neurologic and Mental Disease written by Liana Fattore and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-01-23 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of cannabis sativa for the treatment of neurologic and mental disease is expanding. Cannabinoids in Neurologic and Mental Disease collects and presents for the first time recent research involving the use of pharmacological cannabinoids for the treatment of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease. The neurologic application of cannabinoid therapy builds upon psychiatric and psychological use for the treatment of a variety of core mental disorders. This comprehensive reference on the known uses of cannabinoids will be useful for clinical neurologists, neuroscience and clinical neuroscience researchers, clinical psychologists and psychiatrists and the general medical community. A comprehensive reference on the clinical uses of cannabinoids for treating major neurologic and mental diseases Detailed coverage of cannabinoid use for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease including Multiple Sclerosis, Epilepsy, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease Detailed coverage of cannabinoid use for major psychiatric and psychological diseases and disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, Tourette's syndrome, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Handbook of Cannabis for Clinicians: Principles and Practice

Download Handbook of Cannabis for Clinicians: Principles and Practice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393714195
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (937 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Cannabis for Clinicians: Principles and Practice by : Dustin Sulak DO

Download or read book Handbook of Cannabis for Clinicians: Principles and Practice written by Dustin Sulak DO and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2021-06-29 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first foundational text on the clinical use of cannabis and cannabinoid therapies. Despite thousands of years of medical use and an impressive record of safety, versatility, and efficacy, Cannabis sativa has existed outside the modern pharmacopeia since the 1940s. Primarily driven by popular demand, this botanical has returned to health care, but most clinicians lack the knowledge essential for identifying candidates for treatment, guiding patients, maximizing benefit, and minimizing harm. Dustin Sulak provides health care professionals—including physicians, psychologists, pharmacists, and nurses—with an accessible and evidence-based reference that empowers them to intelligently discuss cannabis with their patients and implement cannabis and cannabinoid therapies with confidence. Based on over a decade of clinical experience and an extensive review of the literature, this detailed and scientifically accurate guide includes the history of cannabis in medicine, the foundations of endocannabinoid physiology, the pharmacological effects of cannabis’ myriad active constituents, the clinical utility of its various preparations, and specific strategies and cautions for treating the most common conditions presenting to a cannabis clinician. This guide is an essential resource for practitioners of any specialty field or experience level who wish to improve their patients’ outcomes, harness the healing potential of the endocannabinoid system, and wield a powerful solution to many of healthcare’s challenges.

Cannabis Is Medicine

Download Cannabis Is Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Little, Brown Spark
ISBN 13 : 031650081X
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (165 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cannabis Is Medicine by : Bonni Goldstein

Download or read book Cannabis Is Medicine written by Bonni Goldstein and published by Little, Brown Spark. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlock the healing power of cannabis medicine and discover the cutting-edge science behind its remarkable impact on human health. Millions of people around the world are healing illnesses with cannabis. Nonetheless, many physicians remain reluctant to discuss cannabis medicine with their patients. And with so much conflicting misinformation from unreliable sources, finding out if cannabis could be an effective treatment for you or a loved one can feel nearly impossible. This book is the comprehensive resource for people who have not found relief from conventional medicines. Bonni Goldstein, MD, has helped thousands of patients suffering from chronic, difficult-to-treat conditions improve with cannabis. In this revelatory book, she explains the current state of scientific research on how cannabis interacts with human physiology to create homeostasis -- balance -- leading to good health. Many of the plant's compounds, including CBD and CBG, and their therapeutic effects are explained in detail. Readers will learn how to best navigate the multitude of available cannabis-based products, with detailed guidance on safety and usage, and how to customize a personalized cannabis regimen. And Dr. Goldstein presents 28 common conditions for which patients have found cannabis treatment to be effective, including cancer, insomnia and gastrointestinal disorders. As medical cannabis laws continue to evolve, it is more vital than ever for struggling patients to understand the benefits of this plant from an honest, medicine-based perspective. Educational, practical, and thorough, Cannabis Is Medicine empowers patients to make informed decisions about this natural medicine and improve the quality of their lives.

A Clinician's Guide to Cannabinoid Science

Download A Clinician's Guide to Cannabinoid Science PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108730752
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (87 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Clinician's Guide to Cannabinoid Science by : Steven James

Download or read book A Clinician's Guide to Cannabinoid Science written by Steven James and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential book provides the scientific context from peer-reviewed medical literature of the emerging area of cannabinoid science.

Medical Marijuana

Download Medical Marijuana PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0593190246
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (931 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Medical Marijuana by : Mikhail Kogan, M.D.

Download or read book Medical Marijuana written by Mikhail Kogan, M.D. and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2023-03-07 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential guide to understanding the health benefits of marijuana and CBD Marijuana has been used for thousands of years as a medicine, but pot has been illegal in the United States for most of our lives. Almost all states have now legalized its medical use, and many consumers and physicians are exploring it as an alternative to conventional treatments. There’s substantial evidence that marijuana (cannabis) is a safe and effective treatment for chronic pain, chemo side effects, sleep and mood disorders, MS, and Parkinson’s disease, among others. But there’s also misinformation about marijuana on social media. And most physicians have limited knowledge on the subject, while dispensary staff (aka “budtenders”) lack medical training. Mikhail Kogan, MD, a renowned expert on medical marijuana, has found that cannabinoids (THC, CBD, hemp, and other cannabis products) can often be more beneficial, have fewer side effects, and be safer than many conventional medications, including opioids and other painkillers. But different ailments require different strains, doses, and routes of delivery. Medical Marijuana demystifies marijuana and other forms of cannabis in a user-friendly guide that will help readers: • Understand how marijuana morphed from the days of “Reefer Madness” to being hailed as a wonder weed • Navigate the complex medical and legal world of marijuana • Understand the risks and benefits of THC, CBD, and other cannabis products • Evaluate the pros and cons of inhaled and other routes of delivery: edibles, topicals, and even suppositories • Find a doctor who can recommend medical cannabis • Choose a reliable dispensary • Learn how to evaluate labels on cannabis products • Discover cost-saving strategies since medical marijuana isn’t covered by health insurance With real-life patients’ stories woven throughout the book, simple explanatory graphics, and the most up-to-date information, this is the definitive guide to the wide-ranging benefits of medical marijuana and other forms of cannabis.

Marijuana Medical Handbook

Download Marijuana Medical Handbook PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Quick Trading Company
ISBN 13 : 0932551475
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (325 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Marijuana Medical Handbook by : Dale Gieringer

Download or read book Marijuana Medical Handbook written by Dale Gieringer and published by Quick Trading Company. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An estimated 40 million Americans have medical symptoms that marijuana can relieve. Marijuana Medical Handbook is a one-stop resource that gives candid, objective advice on using marijuana for healing, understanding its effects on the body, safe administration, targeting illnesses, side effects, and the various delivery methods from edibles and tinctures to smokeless vaporizer pipes. The book also details supply issues, cultivation solutions (in a chapter by renowned expert Ed Rosenthal), and legal consequences. This thoroughly revised edition incorporates the most up-to-date information on the ever-changing politics of marijuana, the plant's usage, and medical research on it.

Phytocannabinoids

Download Phytocannabinoids PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319455419
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Phytocannabinoids by : A. Douglas Kinghorn

Download or read book Phytocannabinoids written by A. Douglas Kinghorn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-24 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents the current state of the art on phytocannnabinoid chemistry and pharmacology and will be of much use to those wishing to understand the current landscape of the exciting and intriguing phytocannabinoid science. The focus is on natural product cannabinoids which have been demonstrated to act at specific receptor targets in the CNS.

Medical Marijuana

Download Medical Marijuana PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 1975141903
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (751 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Medical Marijuana by : Samoon Ahmad

Download or read book Medical Marijuana written by Samoon Ahmad and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2020-07-29 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experienced clinicians for practicing physicians and other health care providers, this timely handbook presents today’s available information on cannabis and its uses in all areas of patient care. Medical Marijuana: A Clinical Handbook summarizes what is currently known about the positive and negative health impacts of cannabis, detailed pharmacological profiles of both THC and CBD, considerations for each medical specialty, treatment approaches used by practicing clinicians, and insights into the history of cannabis and the current regulatory environment in the United States. This concise, easy-to-navigate guide is an invaluable resource for physicians and residents, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, and other clinicians who seek reliable clinical guidelines in this growing area of health care.

Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust

Download Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030921646X
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-16 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in medical, biomedical and health services research have reduced the level of uncertainty in clinical practice. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) complement this progress by establishing standards of care backed by strong scientific evidence. CPGs are statements that include recommendations intended to optimize patient care. These statements are informed by a systematic review of evidence and an assessment of the benefits and costs of alternative care options. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust examines the current state of clinical practice guidelines and how they can be improved to enhance healthcare quality and patient outcomes. Clinical practice guidelines now are ubiquitous in our healthcare system. The Guidelines International Network (GIN) database currently lists more than 3,700 guidelines from 39 countries. Developing guidelines presents a number of challenges including lack of transparent methodological practices, difficulty reconciling conflicting guidelines, and conflicts of interest. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust explores questions surrounding the quality of CPG development processes and the establishment of standards. It proposes eight standards for developing trustworthy clinical practice guidelines emphasizing transparency; management of conflict of interest ; systematic review-guideline development intersection; establishing evidence foundations for and rating strength of guideline recommendations; articulation of recommendations; external review; and updating. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust shows how clinical practice guidelines can enhance clinician and patient decision-making by translating complex scientific research findings into recommendations for clinical practice that are relevant to the individual patient encounter, instead of implementing a one size fits all approach to patient care. This book contains information directly related to the work of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as various Congressional staff and policymakers. It is a vital resource for medical specialty societies, disease advocacy groups, health professionals, private and international organizations that develop or use clinical practice guidelines, consumers, clinicians, and payers.