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Climate Change Impacts To The Tidal Salt Marsh Habitats Of San Pablo Bay California
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Book Synopsis Climate Change Impacts to the Tidal Salt Marsh Habitats of San Pablo Bay, California by : Karen Maria Thorne
Download or read book Climate Change Impacts to the Tidal Salt Marsh Habitats of San Pablo Bay, California written by Karen Maria Thorne and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The response of ecosystems to climate change is difficult to evaluate and predict, and often are constrained by anthropogenic modifications to the natural environment. Here, I assess the impacts of sea-level rise and extreme storm events on a tidal salt marsh ecosystem located in San Francisco Bay estuary (California, USA) that contains local endemic and endangered wildlife species. The San Francisco Bay estuary has been heavily impacted from human development resulting in the loss of over 80% of its historic tidal salt marshes. In this dissertation, I hypothesize that there will be short-term impacts from extreme storm events and long-term impacts from sea-level rise on the San Pablo Bay endemic marsh wildlife. The first chapter of this dissertation is a discussion about the current state of understanding about climate change impacts on salt marsh habitats and wildlife, using San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge (SPBNWR) as a case study. The second chapter documents two extreme storm events in 2010 and 2011, and discusses impacts on available marsh habitats. At peak storm surge, over 65% (2010) and 93% (2011) of the marsh habitat for wildlife was under water, presumably increasing predation and drowning risk. In the third chapter, I evaluate if SPBNWR is currently keeping pace with sea-level rise and what biogeomorphic processes may be important. Subsidence and accretion was found to vary spatially, with only 37% of the marsh keeping pace with current sea-level rise rates. Surprisingly, I found widespread subsidence (55%) in areas adjacent to constructed levees. Using Akaike Information Criterion (AICc), I found that the distance from the sediment source (San Pablo Bay edge) was the most important covariate to determine accretion. In the fourth chapter, I develop a spatially-explicit, sea-level rise response model for SPBNWR to assess habitat resiliency to 2100. The model projected a loss of most high marsh habitat by 2050, and a loss of most mid marsh habitat by 2040 to 2060. Low marsh habitat showed a temporary increase in area between 2030 and 2050, with the peak (658 ha) in 2040. A large eastern portion of the marsh or 75% of the area (1,004 ha) converted to predominantly mudflat by 2060 with a 47 cm increase in sea-level. However, an almost complete conversion to mudflat occurred with a 75 cm sea-level rise by 2080, with
Book Synopsis Ecology, Conservation, and Restoration of Tidal Marshes by : Arnas Palaima
Download or read book Ecology, Conservation, and Restoration of Tidal Marshes written by Arnas Palaima and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2012-10-09 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The San Francisco Bay, the biggest estuary on the west coast of North America, was once surrounded by an almost unbroken chain of tidal wetlands, a fecund sieve of ecosystems connecting the land and the Bay. Today, most of these wetlands have disappeared under the demands of coastal development, and those that remain cling precariously to a drastically altered coastline. This volume is a collaborative effort of nearly 40 scholars in which the wealth of scientific knowledge available on tidal wetlands of the San Francisco Estuary is summarized and integrated. This book addresses issues of taxonomy, geomorphology, toxicology, the impact of climate change, ecosystem services, public policy, and conservation, and it is an essential resource for ecologists, environmental scientists, coastal policymakers, and researchers interested in estuaries and conserving and restoring coastal wetlands around the world.
Book Synopsis Vegetation and Environment Along Salt Marsh Tidal Channels of San Pablo Bay by : Gale K. Rankin
Download or read book Vegetation and Environment Along Salt Marsh Tidal Channels of San Pablo Bay written by Gale K. Rankin and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Suisun Marsh written by Peter B. Moyle and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2014-03-26 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of California's most remarkable wetlands, Suisun Marsh is the largest tidal marsh on the West Coast and a major feature of the San Francisco Estuary. This productive and unique habitat supports endemic species, is a nursery for native fishes, and is a vital link for migratory waterfowl. The 6,000-year-old marsh has been affected by human activity, and humans will continue to have significant impacts on the marsh as the sea level rises and cultural values shift in the century ahead. This study includes in-depth information about the ecological and human history of Suisun Marsh, its abiotic and biotic characteristics, agents of ecological change, and alternative futures facing this ecosystem.
Book Synopsis Ecology, Conservation, and Restoration of Tidal Marshes by : Arnas Palaima
Download or read book Ecology, Conservation, and Restoration of Tidal Marshes written by Arnas Palaima and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2012-09-08 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The San Francisco Bay, the biggest estuary on the west coast of North America, was once surrounded by an almost unbroken chain of tidal wetlands, a fecund sieve of ecosystems connecting the land and the Bay. Today, most of these wetlands have disappeared under the demands of coastal development, and those that remain cling precariously to a drastically altered coastline. This volume is a collaborative effort of nearly 40 scholars in which the wealth of scientific knowledge available on tidal wetlands of the San Francisco Estuary is summarized and integrated. This book addresses issues of taxonomy, geomorphology, toxicology, the impact of climate change, ecosystem services, public policy, and conservation, and it is an essential resource for ecologists, environmental scientists, coastal policymakers, and researchers interested in estuaries and conserving and restoring coastal wetlands around the world.
Download or read book Summary Status Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Human Impacts on Salt Marshes by : Brian R. Silliman
Download or read book Human Impacts on Salt Marshes written by Brian R. Silliman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2009-06-03 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Human Impacts on Salt Marshes provides an excellent global synthesis of an important, underappreciated environmental problem and suggests solutions to the diverse threats affecting salt marshes."—Peter B. Moyle, University of California, Davis
Book Synopsis San Francisco Bay Salt Marsh Vegetation Geography and Ecology by : Katherine Lillian Cecilia Cuneo
Download or read book San Francisco Bay Salt Marsh Vegetation Geography and Ecology written by Katherine Lillian Cecilia Cuneo and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Ecology of Southern California Coastal Salt Marshes by : Joy B. Zedler
Download or read book The Ecology of Southern California Coastal Salt Marshes written by Joy B. Zedler and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement II, Wildcat and San Pablo Creeks, Contra Costa County, California by :
Download or read book Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement II, Wildcat and San Pablo Creeks, Contra Costa County, California written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impacts of Extreme Drought, Eutrophication, and Plant Invasion on Salt Marshes and Blue Carbon by : Megan Amanda Kelso
Download or read book Impacts of Extreme Drought, Eutrophication, and Plant Invasion on Salt Marshes and Blue Carbon written by Megan Amanda Kelso and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal salt marshes are ecologically rich, productive systems that provide many benefits including flood protection, water filtration, and habitat for coastal fish, invertebrates, and shorebirds. In addition, they are one of the most effective natural systems at sequestering carbon, storing it three times as densely as most forest systems per unit area. These valuable ecosystems are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic stressors such as invasive species, eutrophication, and climate change. Each of these stressors can have large independent impacts on ecosystems and may also have important interactive effects. In this dissertation, I explore the interacting effects of extreme drought associated with climate change, eutrophication, and invasion by an aggressive non-native plant called Lepidium latifolium on tidal salt marshes and their ability to sequester carbon. In chapter 1, my collaborators and I explored how the combined stress of extreme drought and elevated nutrients altered invasion dynamics of L. latifolium in tidal salt marshes of San Francisco Bay, CA, USA. From 2012-2015, California experienced an unprecedented drought that stressed tidal salt marsh ecosystems. In a three-year field experiment from 2014 to 2016, we tracked the effects of this extreme drought on L. latifolium invasion using field experiments to test how nutrient addition altered invasion dynamics at four salt marsh sites along a salinity gradient in San Francisco Bay. We documented a dramatic die-back of invasive L. latifolium during the extreme drought, including large reductions in stem density (52%-100%) and height (17%-47%) that were more severe at low salinity sites than high salinity sites. We found nutrient addition lessened the effect of drought on L. latifolium stem density, but not height. In native salt marsh plots, extreme drought reduced native plant percent cover (4%-24%), but nutrient addition strongly mitigated this impact. Interestingly, we found native plants in areas invaded by L. latifolium did not suffer reductions in percent cover due to drought, perhaps because they were simultaneously benefitting from the die-back of the invader. Further, native plant percent cover actually increased during the drought in plots that were both invaded by L. latifolium and received nutrients. These results indicate extreme drought is an important driver of change in salt marsh plant communities and may impede the invasion and spread of L. latifolium. Further, nutrient loading appears to help both native and invasive plants cope with extreme drought stress. In chapter 2, we examined the physical mechanisms and temporal scale underlying the dramatic die-back of L. latifolium documented in chapter 1. Extreme drought affects estuarine tidal salt marshes both by reducing local rainfall and by raising estuarine salinity through reduced fresh-water inflows. We tested the impact of local rainfall on L. latifolium by experimentally manipulating rainfall for one year in plots at a salt marsh in south San Francisco Bay. Surprisingly, we did not detect a significant impact of local rainfall on density of the invader, despite diverting 100% of the rainfall that would have fallen into experimental plots during the rainy season (January to mid-May). Next, we explored the relationship between bay salinity and invasion using eight years of monthly water column salinity data and five years of L. latifolium density field data at three salt marsh sites. We found a significant time-lagged (three years) effect of bay salinity on L. latifolium density across our three sites, with high salinities preceding reductions in L. latifolium densities and low salinities preceding increases. The most dramatic change in stem density, a 54% reduction in 2015, was preceded by a salinity increase of 43% from 2011 to 2012. Our finding that water column salinity was a major driver of L. latifolium invasion dynamics suggests sea level rise, like extreme drought, may hinder L. latifolium invasion, since rising sea levels will also raise estuarine salinities. Further, our study highlights the importance of temporal lags in climate change impacts on biological invasions, which has received very little study to date. In chapter 3, we examine the effects of L. latifolium invasion and eutrophication on the valuable ecosystem service of carbon storage provided by coastal salt marshes, known as “blue carbon” storage. Specifically, we measured standing stock of carbon and rates of decomposition, an important underlying process driving future rates of carbon storage. We found invasion by L. latifolium overall decreased blue carbon, a surprising result that contradicts the general assumption that invasive plants store more carbon than native communities. We identified a synergistic interaction between invasion and nutrient addition on rates of below-ground decomposition, where nutrient addition amplified the accelerating effect of invasion on below-ground decomposition. We found nutrient addition increased carbon in above-ground and below-ground biomass. Our results demonstrate that anthropogenic stressors can alter blue carbon in independent and interactive ways. Taking a multi-stressor approach to studying blue carbon ecosystems will improve predictions of the permanence of blue carbon storage and might explain some of the observed variability in carbon storage among sites, two of the largest technical hurdles impeding the development of comprehensive blue carbon policy. Coastal wetland ecosystems are under threat from multiple concurrent stressors and understanding their combined impacts on these ecosystems and the valuable carbon storage service they provide is critical for effective management and policy development.
Download or read book Salt Marshes written by Judith S Weis and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-16 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tall green grass. Subtle melodies of songbirds. Sharp whines of muskrats. Rustles of water running through the grasses. And at low tide, a pungent reminder of the treasures hidden beneath the surface.All are vital signs of the great salt marshes' natural resources. Now championed as critical habitats for plants, animals, and people because of the environmental service and protection they provide, these ecological wonders were once considered unproductive wastelands, home solely to mosquitoes and toxic waste, and mistreated for centuries by the human population. Exploring the fascinating biodiversity of these boggy wetlands, Salt Marshes offers readers a wealth of essential information about a variety of plants, fish, and animals, the importance of these habitats, consequences of human neglect and thoughtless development, and insight into how these wetlands recover. Judith S. Weis and Carol A. Butler shed ample light on the human impact, including chapters on physical and biological alterations, pollution, and remediation and recovery programs. In addition to a national and global perspective, the authors place special emphasis on coastal wetlands in the Atlantic and Gulf regions, as well as the San Francisco Bay Area, calling attention to their historical and economic legacies. Written in clear, easy-to-read language, Salt Marshes proves that the battles for preservation and conservation must continue, because threats to salt marshes ebb and flow like the water that runs through them.
Book Synopsis California Salt Marsh Accretion, Ecosystem Services, and Disturbance Responses In the Face of Climate Change by : Lauren Brown
Download or read book California Salt Marsh Accretion, Ecosystem Services, and Disturbance Responses In the Face of Climate Change written by Lauren Brown and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal salt marsh ecosystems in California are at risk from projected rates of sea-level rise (SLR) of up to an order of magnitude higher than rates seen over the past 6,000 years of stable sea levels (Griggs, Cayan, Tebaldi, Fricker, & rvai, 2017). With rates of this magnitude, salt marsh area, already limited by land use changes in the 19th and 20th centuries, could be completely lost by 2100 (Thorne et al., 2018). To better understand how California salt marshes are adapting to modern acceleration of SLR, over 100 sediment cores were collected from 13 salt marsh sites, ranging from Humboldt Bay to Tijuana River Estuary. Sediment accretion rates over the past several hundred years were measured using radiocesium, radiolead, and radiocarbon dating on 32 cores. Valuation of the carbon storage, an ecosystem service known as blue carbon provided by salt marshes, presents an opportunity to help preserve and restore sites threatened by SLR through carbon credits (Bear, 2017; Callaway, Borgnis, Turner, & Milan, 2012; Mcleod et al., 2011), but there are many questions which much be addressed before this can become a reality for the state of California (Macreadie et al., 2019). A standardized protocol for estimation of carbon content from loss-on-ignition (LOI) was developed with an emphasis on quantifying error and uncertainty in carbon measurements for blue carbon purposes. Using a conversion between soil organic matter and soil organic carbon shown to be effective for California salt marshes, carbon content was estimated through LOI analysis of 61 sediment cores. The impact of climate change in these ecosystems was further explored in the first documented record of a fire in a Pacific coast salt marsh at Mugu Lagoon. California salt marsh sediment accretion averages at 2.93 1.9 mm yr-1, which is lower than average rates from regions such as the US Gulf and East coasts. Rates of accretion and relative SLR (RSLR) show a non-linear relationship with highest accretion occurring at rates of RSLR from 2 - 6 mm yr-1. Linear relationships between SLR and accretion are comparatively weak, but are stronger in the low elevations of salt marsh habitat. Salt marshes in the state annually sequester about 0.08% of state-wide annual greenhouse gas emissions and store about 23% of one year's emissions in their soils (as compared to 2016 emissions). Because of limited area, these habitats will not serve as an effective mitigation strategy at the state level, but loss of this habitat may release up to 27 0.3 Tg stored carbon, potentially valued at about $1.4 billion (using an estimate of $15/tonne CO2 equivalent). Preservation of current habitat through facilitation of sediment accretion will have the largest positive impact on carbon storage and sequestration, as well as protect salt marsh habitat from being lost to SLR. Analysis of the persistent effects of a recent marsh fire at Mugu Lagoon demonstrates that drought-stress may slow California salt marsh response to disturbance by one or more growing seasons and highlights the uncertain impacts of climate change on system function. This dissertation provides important baseline data for salt marsh sediment accretion, salt marsh carbon stocks and sequestrations rates, recommends best practices for use of LOI as a measure of soil organic carbon, and examines ecosystem recovery under multiple stressors. This work can be used in vulnerability assessments, ecosystem models, and valuation of ecosystem services for California salt marshes.
Book Synopsis The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the United States by :
Download or read book The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Ecology of San Francisco Bay Tidal Marshes by : Michael Josselyn
Download or read book The Ecology of San Francisco Bay Tidal Marshes written by Michael Josselyn and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Climate Change and Estuaries by : Michael J. Kennish
Download or read book Climate Change and Estuaries written by Michael J. Kennish and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-09-15 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is having an increasing impact on coastal, estuarine, and marine environments worldwide. This book provides state-of-the-art coverage of climate change effects on estuarine ecosystems from local, regional, and global perspectives. With editors among the most noted international scholars in coastal ecology and estuarine science and contributors who are world-class in their fields, the chapters in this volume consist of comprehensive studies in coastal, estuarine and marine sciences, climate change, and coastal management and provide an extensive international collection of data in tabular, illustrated, and narrative formats useful for coastal scientists, planners, and managers. Comprised of three sections: (1) physical-chemical aspects; (2) biological aspects; and (3) management aspects, the book not only examines climatic and non-climatic drivers of change affecting coastal, estuarine, and marine environments but also their interactions and effects on populations of organisms, communities, habitats, and ecosystem structure and function. Pulling together today’s most salient issues and key literature advances for those concerned with coastal management, it allows the reader to see across direct and indirect interactions among disciplinary and ecosystem boundaries. Climate Change and Estuaries meets the research needs of climate scientists, estuarine and marine biologists, marine chemists, marine geologists, hydrologists, and coastal engineers, while students, professors, administrators, and other professionals will also find it an exhaustive reference.
Book Synopsis Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement, Wildcat and San Pablo Creeks, Contra Costa County, Ca by :
Download or read book Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement, Wildcat and San Pablo Creeks, Contra Costa County, Ca written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
