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Civil Wars In Rwanda And Burundi
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Book Synopsis Civil Wars in Rwanda and Burundi by : Godfrey Mwakikagile
Download or read book Civil Wars in Rwanda and Burundi written by Godfrey Mwakikagile and published by New Africa Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a historical survey and analysis of some of the bloodiest conflicts in modern times. The civil wars in Rwanda and Burundi, twin states in the Great Lakes region of East Africa, are often explained in simplistic terms even by some political pundits as mere tribal wars, rooted in anciet hatred, between the Hutu and the Tutsi. Ethnicity is indeed a factor. But of paramount importance in this conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi, in both countries, is the struggle for power although with "racial" overtones, and the exclusion of the Hutu majority from meaningful participation in the political process. Therefore the conflicts are not tribal wars but political statements as well, probably more than anything else; what Tanzanian President Benjamin Mkapa aptly described as "military expressions of political intent." In this comprehensive study, the author also addresses one of the most controversial subjects today: conflict resolution in Africa. There are no easy answers, but the author attempts to provide some of them. He covers as much ground as possible, trying to come up with solutions not only to the wars in Africa's Great Lakes region, but in other parts of the continent as well.
Book Synopsis Health and Civil War in Rural Burundi by : Tom Bundervoet
Download or read book Health and Civil War in Rural Burundi written by Tom Bundervoet and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Civil Wars in Africa by : Taisier Mohamed Ahmed Ali
Download or read book Civil Wars in Africa written by Taisier Mohamed Ahmed Ali and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1999 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of case studies of nine African countries, Civil Wars in Africa provides a comparative perspective on the causes of civil war and the processes by which internal conflict may be resolved or averted. The book focuses on the wars in Ethiopia, Liberia, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, and Uganda as well as the experiences of Tanzania and Zimbabwe, where civil war was averted, to underline conditions under which conflict can most successfully be managed. John Kiyaga-Nsubuga focuses on Yoweri Museveni and his National Resistance Movement regime's attempt to bring peace to Uganda. John Prendergast and Mark Duffield look at Ethiopia's long civil war and the role of liberation politics and external engagement. Bruce Jones studies the ethnic roots of the civil war in Rwanda. Elwood Dunn explores political manipulation and ethnic differences as causes of civil strife in Liberia. John Saul examines the role of Western powers in establishing peace in Mozambique. Hussein Adam describes the collapse of the authoritarian regime in Somalia and the subsequent rise of inter-clan and sub-clan rivalry. Taisier Ali and Robert Matthews argue that the forty-year conflict in Sudan is much more complex than the usual view that it results from the pitting of the Arab, Islamic North against the African, Christian South. Shifting the focus to how internal unrest may be managed, Hevina Dashwood examines government initiatives undertaken to maintain stability in Zimbabwe and Cranford Pratt describes the policies and institutions developed by Nyerere that enabled Tanzania to avoid ethnic, regional, and religious factionalism and intra-elite rivalries. James Busumtwi-Sam explores multilateral third-party intervention, highlighting the changing role of the OAU and the United Nations and their effectiveness in averting war. The concluding chapter draws together findings from the individual case studies and incorporates them into the larger corpus of the literature. Taisier M. Ali, formerly professor of political economy at the University of Khartoum, is presently a visiting scholar in the Department of Political Science, University of Toronto. Robert O. Matthews is professor of political science, University of Toronto.
Download or read book Life after Violence written by Peter Uvin and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2009-06-15 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Burundi has recently emerged from twelve years of devastating civil war. Its economy has been destroyed and hundreds and thousands of people have been killed. In this book, the voices of ordinary Burundians are heard for the first time. Farmers, artisans, traders, mothers, soldiers and students talk about the past and the future, war and peace, their hopes for a better life and their relationships with each other and the state. Young men, in particular, often seen as the cause of violence and war, talk about the difficulties of living up to standards of masculinity in an impoverished and war-torn society. Weaving a rich tapestry, Peter Uvin pitches the ideas and aspirations of people on the ground against the theory and assumptions often made by the international development and peace-building agencies and organisations. In doing this, he illuminates both shared goals and misunderstandings. This groundbreaking book on conflict and society in Africa will have profound repercussions for development across the world.
Book Synopsis Civil Wars in Africa by : William Mark Habeeb
Download or read book Civil Wars in Africa written by William Mark Habeeb and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2014-09-29 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1960, many African countries have been devastated by civil wars. Today, it is estimated that around 20 percent of Africas more than 1 billion people are affected, either directly or indirectly, by ongoing conflict. The widespread unrest has been a major reason the people of Africa have been unable to fully reach their potential. This book analyzes past and current conditions in Africa to shed light on the historical, cultural, governmental, religious, ethnic, and ideological factors that have caused civil wars to occur. Conflicts like the long-running war in Sudan, the unrest in Liberia and Sierra Leone, and the state failure in Somalia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo are explained. The final chapter discusses ways future civil wars might be avoided.
Book Synopsis Civil Wars in Africa by : Kelechi A. Kalu
Download or read book Civil Wars in Africa written by Kelechi A. Kalu and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-05-05 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that civil wars in Africa stem from the contradictions and crises that have been generated by the post-colonial state as the result of the adverse effects of colonialism and the failure of successive generations of African leaders to lead the process of changing the state's nature, character, and mission.
Book Synopsis Historical Dictionary of Civil Wars in Africa by : Guy Arnold
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Civil Wars in Africa written by Guy Arnold and published by Historical Dictionaries of War. This book was released on 2008 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Civil Wars in Africa reviews the wars that have occurred in Africa in the past half century: Algeria's struggle for independence from French colonial rule, Nigeria's fight to achieve a balanced state after the British departure, the Rwandan genocide of 1994, and the current ethnic cleansing in Darfur, to name only a few. It contains a chronology, a list of acronyms and abbreviations, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and cross-referenced dictionary entries on wars, conflicts, major political and military figures, and topics such as child soldiers, mercenaries, and blood diamonds."--Jacket.
Book Synopsis The Order of Genocide by : Scott Straus
Download or read book The Order of Genocide written by Scott Straus and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-19 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Award for Excellence in Government and Political Science (AAP) The Rwandan genocide has become a touchstone for debates about the causes of mass violence and the responsibilities of the international community. Yet a number of key questions about this tragedy remain unanswered: How did the violence spread from community to community and so rapidly engulf the nation? Why did individuals make decisions that led them to take up machetes against their neighbors? And what was the logic that drove the campaign of extermination? According to Scott Straus, a social scientist and former journalist in East Africa for several years (who received a Pulitzer Prize nomination for his reporting for the Houston Chronicle), many of the widely held beliefs about the causes and course of genocide in Rwanda are incomplete. They focus largely on the actions of the ruling elite or the inaction of the international community. Considerably less is known about how and why elite decisions became widespread exterminatory violence. Challenging the prevailing wisdom, Straus provides substantial new evidence about local patterns of violence, using original research—including the most comprehensive surveys yet undertaken among convicted perpetrators—to assess competing theories about the causes and dynamics of the genocide. Current interpretations stress three main causes for the genocide: ethnic identity, ideology, and mass-media indoctrination (in particular the influence of hate radio). Straus's research does not deny the importance of ethnicity, but he finds that it operated more as a background condition. Instead, Straus emphasizes fear and intra-ethnic intimidation as the primary drivers of the violence. A defensive civil war and the assassination of a president created a feeling of acute insecurity. Rwanda's unusually effective state was also central, as was the country's geography and population density, which limited the number of exit options for both victims and perpetrators. In conclusion, Straus steps back from the particulars of the Rwandan genocide to offer a new, dynamic model for understanding other instances of genocide in recent history—the Holocaust, Armenia, Cambodia, the Balkans—and assessing the future likelihood of such events.
Download or read book Rwanda Revisited written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-12-13 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by people selected for their personalized knowledge of the Rwandan genocide, Rwanda Revisited: Genocide, Civil War, and the Transformation of International Law provides a unique level of insight, detail and first-hand knowledge about the Rwandan genocide and its aftermath.
Book Synopsis Small States in an Unstable Region--Rwanda and Burundi, 1999-2000 by : Filip Reyntjens
Download or read book Small States in an Unstable Region--Rwanda and Burundi, 1999-2000 written by Filip Reyntjens and published by Nordic Africa Institute. This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is the second overview by Filip Reyntjens on present developments in Rwanda and Burundi. The first one "Talking or Fighting?" (published 1999) covered the period 1998-1999. In the new publication, questions such as governance and institutions, human rights, justice, civil wars, opposition and political dialogue in Rwanda and Burundi are investigated as well as how the regional situation, resulting from the ongoing war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, has a serious destabilizing effect on the internal situation in the two countries.
Book Synopsis Institutional Legacies, Decision Frames and Political Violence in Rwanda and Burundi by : Stacey Mitchell
Download or read book Institutional Legacies, Decision Frames and Political Violence in Rwanda and Burundi written by Stacey Mitchell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rwanda and Burundi are strikingly similar countries that underwent democratization in the early 1990s. In both, resistance to democratic reforms led to coups d’état and presidential assassinations. A conundrum arises in terms of what transpires next. In Rwanda, total genocide was perpetrated by extremist Hutu actors, including government officials, upon the country’s Tutsi and politically moderate Hutu populations. In Burundi the coup d’état failed and instead ushered in a lengthy period of civil war. This divergence in outcome is puzzling given the similarity of these two countries, and it is not adequately explained by studies that address collective violence in each. This book utilizes an integrative approach that facilitates the formation of an explanation that more fully accounts for variation in the type of collective violence that occurred in Rwanda and Burundi. Showing that political actors – during periods of major institutional change – do not all respond to or perceive reform in the exact same manner or in a necessarily rational manner, this book makes an important contribution to the literature on ethnic conflict, collective violence and democratization in Africa.
Book Synopsis The Tears of a Man Flow Inward by : Pacifique Irankunda
Download or read book The Tears of a Man Flow Inward written by Pacifique Irankunda and published by Random House. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A prizewinning young author tells the moving story of growing up during Burundi’s ethnic civil war in this powerful memoir hailed as “a jewel of a book” (Margaret MacMillan). “There’s nothing like a great love song, and Pacifique Irankunda sings a beautiful one here to his homeland and to all those who choose love even in the bleakest of times.”—Imbolo Mbue, author of Behold the Dreamers and How Beautiful We Were Pacifique Irankunda’s childhood in Burundi was marked by a thirteen-year civil war—a grueling struggle that destroyed his home, upended his family, and devastated his country’s beautiful culture. As young boys, Paci and his brother slept in the woods on nights when the shooting and violence grew too intense; they hid in tall grass and watched as military units rolled in and leveled their village. Paci’s extraordinary mother, one of the many inspiring beacons of light in this book, led her children—and others in the village—in ingenious acts of resilience through her indomitable kindness and compassion, even toward the soldiers who threatened their lives. Drawing on his own memories and those of his family, Paci tells a story of survival in a country whose rich traditions were lost to the ravages of colonialism and ethnic strife. Written in moving, lyrical prose, The Tears of a Man Flow Inward gives us an illuminating window into what it means to come of age in dark times, and an example of how, even in the midst of uncertainty, violence, and despair, light can almost always be found.
Download or read book Burundi written by Nigel Watt and published by C Hurst. This book was released on 2008 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Little known in the English-speaking world, Burundi is Rwanda's twin, a small Central African country with a complex history of ethnic tension between its Hutu and Tutsi populations that has itself experienced traumatic events, including mass killings of over 200,000 people. The country remained in a state of simmering civil war until 2004, after which Julius Nyerere and Nelson Mandela took turns as mediators in a lengthy, and eventually successful, peace process which has endowed Burundi with new institutions, including a new constitution, that led to the election of a majority Hutu government in 2005. But there are many problems still to solve apart from ethnic tensions, above all the entrenched poverty of most Burundians, which has seen it designated by NGOs as one of the most deprived countries on earth. Nigel Watt's book discusses the troubled political fortunes of this beautiful, yet disturbed country in the heart of Central Africa. He traces the origins of its political crises, sheds light on Burundi's recent history by means of interviews with leading participants and those whose lives have been affected by horrific events, and helps demystify the country's ethnic divisions.
Book Synopsis Power, Institutions, and State-building After War by : Omar McDoom
Download or read book Power, Institutions, and State-building After War written by Omar McDoom and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I examine whether and how the means through which a civil war ends affects the success of a country's state-building strategy after conflict. I show that two distinct modes of conflict termination-military victories and negotiated settlements-lead to differential long-run statebuilding outcomes and offer an explanation of the mechanism behind the divergence. In a military victory, the coercive balance-of-power at the end of war favourable to the victor enables it to dictate the post-conflict institutional design and skew power formally in its favour. In a negotiated settlement, formal power is distributed by design among multiple parties to avoid the dominance of any single actor. These differences in turn have implications for the distribution of informal power in the post-war context whose influence is exercised through private networks of party members and loyalists. Informal power becomes concentrated in the victorious party because its opponent is typically excluded from the post-conflict political process and expelled from the territory. In contrast, in negotiated settlements informal power is commonly diffuse because the inclusion of erstwhile military rivals in the political process enables the operation of multiple informal networks that then compete for influence. I suggest that when both formal and informal power become concentrated in a single actor-a militarily victorious party-power may even become hegemonic. The dominance of the victorious party is assured because the basis of its rule becomes both coercion and consent. This mutes resistance to its post-conflict agenda and, consequently, strengthens its capacity to implement its state-building strategy. I trace this causal process over a period of two decades through a controlled comparison of Rwanda and Burundi whose civil wars terminated through military victory and negotiated settlement, respectively. The findings have implications for theories of liberal peacebuilding, institutional independence, and the distribution of power in post-conflict contexts.
Book Synopsis Conflict, Reconciliation and Peace Education by : William Timpson
Download or read book Conflict, Reconciliation and Peace Education written by William Timpson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-11-27 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States occurred—causing that nation to wage wars of revenge in Afghanistan and Iraq—the people of Burundi were recovering from nearly forty years of violence, genocide and civil wars that had killed nearly one million and produced another million refugees. Here in this small East African nation, one of the four poorest nations on earth, however, was a desire for reconciliation—not revenge—and it still runs deep today. The University of Ngozi in northern Burundi was created in 1999 and is now dedicated to peace, reconciliation and sustainable development. People in this region tell remarkable stories of tragedy and recovery amid these horrors. Their stories can inspire others to preserve their humanity and resist the urge to continue the violence, focusing instead on forgiveness, reconciliation and a better way forward. This volume presents case study analysis while pointing to the promise of a new kind of education that is committed to sustainable peace and development. The lessons here for the rest of the world are deep and inspiring.
Download or read book Burundi written by Kristine Brennan and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2014-09-02 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like its neighbors Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the tiny African country of Burundi has a long history of internal violence. Members of the Hutu and Tutsi tribes have often fought for control of Burundi. In 1993, the country's first democratically elected president, a Hutu, was voted into office; his assassination a few months later sparked a civil war that resulted in more than 100,000 deaths and a million refugees. In November 2003, a peace agreement was signed that many observers hoped would end the bloodshed in Burundi. But although the peace has held for a decade, the country is still struggling to recover from its history of ethnic violence.
Book Synopsis Religion and African Civil Wars by : Niels Kastfelt
Download or read book Religion and African Civil Wars written by Niels Kastfelt and published by C. HURST & CO. PUBLISHERS. This book was released on 2005 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work analyses the part played by religion, be it Christianity, Islam or traditional beliefs, in the civil wars and insurgent conflicts that have scarred Africa.
