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Citric Acid
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Download or read book Citric Acid written by Alexander Apelblat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-04 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is devoted to different aspects associated with citric acid, inorganic citrates and their aqueous and organic solutions. It includes information about properties, occurrence and technological applications of citric acid and inorganic citrates. Phase equilibria - melting, freezing, boiling, vapour pressures, solubilities of citric acid in water, organic solvents and ternary systems are presented, correlated, and analyzed. Dynamic properties - viscosities, diffusion coefficients, electrical conductivities and surface tensions are examined. Mathematical representations of citric acid dissociation, in electrolyte solutions and in buffers are discussed. Citric acid chemistry - syntheses of citric acid, neutralization, degradation, oxidation, esterification, formation of anhydrides, amides and citrate-based siderophores is reviewed.
Book Synopsis Bioseparations Science and Engineering by : Roger G. Harrison
Download or read book Bioseparations Science and Engineering written by Roger G. Harrison and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-27 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed for undergraduates, graduate students, and industry practitioners, Bioseparations Science and Engineering fills a critical need in the field of bioseparations. Current, comprehensive, and concise, it covers bioseparations unit operations in unprecedented depth. In each of the chapters, the authors use a consistent method of explaining unit operations, starting with a qualitative description noting the significance and general application of the unit operation. They then illustrate the scientific application of the operation, develop the required mathematical theory, and finally, describe the applications of the theory in engineering practice, with an emphasis on design and scaleup. Unique to this text is a chapter dedicated to bioseparations process design and economics, in which a process simular, SuperPro Designer® is used to analyze and evaluate the production of three important biological products. New to this second edition are updated discussions of moment analysis, computer simulation, membrane chromatography, and evaporation, among others, as well as revised problem sets. Unique features include basic information about bioproducts and engineering analysis and a chapter with bioseparations laboratory exercises. Bioseparations Science and Engineering is ideal for students and professionals working in or studying bioseparations, and is the premier text in the field.
Book Synopsis Food Biotechnology—1 by : R. D. King
Download or read book Food Biotechnology—1 written by R. D. King and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotechnology in its many guises has developed very considerably over the last few years. We now feel that it is appropriate for the publication of a series of books that discuss the technical aspects of biotechnology specifically as applied to foods, and in particular concentrating on new and emerging techniques, processes and products. Food is without doubt one of the oldest bioindustries; however, some of the new areas of biotechnology, such as diagnostic and health-care applications, are likely to mature much faster than applications in the food industry. Eventually, however, biotechnology must have a very great impact on a wide scale in the food industry, simply because of the size and diversity of the industry, and because most food products are substantially natural in origin and are therefore very suitable for processing by biocatalysts. Some of the ways in which the food industry is likely to be affected by developments in biotechnology include the following: The modification of food components to give products with new and/or improved properties, for instance high fructose corn syrups, and by modifying the functional properties of proteins. New methods of assaying food constituents, such as immobilized enzyme sensors. New processes for the production of foods and food components, for instance the use of plant cell cultures for the production of flavours. Many of these topics will be described in detail in this series of books.
Book Synopsis Citric Acid Biotechnology by : Bjorn Kristiansen
Download or read book Citric Acid Biotechnology written by Bjorn Kristiansen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-04-12 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work covers citric acid fermentation methods including recent advances and approaches. The book looks at all aspects of the fermentation process and should be of interest to those working in biotechnology, microbiology and biochemistry.
Book Synopsis Concepts of Biology by : Samantha Fowler
Download or read book Concepts of Biology written by Samantha Fowler and published by . This book was released on 2018-01-07 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concepts of Biology is designed for the single-semester introduction to biology course for non-science majors, which for many students is their only college-level science course. As such, this course represents an important opportunity for students to develop the necessary knowledge, tools, and skills to make informed decisions as they continue with their lives. Rather than being mired down with facts and vocabulary, the typical non-science major student needs information presented in a way that is easy to read and understand. Even more importantly, the content should be meaningful. Students do much better when they understand why biology is relevant to their everyday lives. For these reasons, Concepts of Biology is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand.We also strive to show the interconnectedness of topics within this extremely broad discipline. In order to meet the needs of today's instructors and students, we maintain the overall organization and coverage found in most syllabi for this course. A strength of Concepts of Biology is that instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Concepts of Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand--and apply--key concepts.
Download or read book Biochemistry written by J. Stenesh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is intended for an introductory course in bio metabolism concludes with photosynthesis. The last sec chemistry. While such a course draws students from vari tion of the book, Part IV, TRANSFER OF GENETIC INFOR ous curricula, all students are presumed to have had at MATION, also opens with an introductory chapter and then least general chemistry and one semester of organic chem explores the expression of genetic information. Replica istry. tion, transcription, and translation are covered in this or My main goal in writing this book was to provide stu der. To allow for varying student backgrounds and for pos sible needed refreshers, a number of topics are included as dents with a basic body of biochemical knowledge and a thorough exposition of fundamental biochemical con four appendixes. These cover acid-base calculations, principles of cepts, including full definitions of key terms. My aim has of organic chemistry, tools biochemistry, and been to present this material in a reasonably balanced oxidation-reduction reactions. form by neither deluging central topics with excessive de Each chapter includes a summary, a list of selected tail nor slighting secondary topics by extreme brevity. readings, and a comprehensive study section that consists Every author of an introductory text struggles with of three types of review questions and a large number of the problem of what to include in the coverage. My guide problems.
Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of The Cell by : Bruce Alberts
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Citric Acid written by Dominic A. Vargas and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the synthesis, properties and applications of citric acid. Some of the topics discussed include fungal and yeast production of citric acid; mitochondrial production and applications in food and pharmaceutical industries; synthesis of the CuO/CeO2 catalytic system by polymerisation with citric acid; citric acid as a useful tool in artificial enamel formation and regeneration; the impact of citrate on glycolysis in brain tumours and applications of citrus fruits and their extracts for detection of food poisoning caused by bacteria.
Book Synopsis Global Price Fixing by : John M. Connor
Download or read book Global Price Fixing written by John M. Connor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some books get written, others write themselves. This book is the latter type. I have devoted myselfto studying the economic organization of industries related to food and agriculture for almost twenty-five years. It has been my good fortune to work at places that tolerated my gadfly approach to research. So long as I produced a few publications each year and wooed a few graduate students to share those interests, I was free to pursue an array of topics: why firms diversifY, the competitive role of advertising, strategies for selling in overseas markets, measuring market power, and many others. Although firmly anchored in the eclectic analytical framework of industrial economics and focused on the food system, I traversed a wide field at will. Some years ago, I had pretty much convinced myself that naked price fixing was not a high priority for scholarship in these industries. True, collusion was rife in a few food industries, such as bid-rigging among suppliers of fluid milk to school districts in isolated rural districts. Ripping off milk money from school children is reprehensible enough, but the size of the economic losses from localized price fixing paled besides other sources of imperfect competition.
Book Synopsis Modern Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology by : Nduka Okafor
Download or read book Modern Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology written by Nduka Okafor and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of industrial microbiology involves a thorough knowledge of the microbial physiology behind the processes in the large-scale, profit-oriented production of microbe-related goods which are the subject of the field. In recent times a paradigm shift has occurred, and a molecular understanding of the various processes by which plants, animals and microorganisms are manipulated is now central to industrial microbiology. Thus the various applications of industrial microbiology are covered broadly, with emphasis on the physiological and genomic principles behind these applications. Relevance of the new elements such as bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, site-directed mutation and metabolic engineering, which have necessitated the paradigm shift in industrial microbiology are discussed.
Book Synopsis Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology by : Ghasem Najafpour
Download or read book Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology written by Ghasem Najafpour and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-02-24 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, outlines the principles of biochemical processes and explains their use in the manufacturing of every day products. The author uses a diirect approach that should be very useful for students in following the concepts and practical applications. This book is unique in having many solved problems, case studies, examples and demonstrations of detailed experiments, with simple design equations and required calculations. Covers major concepts of biochemical engineering and biotechnology, including applications in bioprocesses, fermentation technologies, enzymatic processes, and membrane separations, amongst others Accessible to chemical engineering students who need to both learn, and apply, biological knowledge in engineering principals Includes solved problems, examples, and demonstrations of detailed experiments with simple design equations and all required calculations Offers many graphs that present actual experimental data, figures, and tables, along with explanations
Download or read book Citric Acid written by Douglas Sackett and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Citric acid is traditionally produced by fermentation of moulds since the beginning of the 20th century. However, its overall demand continually increases due to its very widespread applications ranging from traditional food use to more specific pharmaceutical and more recent biopolymer uses. Therefore the production of citric acid is also continually improved involving the most recent tools and techniques of the field. This book discusses the metabolism of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger; biotechnological productions of citric acid; citrus fruits compounds and ageing; occurrence and metabolism of citric acid by lactic acid bacteria from fruits and fermented beverages; and citric acid treatment of cancer.
Book Synopsis The Chemical Industry in Europe, 1850–1914 by : Ernst Homburg
Download or read book The Chemical Industry in Europe, 1850–1914 written by Ernst Homburg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-10-31 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Europe is the cradle of the modem international chemical industry. From the middle of the nineteenth century until the outbreak of World War I, the European chemical industry influenced not only the production and control of science and technology, but also made significant contributions towards economic development, as well as bringing about profound changes in working and living enviromnents. It is a highly complex heritage, both rich and threatening, that calls for close scrutinity. Fortunately, a unique opportunity to explore the historical development of the European chemical industry from a variety of novel standpoints, was made possible during 1993 as part of the European Science Foundation (ESF) programme called 'The Evolution of Chemistry in Europe, 1789-1939.' This process of exploration has taken place through three workshops, each dealing with different time periods. The workshop concerned with the period 1850-1914, which corresponds roughly to the so-called Second Industrial Revolution, was held in Maastricht, The Netherlands, on 23-25 March 1995. This volume is the outcome of that workshop. The other workshops dealing with European chemical industry were held in Liege in 1994, covering the First Industrial Revolution period, 1789-1850, and Strasbourg in 1996, covering the period between the two World Wars.
Book Synopsis Citric Acid Cycle by : John M. Lowenstein
Download or read book Citric Acid Cycle written by John M. Lowenstein and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Isolation screening and selection of Aspergillus niger cultures for citric acid fermentation by : Prem Jose Vazhacharickal
Download or read book Isolation screening and selection of Aspergillus niger cultures for citric acid fermentation written by Prem Jose Vazhacharickal and published by Prem Jose. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study deal with the isolation, screening and selection of Aspergillus niger cultures for citric acid fermentation. The organism was isolated from onion and garlic peels which were collected from local market. Pour plate method using Czapak Dos Agar medium was used for isolation. The agar plates were incubated at room temperature for 7 days. Maximum sporulation were obtained and then stored in a refrigerator at 4°C for maintenance and further screening for citric acid fermentation. The cultural conditions and nutritional requirements for citric acid production by the selected culture were optimized in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks by submerged mould culture technique prior to scale up studies in a stirred fermenter. Two types of fermentation were succeeded they are solid and submerged state fermentation. In solid state fermentation basal medium for citric acid production were prepared in 7 conical flasks of about 100 ml each containing 30 g of samples like wastes of apple, pineapple, carrot, beetroot, sugarcane, mosambi and grape and whereas in submerged state fermentation basal medium. The basal medium for citric acid production were prepared in 2 conical flask of about 100 ml each containing 15 ml of samples like date syrup and sugarcane juice were added in 2 conical flasks and 3.5 g of corn flour was also taken in separate flask containing the same amount of basal medium. These samples were then sterilized in an autoclave for 121°C for 15 lbs at 15 mins. These samples were cooled down and were inoculated with Aspergillus niger isolates which were obtained from Czapak Dos Agar medium. These flasks were then kept for incubation at room temperature for further studies. This comparative study of citric acid production in various medium were studied at each intervals up to 14 days of incubation. Pineapple and date syrup have shown an extreme citric acid production when compared to other samples.
Book Synopsis Citric Acid and Certain Citrate Salts from Canada and China, Invs. 701-TA-456 and 731-TA-1151-1152 (Final) by :
Download or read book Citric Acid and Certain Citrate Salts from Canada and China, Invs. 701-TA-456 and 731-TA-1151-1152 (Final) written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Citric Acid and Sodium Citrate from China, Inv. 731-TA-863 (Preliminary) by :
Download or read book Citric Acid and Sodium Citrate from China, Inv. 731-TA-863 (Preliminary) written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
