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Chemical Looping Process For Direct Conversion Of Solid Fuels In Situ Co2 Capture
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Book Synopsis Chemical Looping Process for Direct Conversion of Solid Fuels In-situ CO2 Capture by : Hyung Rae Kim
Download or read book Chemical Looping Process for Direct Conversion of Solid Fuels In-situ CO2 Capture written by Hyung Rae Kim and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: With the ever escalating demand for power generation, CO2 emission from coal-fired power plants is becoming a growing environmental concern. In order to reduce the CO2 emissions from the energy conversion processes, carbon capture techniques have been developed, such as a chemical absorption process for CO2 capture using MEA solvent, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and oxy-combustion capture. However, the parasitic energy required for these methods to produce a concentrated, sequesterable CO2 stream significantly mitigates their economic feasibility.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Solid Fuel Conversion in the Chemical Looping Process by : Dennis Wayne McOwen
Download or read book Investigation of Solid Fuel Conversion in the Chemical Looping Process written by Dennis Wayne McOwen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The high energy density and abundance of coal along with the sustainability of biomass make them favorable fuels for energy production. However, the combustion of carbon-based fuels inevitably results in the production of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2). To avert climate change and comply with likely future regulations for greenhouse gas emissions, the CO2 byproduct must be efficiently captured. Unfortunately, existing carbon capture methods result in significant decreases in plant efficiency and significant increases in capital and operating costs. The Coal-Direct Chemical Looping (CDCL) is an energy conversion process for coal/biomass that can separate the CO2 stream in-situ by utilizing iron oxide composite particles as oxygen carriers. Using this method, the iron oxide particles provide crucial oxygen to the coal instead of air, which is the key strategy to the process. The cycling of the iron oxide particles allows for efficient and total carbon capture, therefore ensuring the sustainability and economic viability of carbon-fueled power. Although biomass also produces CO2 upon combustion, it also absorbs CO2 as it is grown. Therefore, biomass can be utilized as a replacement for coal and further improve the sustainability of the process by making it carbon negative. The objective of this study is to investigate the enhancement of char and iron particle conversion with CO2, design a mechanism for particle transfer from the reducer to the combustor, and perform a preliminary assessment of the potential of biomass in the CDCL process. The main obstacle for CDCL is the conversion of coal char because the reaction between the metal oxide and the char is a slow solid-solid reaction. CO2 was found to help gasify the char and significantly increase the rate of reaction. In fact, in the experiments performed in this study, the addition of CO2 increased the amount of char reacted twofold. Furthermore, mixtures between 50% and 70% metal oxide with char were found to increase the char conversion the most compared to other mixtures. These mixtures increased the amount of char reacted 2-5 times, depending on the type of coal used. Ease of coal fluidization was found to be independent of the amount of metal oxide particles; however addition of 80-100% by mass of an inert particle was required in order to fluidize the biomass. A cold model of the reactor was constructed in order to study the gas-solid hydrodynamics and to design the most controllable method of handling solid fuels and oxygen carriers in the system. A design with high resistance and constant flow was selected based on experiments performed on the cold model. The results obtained by this study prove the capabilities of the CDCL process and will allow it to continue towards the scale up to a sub-pilot demonstration.
Book Synopsis Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Combustion Process for In-situ Carbon Dioxide Capture - Operational Experience of Integrated 25-kWth Sub-pilot Scale Unit by : Hyung Rae Kim
Download or read book Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Combustion Process for In-situ Carbon Dioxide Capture - Operational Experience of Integrated 25-kWth Sub-pilot Scale Unit written by Hyung Rae Kim and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: At Ohio State University (OSU), the Coal-Direct Chemical Looping (CDCL) process using iron-based oxygen carriers has been developed as a coal conversion process for electric power generation with in-situ CO2 capture. The CDCL system cycles iron-based oxygen carriers between three reactors, i.e. reducer, combustor and riser, in order to convert the coal for electric power generation. The reducer reactor features a unique design of a gas-solid counter-current moving bed configuration to achieve the reduction of Fe2O3 particles to a mixture of Fe and FeO, while fully converting the coal into CO2 and steam. The CO2 stream from the reducer is sequestration-ready after the steam condensation. The combustor reactor is a fluidized bed that oxidizes the reduced particles back to Fe2O3 with air. The oxidation reaction of iron with air is a highly exothermic reaction and the heat can be recovered for electricity generation. Lastly, the oxidized iron particles in the combustor are pneumatically transported back to the reducer through the riser. The 25-kWth CDCL sub-pilot unit was successfully operated with metallurgical coke, lignite and sub-bituminous coal. The 25-kWth CDCL sub-pilot plant at OSU is the first integrated chemical looping demonstration unit for the direct conversion of solid fuels with a circulating moving bed system. Throughout a number of test runs of the sub-pilot unit, the total operation time has exceeded 430 hours to date. The longest continuous operation time was 200 hours with voluntary shut-down. Among these test runs, the results for two runs are reported in this Dissertation. Specifically, the tests with metallurgical coke and sub-bituminous coal resulted in 81% and 97% carbon conversions in the reducer with once-through, respectively. The units can be further optimized to yield a full carbon conversion in the reducer. Both tests yielded CO2 purity greater than 99% indicating the complete oxidation of volatile gases in the moving bed reducer. The gas analyses from the combustor outlet demonstrated a proper regeneration of oxygen carriers. Low CO2 concentration in the combustor confirmed no unconverted carbon transfer to the combustor and hence eliminated the need of an additional carbon separation device such as a carbon stripper. It was also confirmed the non-mechanical L-valve is practical in the application of CDCL process. Additionally, the emissions of sulfur and NOx were analyzed. The demonstration results from the sub-pilot system substantiate the process concept of the CDCL, which is capable of processing coal continuously with reactor in-situ CO2 capture and the cyclic usage of oxygen carriers.
Book Synopsis Chemical Looping Systems for Fossil Energy Conversions by : Liang-Shih Fan
Download or read book Chemical Looping Systems for Fossil Energy Conversions written by Liang-Shih Fan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-02-14 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the current carbonaceous fuel conversion technologies based on chemical looping concepts in the context of traditional or conventional technologies. The key features of the chemical looping processes, their ability to generate a sequestration-ready CO2 stream, are thoroughly discussed. Chapter 2 is devoted entirely to the performance of particles in chemical looping technology and covers the subjects of solid particle design, synthesis, properties, and reactive characteristics. The looping processes can be applied for combustion and/or gasification of carbon-based material such as coal, natural gas, petroleum coke, and biomass directly or indirectly for steam, syngas, hydrogen, chemicals, electricity, and liquid fuels production. Details of the energy conversion efficiency and the economics of these looping processes for combustion and gasification applications in contrast to those of the conventional processes are given in Chapters 3, 4, and 5.Finally, Chapter 6 presents additional chemical looping applications that are potentially beneficial, including those for H2 storage and onboard H2 production, CO2 capture in combustion flue gas, power generation using fuel cell, steam-methane reforming, tar sand digestion, and chemicals and liquid fuel production. A CD is appended to this book that contains the chemical looping simulation files and the simulation results based on the ASPEN Plus software for such reactors as gasifier, reducer, oxidizer and combustor, and for such processes as conventional gasification processes, Syngas Chemical Looping Process, Calcium Looping Process, and Carbonation-Calcination Reaction (CCR) Process. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.
Book Synopsis Calcium and Chemical Looping Technology for Power Generation and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture by : Paul Fennell
Download or read book Calcium and Chemical Looping Technology for Power Generation and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture written by Paul Fennell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-05-21 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calcium and Chemical Looping Technology for Power Generation and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture reviews the fundamental principles, systems, oxygen carriers, and carbon dioxide carriers relevant to chemical looping and combustion. Chapters review the market development, economics, and deployment of these systems, also providing detailed information on the variety of materials and processes that will help to shape the future of CO2 capture ready power plants. Reviews the fundamental principles, systems, oxygen carriers, and carbon dioxide carriers relevant to calcium and chemical looping Provides a lucid explanation of advanced concepts and developments in calcium and chemical looping, high pressure systems, and alternative CO2 carriers Presents information on the market development, economics, and deployment of these systems
Book Synopsis Handbook of Chemical Looping Technology by : Ronald W. Breault
Download or read book Handbook of Chemical Looping Technology written by Ronald W. Breault and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-01-22 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive and up-to-date handbook on this highly topical field, covering everything from new process concepts to commercial applications. Describing novel developments as well as established methods, the authors start with the evaluation of different oxygen carriers and subsequently illuminate various technological concepts for the energy conversion process. They then go on to discuss the potential for commercial applications in gaseous, coal, and fuel combustion processes in industry. The result is an invaluable source for every scientist in the field, from inorganic chemists in academia to chemical engineers in industry.
Book Synopsis Development of Chemical Looping Combustion Technology for Energy Application - Process Modeling, Experimental Aspect, and Exergy Analysis by : Yitao Zhang
Download or read book Development of Chemical Looping Combustion Technology for Energy Application - Process Modeling, Experimental Aspect, and Exergy Analysis written by Yitao Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rising concern of climate change, extensive research has been conducted in recent years on the mitigation of global warming. Greenhouse gas emissions are considered as the key driver of global warming. Among the various greenhouse gases, CO2 is the major contributor to the greenhouse effect. Therefore, mitigation of CO2 emission is the key to address global warming. Chemical looping is an energy conversion technology that can directly produce a concentrated CO2 stream, ready for sequestration and utilization, without the need for an individual CO2 separation step, and thus, has the potential to drastically reduce the energy consumption and cost associated with CO2 capture in carbonaceous fuel energy conversion systems. In this dissertation, process modeling and analysis are conducted on solid fuel power production processes to quantify the energy penalty and exergy losses associated with CO2 capture technologies, including state-of-the-art solvent-based CO2 absorption, oxy-combustion using high purity oxygen, and chemical looping combustion technology. Following the comparison of various power production processes using solid fuel with and without CO2 capture, a comprehensive analysis is performed to investigate the effect of varying operation conditions on the performance of chemical looping combustion reactor system. The coal-direct chemical looping process is a chemical looping combustion technology using moving bed reducer configuration that can directly use coal as the feedstock without requiring upstream gasification steps. An integrated 250 kWth coal-direct chemical looping pilot unit using iron-based oxygen carriers has been constructed and demonstrated for long-term continuous operations. The principles for the design and operation of the primary reactor system are discussed in this dissertation. The results of a successful 288-hour continuous demonstration with pulverized bituminous coal are reported. The results from the pilot unit highlight the concept of the chemical looping combustion process as a promising solid fuel combustion technology with CO2 capture. To investigate chemical looping technology for hydrogen production, process simulation and analysis is performed on two distinct configurations for chemical looping H2 generation process. The simulation results of two chemical looping H2 generation configurations are compared with the conventional steam-methane reforming system to underscore the attractiveness of the chemical looping configurations.
Book Synopsis Chemical Looping Partial Oxidation by : Liang-Shih Fan
Download or read book Chemical Looping Partial Oxidation written by Liang-Shih Fan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive guide to the principles and techniques of chemical looping partial oxidation. With authoritative explanations from a pioneer of the chemical looping process, you will: • Gain a holistic overview of metal oxide reaction engineering, with coverage of ionic diffusion, nanostructure formation, morphological evolution, phase equilibrium, and recyclability properties of metal oxides during redox reactions • Learn about the gasification of solid fuels, the reforming of natural gas, and the catalytic conversion of methane to olefins • Understand the importance of reactor design and process integration in enabling metal oxide oxygen carriers to produce desired products • Discover other applications of catalytic metal oxides, including the production of maleic anhydride and solar energy conversions Aspen Plus® simulation software and results accompany the book online. This is an invaluable reference for researchers and industry professionals in the fields of chemical, energy and environmental engineering, and students studying process design and optimization.
Book Synopsis Multiphase Reactor Engineering for Clean and Low-Carbon Energy Applications by : Yi Cheng
Download or read book Multiphase Reactor Engineering for Clean and Low-Carbon Energy Applications written by Yi Cheng and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-02-21 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive review on the brand-new development of several multiphase reactor techniques applied in energy-related processes Explains the fundamentals of multiphase reactors as well as the sophisticated applications Helps the reader to understand the key problems and solutions of clean coal conversion techniques Details the emerging processes for novel refining technology, clean coal conversion techniques, low-cost hydrogen productions and CO2 capture and storage Introduces current energy-related processes and links the basic principles of emerging processes to the features of multiphase reactors providing an overview of energy conversion in combination with multiphase reactor engineering Includes case studies of novel reactors to illustrate the special features of these reactors
Book Synopsis Investigation of Chemical Looping Oxygen Carriers and Processes for Hydrocarbon Oxidation and Selective Alkane Oxidation to Chemicals by : Elena Yin-Yin Chung
Download or read book Investigation of Chemical Looping Oxygen Carriers and Processes for Hydrocarbon Oxidation and Selective Alkane Oxidation to Chemicals written by Elena Yin-Yin Chung and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to overcome these process limitations, the chemical looping technology platform presents an attractive opportunity to convert hydrocarbons to flexible products utilizing intermediate oxygen carriers rather than gaseous co-fed oxidants. This study compares the traditional co-feed approach to the chemical looping approach for selectively controlling both the OCM and selective n-butane oxidation reactions with a focus on overcoming the technical issues that prevented these processes from achieving commercial application. These experimental results are used in process simulations in order to model and compare the theoretical commercial co-feed system with the commercial chemical looping system. For example, previous work demonstrated that pressure and steam have an effect on methane conversion and C2+ selectivity with the OCM co-feed and chemical looping processes. Initial simulations demonstrate that with proper heat integration, the OCM chemical looping process exhibits promising reactor and process operations for an alternative direct approach to utilize methane. The processes demonstrate that the application of chemical looping can be used as a novel and efficient approach for the conversion of hydrocarbons, especially alkanes, to electricity with CO2 capture, syngas and chemicals. With the emerging challenge of climate change and the continued escalation of energy demands, innovative and flexible fuel conversion technologies are necessary and gaining recognition. Chemical looping technologies have the potential to not only reduce energy costs, but also to mitigate carbon emissions. Historically, the general concept of this reduction-oxidation mechanism has been suggested, but the process was never commercialized. Recent interests in carbon capture techniques have revitalized the adaptive chemical looping system. Chemical looping technologies can utilize both gaseous and solid fuels such as natural gas and coal, respectively, for power, hydrogen or chemical generation. However, the success of technological adoption requires a thorough understanding of the types of chemical looping techniques, the design considerations, and the reactor modes of configurations.
Book Synopsis Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion by : Sonil Nanda
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion written by Sonil Nanda and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-07-28 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion: Advanced Materials and Process provides information about the fundamental principles and recent development of various methods and processes for CO2 mitigation and transformation. Beginning with a brief overview of recent advancements in CO2 capture and valorization technologies, the book elaborates on CO2 capture and conversion by covering nanoporous materials, biomaterials, innovative solvents, advanced membrane technology, nanocatalyst synthesis and design, cutting-edge characterization techniques as well as reaction mechanisms and kinetics. In addition to techno-economic evaluation and life-cycle assessment for CO2 capture and conversion processes, future perspectives, opportunities and current challenges regarding these processes in terms of their industrial applications, are systematically discussed. Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion: Advanced Materials and Process is, therefore, an essential resource for academic researchers, postgraduates, scientists, and engineers seeking fundamental knowledge and practical applications for use in their research and development, studies and industrial operations. Includes recent developments in nanomaterials and advanced processes implemented for CO2 capture and conversion Contains state-of-the-art CO2 capture and conversion technology written by leading experts Offers advanced techniques of nanomaterials synthesis, characterization, evaluation, and industrial implementation in a wide range of CO2 capture and conversion processes
Book Synopsis CO2 Separation, Purification and Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels by : Franz Winter
Download or read book CO2 Separation, Purification and Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels written by Franz Winter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the recent research on the separation, purification and downstream utilization of CO2 and other flue gases. Chapters include a detailed discussion on the purification and further conversion of CO2 to commodity chemicals and fuels. With contributions from renowned researchers in the field, the book focuses on the current challenges of catalytic high-pressure chemical conversion and biochemical conversion into high-value products. This book is of interest to researchers, professionals, and students working on carbon capture and sequestration, and is a valuable resource for policy makers and government agents working on guidelines and frameworks for carbon capture and reuse.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309484529 Total Pages :511 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.
Book Synopsis Advances in Bioenergy and Microfluidic Applications by : Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Download or read book Advances in Bioenergy and Microfluidic Applications written by Mohammad Reza Rahimpour and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since fossil fuels suffer from dangerous side effects for the environment and their resources are limited, bioenergy attracted many attentions in various aspects as an alternative solution. Therefore, increasing number of researches are conducted every year and the processes updated frequently to make them more economic and industrially beneficial. Advances in Bioenergy and Microfluidic Applications reviews recent developments in this field and covers various advanced bio-applications, which rarely are reviewed elsewhere. The chapters are started from converting biomass to valuable products and continues with applications of biomass in water-treatment, novel sorbents and membranes, refineries, microfluidic devices and etc. The book covers various routes for gaining bioenergy from biomass. Their composition, carbon contents, heat production capacities and other important factors are reviewed in details in different chapters. Then, the processes for upgrading them directly and indirectly (using metabolic engineering and ultrasonic devices) to various fuels are explained. Each process is reviewed both technically and economically and the product analysis is given. Besides, the effect of various catalysts on increasing selectivity and productivity are taken into account. Biofuels are compared with fossil fuels and challenges in the way of bioenergy production are explained. Moreover, advanced bio-applications in membranes, adsorption, waste water treatment, microfluidic devices and etc. are introduced. This book provides a good insight about such bioprocesses and microfluidics devices for researchers, students, professors and related departments and industries that care about energy resources and curious about recent advances in related methods and technologies. Despite other books which review biomass chemistry and conversion, the current book emphasize on the application of biomass in the mentioned areas. Therefore, one can gain a better and more comprehensive insight by reading the book. Describes energy production from biomass, biomass conversion, their advantages and limitations Describes the application of biomass in membranes, sorbents, water-treatment, refineries, and microfluidic devices Offers a future outlook of bioenergy production and possibility to apply in the industries
Book Synopsis Capture of CO2 from Solid Fuels Using Chemical-looping Combustion and Chemical-looping with Oxygen Uncoupling by : Henrik Leion
Download or read book Capture of CO2 from Solid Fuels Using Chemical-looping Combustion and Chemical-looping with Oxygen Uncoupling written by Henrik Leion and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Hydrogen Economy by : Michael Ball
Download or read book The Hydrogen Economy written by Michael Ball and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-24 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the opportunities and the challenges of introducing hydrogen as alternative transport fuel from an economic, technical and environmental point of view. Through its multi-disciplinary approach the book provides researchers, decision makers and policy makers with a solid and wide-ranging knowledge base concerning the hydrogen economy.
Book Synopsis Solid Fuels Combustion and Gasification by : Marcio L. de Souza-Santos
Download or read book Solid Fuels Combustion and Gasification written by Marcio L. de Souza-Santos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-06-07 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging the gap between theory and application, this reference demonstrates the operational mechanisms, modeling, and simulation of equipment for the combustion and gasification of solid fuels. Solid Fuels Combustion and Gasification: Modeling, Simulation, and Equipment Operation clearly illustrates procedures to improve and optimize the de
