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Chemical Aspects Of Actinides In The Geosphere
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Book Synopsis Chemical Aspects of Actinides in the Geosphere by :
Download or read book Chemical Aspects of Actinides in the Geosphere written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete understanding of actinide interactions in the geosphere is paramount for developing a rational Nuclear and Environmental Materials Management Policy. One of the key challenges towards understanding the fate and transport of actinides is determining their speciation (i.e., oxidation state and structure). Since an element's speciation directly dictates physical properties such as toxicity and solubility, this information is critical for evaluating and controlling the evolution of an actinide element through the environment. Specific areas within nuclear and environmental management programs where speciation is important are (1) waste processing and separations; (2) wasteform materials for long-term disposition; and (3) aqueous geochemistry. The goal of this project was to develop Actinide X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (U S) as a core capability at LLNL and integrate it with existing facilities, providing a multi-technique approach to actinide speciation. XAS is an element-specific structural probe which determines the oxidation state and structure for most atoms. XAS can be more incisive than other spectroscopies because it originates from an atomic process and the information is always attainable, regardless of an element's speciation. Despite the utility, XAS is relatively complex due to the need for synchrotron radiation and significant expertise with data acquisition and analysis. The coupling of these technical hurdles with the safe handling of actinides at a general user synchrotron facility such as the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRL) make such experiments even more difficult. As a result, XAS has been underutilized by programs that could benefit by its application. We achieved our project goals by implementing key state-of-the-art Actinide XAS instrumentation at SSRL (Ge detector and remote positioning equipment), and by determining the chemical speciation of actinides (Th, U, and Np) in aqueous solutions, wasteform cements, and with geologic materials. The results provide a rational scientific basis for ongoing DOE projects involving nuclear and environmental materials challenges. Future LLNL projects will utilize the Actinide XAS expertise to characterize actinides in important chemical systems, while continuing to improve the XAS capabilities to study metallic alloys, cryogenic sample conditions, and lower analyte concentrations.
Book Synopsis The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (Set Vol.1-6) by : L.R. Morss
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (Set Vol.1-6) written by L.R. Morss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-21 with total page 4511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth edition of "The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements" comprises all chapters in volumes 1 through 5 of the third edition (published in 2006) plus a new volume 6. To remain consistent with the plan of the first edition, “ ... to provide a comprehensive and uniform treatment of the chemistry of the actinide [and transactinide] elements for both the nuclear technologist and the inorganic and physical chemist,” and to be consistent with the maturity of the field, the fourth edition is organized in three parts. The first group of chapters follows the format of the first and second editions with chapters on individual elements or groups of elements that describe and interpret their chemical properties. A chapter on the chemical properties of the transactinide elements follows. The second group, chapters 15-26, summarizes and correlates physical and chemical properties that are in general unique to the actinide elements, because most of these elements contain partially-filled shells of 5f electrons whether present as isolated atoms or ions, as metals, as compounds, or as ions in solution. The third group, chapters 27-39, focuses on specialized topics that encompass contemporary fields related to actinides in the environment, in the human body, and in storage or wastes. Two appendices at the end of volume 5 tabulate important nuclear properties of all actinide and transactinide isotopes. Volume 6 (Chapters 32 through 39) consists of new chapters that focus on actinide species in the environment, actinide waste forms, nuclear fuels, analytical chemistry of plutonium, actinide chalcogenide and hydrothermal synthesis of actinide compounds. The subject and author indices and list of contributors encompass all six volumes.
Book Synopsis Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere by :
Download or read book Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Actinides and the Environment by : P.A. Sterne
Download or read book Actinides and the Environment written by P.A. Sterne and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-02-28 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The handling of actinides and actinide-based materials provides significant technological challenges due to the toxicity and radioactivity associated with these materials. These challenges are particularly apparent in the nuclear power industry. Under normal operation, a reactor can produce a significant amount of spent fuel requiring subsequent containment for geologic times, and under accident conditions it can release lethal doses of radioactive material to the environment. Inevitably, radioactive material will enter the environment, necessitating as complete an understanding as possible of its behavior. An understanding of the interaction between actinides and the environment must be based on a knowledge of their basic physical and chemical properties. To date, although there is general agreement on the principles for waste disposal, no facility has been built for the long term disposal of high level radioactive waste from either normal reactor operations or from accidental catastrophes. This makes it most important for the scientific and technical community to develop the necessary cross-disciplinary understanding that will help us implement safe and secure waste management, accident remediation and accident prevention systems.
Book Synopsis The Actinide Elements by : Glenn Theodore Seaborg
Download or read book The Actinide Elements written by Glenn Theodore Seaborg and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction / by G.T. Seaborg -- The chemistry of actinium / by F.T. Hagemann -- Nuclear properties of uranium, protactinium, and thorium isotopes / by L.I. Katzin -- The chemistry of thorium / by L.I. Katzin -- The chemistry of protactinium / by R.E. Elson -- The chemistry of uranium / by H.R. Hoekstra and J.J. Katz -- Nuclear properties of the plutonium isotopes / by G.T. Seaborg -- Oxidation states, potentials, equilibria, and oxidation-reduction reactions of plutonium / by R.E. Connick -- Ionic and molecular species of plutonium in solutions / by J.C. Hindman -- Preparation and properties of the compounds of plutonium / by B.B. Cunningham -- Nuclear properties of the neptunium isotopes / by G.T. Seaborg -- The chemistry of neptunium / by B.B. Cunningham and J.C. Hindman -- Nuclear properties of the transplutonium nuclides / by G.T. Seaborg -- The chemistry of the transplutonium elements / by L. Perlman and K. Street Jr. -- Radiochemical separation of the actinide elements / by E.K. Hyde -- Radiochemical assay by alpha and fission measurements / by A.H. Jaffey -- Correlation of properties as actinide transition series / by G.T. Seaborg -- Crystal chemistry of the 5f elements / by W.H. Zachariasen -- Optical properties of some compounds of uranium, plutonium, and related elements / by E. Staritzky and A.L. Truitt -- Slow-neutron and spontaneous-fission properties of heavy nuclei / by J.R. Huizenga, W.M. Manning, and G.T. Seaborg.
Book Synopsis Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere by :
Download or read book Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Chemistry of the Actinides by : S. Ahrland
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Actinides written by S. Ahrland and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of the Actinides contains selected chapters from the Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry to meet the needs of certain specialists in this field. The book describes the 14 elements after actinium in the Periodic Table, known as the actinide elements or the 5f transition series. The book notes the occurrence, separation, chemical properties, chemical structures, and preparation of the metals. In a discussion of analytical chemistry, the radioactive properties of the actinides and the lanthanides are compared. The text then describes the nuclear or radiochemical records and chemical properties of the different members of the actinide series such as thorium, uranium, plutonium, and einsteinium. The book also explains the differences between the 5f shell and the 4f shell. One paper then discusses the groups of alloy compounds, including rare earths and intra-actinides. Another paper examines the general properties of actinide ions as to their electronic structure and oxidation states; the stability and preparation of the different oxidation states; and the applicability of solvent extraction in separating and purifying various substances. The text is suitable for researchers in organic chemistry, nuclear and atomic physicists, scientists, and academicians whose work involves radioactive materials.
Book Synopsis Chemistry and migration behaviour of actinides and fission products in the geosphere : proceedings of the Fifth International Conference in Saint-Malo (France), 10-15 September 1995 by : International Conference on Chemistry
Download or read book Chemistry and migration behaviour of actinides and fission products in the geosphere : proceedings of the Fifth International Conference in Saint-Malo (France), 10-15 September 1995 written by International Conference on Chemistry and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of the Actinides by : Arthur J. Freeman
Download or read book Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of the Actinides written by Arthur J. Freeman and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last 20 years actinide research has presented unique challenges both for experimentalists and theorists. Their uniqueness stems not only from their nuclear properties, which since the early 1940's have led to their important role in nuclear energy and nuclear technology, but also from their unusual chemical and physical properties which have added new excitement and discoveries to both these disciplines. Containing comprehensive, critical, broad and up to date reviews covering both the physics and chemistry of these exotic elements the Handbook is primarily directed at and a must for those active in the field. It will also be invaluable to those about to enter or marginally interested in this field.
Book Synopsis The Chemistry of the Actinide Elements by : G.T. Seaborg
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Actinide Elements written by G.T. Seaborg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 905 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this work appeared almost thirty years ago, when, as we can see in retrospect, the study of the actinide elements was in its first bloom. Although the broad features of the chemistry of the actinide elements were by then quite well delineated, the treatment of the subject in the first edition was of necessity largely descriptive in nature. A detailed understanding of the chemical consequences of the characteristic presence of Sf electrons in most of the members of the actinide series was still for the future, and many of the systematic features of the actinide elements were only dimly apprehended. In the past thirty years all this has changed. The application of new spectroscopic techniques, which came into general use during this period, and new theoretical insights, which came from a better understanding of chemical bonding, inorganic chemistry, and solid state phenomena, were among the important factors that led to a great expansion and maturation in actinide element research and a large number of new and important findings. The first edition consisted of a serial description of the individual actinide elements, with a single chapter devoted to the six heaviest elements (lawrencium, the heaviest actinide, was yet to be discovered). Less than 15 % of the text was devoted to a consideration of the systematics of the actinide elements.
Book Synopsis Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere by :
Download or read book Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed., Volumes 1-5) by : L.R. Morss
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed., Volumes 1-5) written by L.R. Morss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-31 with total page 4059 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements is a contemporary and definitive compilation of chemical properties of all of the actinide elements, especially of the technologically important elements uranium and plutonium, as well as the transactinide elements. In addition to the comprehensive treatment of the chemical properties of each element, ion, and compound from atomic number 89 (actinium) through to 109 (meitnerium), this multi-volume work has specialized and definitive chapters on electronic theory, optical and laser fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, organoactinide chemistry, thermodynamics, magnetic properties, the metals, coordination chemistry, separations, and trace analysis. Several chapters deal with environmental science, safe handling, and biological interactions of the actinide elements. The Editors invited teams of authors, who are active practitioners and recognized experts in their specialty, to write each chapter and have endeavoured to provide a balanced and insightful treatment of these fascinating elements at the frontier of the periodic table. Because the field has expanded with new spectroscopic techniques and environmental focus, the work encompasses five volumes, each of which groups chapters on related topics. All chapters represent the current state of research in the chemistry of these elements and related fields.
Book Synopsis Structural Chemistry of Inorganic Actinide Compounds by : Sergey Krivovichev
Download or read book Structural Chemistry of Inorganic Actinide Compounds written by Sergey Krivovichev and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-08 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural Chemistry of Inorganic Actinide Compounds is a collection of 13 reviews on structural and coordination chemistry of actinide compounds. Within the last decade, these compounds have attracted considerable attention because of their importance for radioactive waste management, catalysis, ion-exchange and absorption applications, etc. Synthetic and natural actinide compounds are also of great environmental concern as they form as a result of alteration of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste under Earth surface conditions, during burn-up of nuclear fuel in reactors, represent oxidation products of uranium miles and mine tailings, etc. The actinide compounds are also of considerable interest to material scientists due to the unique electronic properties of actinides that give rise to interesting physical properties controlled by the structural architecture of respective compounds. The book provides both general overview and review of recent developments in the field, including such emergent topics as nanomaterials and nanoparticles and their relevance to the transfer of actinides under environmental conditions. * Covers over 2,000 actinide compounds including materials, minerals and coordination polymers* Summarizes recent achievements in the field* Some chapters reveal (secret) advances made by the Soviet Union during the 'Cold war'
Book Synopsis Chemistry and migration behaviour of actinides and fission products in the geosphere by :
Download or read book Chemistry and migration behaviour of actinides and fission products in the geosphere written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The 15 Lanthanides and the 15 Actinides by : Kristi Lew
Download or read book The 15 Lanthanides and the 15 Actinides written by Kristi Lew and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2010-01-15 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the lanthanide and actinide elements, including how they combine with other elements and where they can be found in everyday objects.
Book Synopsis Actinides in Perspective by : Norman M. Edelstein
Download or read book Actinides in Perspective written by Norman M. Edelstein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Actinides in Perspective presents in proceedings of the Actinides-1981 Conference held in Pacific Grove, California, USA on September 10-15, 1981. The book contains papers on the different aspect of the physics and chemistry of the actinides. The text includes papers on the history of the discovery of the transplutonium elements; the photoemission techniques; and the neutron scattering studies of the actinides. The new elements in the transfermium region; the isotope identification in the transfermium region by ?-? correlation after in-flight-separation; and the fission properties of the actinides are also considered. The book further tackles papers on the status of superheavy element research; the single crystal preparation of actinides and actinide compounds; and the preparation of transplutonium metals and compounds, protactinium metal and compounds, and actinide metals. The text also includes papers on the complex oxide systems of the actinides; thermodynamic properties of the actinides; and the chemical and physicochemical properties of actinide organometallic compounds.
Book Synopsis The Chemistry of the Actinide Elements by : J.J. Katz
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Actinide Elements written by J.J. Katz and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986-10 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The. first edition of this work appeared almost thirty years ago, when, as we can see in retrospect, the study of the actinide elements was in its first bloom. Although the broad features of the chemistry of the actinide elements were by then quite weil delineated, the treatment of the subject in the first edition was of necessity largely descriptive in nature. A detailed understanding ofthe chemical consequences of the characteristic presence of 5f electrons in most of the members ofthe actinide se ries was still for the future, and many ofthe systematic features ofthe actinide elements were only dimly apprehended. In the past thirty years all this has changed. The application of new spectroscopic techniques, which came into general use during this period, and new theoretical insights, which came from a better understanding of chemical bonding, inorganic chemistry, and solid state phenomena, were among the important factors that led to a great expansion and maturation in actinide element research and a large number of new and important findings. The first edition consisted of aserial description of the individual actinide elements, with a single chapter devoted to the six heaviest elements (lawrencium, the heaviest actinide, was yet to be discovered). Less than 15 % of the text was devoted to a consideration of the systematics of the actinide elements.
