Characterization of the Role of the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) on Nuclear Localization and Proteolysis of the Thyroid Hormone Receptor (TR)

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Total Pages : pages
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Book Synopsis Characterization of the Role of the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) on Nuclear Localization and Proteolysis of the Thyroid Hormone Receptor (TR) by : Amanda M. Back

Download or read book Characterization of the Role of the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) on Nuclear Localization and Proteolysis of the Thyroid Hormone Receptor (TR) written by Amanda M. Back and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is involved in post-translational modification of proteins and is characterized by its role in regulation of a variety of cellular processes. The objective of this thesis was to characterize the role SUMO has in modification of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR). TR is a regulatory transcription factor that, in most cases when the ligand (T3) is not bound, represses gene expression through the recruitment of co-repressors. When T3 is bound to TR, the co-repressors are released and co-activators are recruited, resulting in positive gene expression mediated by a particular thyroid hormone response element (TRE). Previous research has identified the import and export proteins involved in nuclear localization of TR. Post-translational modification, however, has only begun to be characterized. In terms of proteolysis, TR is degraded through poly-ubiquitination; but it is unclear whether ubiquitin binding is correlated with sumoylation. SUMO sites for TR have been previously identified, and their role in TR-mediated gene expression demonstrated. Here, the role SUMO plays in nuclear localization and proteolysis of TR through its interaction with ubiquitin binding is characterized. Mutant constructs of TR that could not be sumoylated were synthesized and cloned into GFP. For nuclear localization assays, the constructs were transfected into HeLa cells and quantitatively scored for the ratio of fluorescence intensity in the nucleus versus the cytosol using region of interest (ROI) analysis. Coimmunoprecipitation followed by western analysis, was conducted in order to identify the relationship between sumoylation and ubiquitination. The nuclear localization experiments showed no changes in nuclear localization of the SUMO-deficient TR compared to the wild-type TR. Coimmunoprecipitation suggested that there may be a higher level of ubiquitination when TR was not sumoylated. However, varying levels of cellular ubiquitin make this finding inconclusive. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that SUMO is not directly involved in nuclear localization of TR; however, it may play a role in enhancing the binding of ubiquitin, ultimately suggesting that sumoylation may be involved in proteolysis of TR.

Cumulated Index Medicus

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1872 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Cumulated Index Medicus by :

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Ubiquitin and the Biology of the Cell

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306456494
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Ubiquitin and the Biology of the Cell by : Jan-Michael Peters

Download or read book Ubiquitin and the Biology of the Cell written by Jan-Michael Peters and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-05-31 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last several years have been a landmark period in the ubiquitin field. The breadth of ubiquitin's roles in cell biology was first sketched, and the importance of ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis as a regulatory mechanism gained general acceptance. The many strands of work that led to this new perception are re counted in this book. A consequence of this progress is that the field has grown dramatically since the first book on ubiquitin was published almost a decade ago [M. Rechsteiner (ed. ), Ubiquitin, Plenum Press, 1988]. In this span, students of the cell cycle, transcription, signal transduction, protein sorting, neuropathology, cancer, virology, and immunology have attempted to chart the role of ubi quit in in their particular experimental systems, and this integration of the field into cell biology as a whole continues at a remarkable pace. We hope that for active researchers in the field as well as for newcomers and those on the fence, this book will prove helpful for its breadth, historical perspective, and practical tips. Structural data are now available on many of the components of the ubiquitin pathway. The structures have provided basic insights into the unusual biochemical mechanisms of ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated proteolysis. Because high-speed computer graphics can convey structures more effectively than print media, we have supplemented the figures of the book with a Worldwide Web site that can display the structures in a flexible, viewer-controlled format.

Plant Meiosis

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Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781493998173
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (981 download)

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Book Synopsis Plant Meiosis by : Mónica Pradillo

Download or read book Plant Meiosis written by Mónica Pradillo and published by Humana. This book was released on 2019-10-23 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume looks at the latest techniques used by the meiosis research community to study plant meiosis. The chapters in this book are organized into four parts: Part One discusses cytological and imaging approaches to study meiosis and chromosome dynamics in Arabidopsis (in both diploid and polyploid backgrounds); Part Two talks about using cytological methods to study meiosis in other plant species; Part Three focuses on molecular and biochemical approaches to look at plant meiosis; and Part Four explores further procedures and experiments that are helpful in learning more about plant meiosis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Thorough and cutting-edge, Plant Meiosis: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for both novice and expert researchers who are interested in learning more about this developing field.

Plant Meiosis

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Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 9781627033329
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (333 download)

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Book Synopsis Plant Meiosis by : Wojtek Pawlowski

Download or read book Plant Meiosis written by Wojtek Pawlowski and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2013-04-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meiosis is one of the most critical processes in eukaryotes, required for continuation of species and generation of new variation. In plants, meiotic recombination is by far the most important source of genetic variation. In Plant Meiosis: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail methods for molecular cytogenetics and chromosome analysis in plants. These state-of -the-art protocols allow studying the organization and behavior of the genetic material in a wide range of both model and crop species. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTMseries format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Plant Meiosis: Methods and Protocols provides and extensive list of protocols developed and used in a number of laboratories at the cutting edge of meiosis and chromosome research.

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Structure, Functions and Role in Human Disease

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493920537
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

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Book Synopsis Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Structure, Functions and Role in Human Disease by : Deric L. Wheeler

Download or read book Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Structure, Functions and Role in Human Disease written by Deric L. Wheeler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-26 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: Structure, Functions and Role in Human Disease, for the first time, systematically covers the shared structural and functional features of the RTK family. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) play critical roles in embryogenesis, normal physiology and several diseases. And over the last decade they have become the Number 1 targets of cancer drugs. To be able to conduct fundamental research or to attempt to develop pharmacological agents able to enhance or intercept them, it is essential first to understand the evolutionary origin of the 58 RTKs and their roles in invertebrates and in humans, as well as downstream signaling pathways. The assembly of chapters is written by experts and underscores commonalities between and among the RTKs. It is an ideal companion volume to The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: Families and Subfamilies, which proceeds, family by family through all of the specific subfamilies of RTKs, along with their unique landmarks.

Cancer Biology and the Nuclear Envelope

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489980326
Total Pages : 610 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Cancer Biology and the Nuclear Envelope by : Eric C. Schirmer

Download or read book Cancer Biology and the Nuclear Envelope written by Eric C. Schirmer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-22 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Nuclear envelope (NE) defects have been linked to cancer biology since the mid-1800s, but it was not until the last few years that we have begun to understand these historical links and to realize that there are myriad ways that the NE impacts on tumorigenesis. The NE is a complex double membrane system that encloses the genome while providing structural support through the intermediate filament lamin polymer and regulating protein/ mRNA trafficking and signaling between the nucleus and cytoplasm via the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). These functions already provide some mechanisms for NE influences on cancer biology but work in the past few years has elucidated many others. Lamins and many recently identified NE transmembrane proteins (NETs) have been now shown to function in DNA repair, regulation of cell cycle and signaling, apoptosis, cell migration in metastasis and nuclear architecture and morphology. This volume presents a comprehensive overview of the wide range of functions recently identified for NE proteins and their relevance in cancer biology, providing molecular mechanisms and evidence of their value as prognostic and diagnostic markers and suggesting new avenues for the treatment of cancer. Indeed some of these recent links are already yielding promising therapies, such as the current clinical trial of selective inhibitors of the nuclear export factor exportin in certain types of leukemia, melanoma and kidney cancer."

Split Inteins

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Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781493964499
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (644 download)

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Book Synopsis Split Inteins by : Henning D. Mootz

Download or read book Split Inteins written by Henning D. Mootz and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-10-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on applications of split inteins, and the progress that has been made in the past 5 years on discovery and engineering of fast and more efficient split inteins. The first few chapters in Split Inteins: Methods and Protocols explore new techniques on how to use split inteins for affinity purification of overproduced proteins, and split-intein based technologies to prepare cyclic peptides and proteins. The next few chapters discuss semisynthetic protein trans-splicing using one synthetic intein piece, synthetic intein-extein pieces used to deliver other cargos for chemical modification both of purified proteins and of proteins in living cells, as well as isotopic labeling of proteins for NMR studies, and a discussion on how protein block copolymers can be generated by protein trans-splicing to form protein hydrogels. The last few chapters deal with intein applications in transgenic plants and conditional inteins that can be regulated in artificial ways by small molecules or light, a cassette-based approach to quickly test many intein insertion positions, and a computational approach to predict new intein split sites (the approach also works for other proteins). Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introduction to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Split Inteins: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource that will provide guidance toward possibilities of split intein applications, explore proven and detailed protocols adaptable to various research projects, and inspire new method developments.

Recent Advances in Glucocorticoid Receptor Action

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662046601
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Glucocorticoid Receptor Action by : A. Cato

Download or read book Recent Advances in Glucocorticoid Receptor Action written by A. Cato and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-term use of glucocorticoids is associated with several deleterious effects. Attempts to separate the beneficial from the adverse effects of these compounds have met with varying degrees of difficulty. The discovery of distinct modes of action of the glucocorticoid receptor, the protein that mediates glucocorticoid action has opened up many possibilities for improving glucocorticoid therapy. This book provides an in-depth overview of the molecular actions of the glucocorticoid receptor and discusses the chances of an imminent identification of selective glucocorticoid agonists. Such componds should fulfill all the criteria of a glucocorticoid but should lack the sideeffects so far linked with classical glucocorticoids.

Proteostasis and Disease

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030382664
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Proteostasis and Disease by : Rosa Barrio

Download or read book Proteostasis and Disease written by Rosa Barrio and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, written by members of the European network PROTEOSTASIS, provides an up-to-date review of the research regarding protein homeostasis in health and disease. With new discoveries contributing to the increasing complexity of this topic, the book offers a detailed overview of the pathways regulating protein homeostasis, including autophagy and the ubiquitin protein family. Following a basic introduction, it explains how defects in protein homeostasis contribute to numerous pathologies, including cancer, neurodegeneration, inflammation and a number of rare diseases. In addition, it discusses, the role of protein homeostasis in cellular development and physiology. Highlighting the latest research in the field of protein homeostasis and its implications for various clinically relevant diseases, the book appeals to researchers and clinicians, while also offering a reference guide for scholars who are new to the field.

Immunopharmacology

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387779760
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Immunopharmacology by : Manzoor M. Khan

Download or read book Immunopharmacology written by Manzoor M. Khan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-19 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decades, with the introduction of the recombinant DNA, hybridoma and transgenic technologies there has been an exponential evolution in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of a large number of human diseases. The technologies are evident with the development of cytokines and monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents and the techniques used in gene therapy. Immunopharmacology is that area of biomedical sciences where immunology, pharmacology and pathology overlap. It concerns the pharmacological approach to the immune response in physiological as well as pathological events. This goals and objectives of this textbook are to emphasize the developments in immunology and pharmacology as they relate to the modulation of immune response. The information includes the pharmacology of cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, mechanism of action of immune-suppressive agents and their relevance in tissue transplantation, therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AIDS and the techniques employed in gene therapy. The book is intended for health care professional students and graduate students in pharmacology and immunology.

Myopathology

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811314624
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Myopathology by : Balan Louis Gaspar

Download or read book Myopathology written by Balan Louis Gaspar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-24 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers all aspects of basic, essential, recent advances and controversies in myopathology. The major emphasis is on diagnostic myopathology of muscular dystrophies, inflammatory myopathies, mitochondrial myopathies, metabolic myopathies, congenital myopathies, myopathies of miscellaneous etiology, neurogenic and neuromuscular junction disorders, the goal being to broaden readers’ understanding of individual disease subgroups. The book also contains all the essential details needed to establish a neuromuscular lab, making it especially relevant for laboratory technical staff and research scholars.

Intracellular Signaling Mediators in the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461443695
Total Pages : 1073 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Intracellular Signaling Mediators in the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems by : Marc Thiriet

Download or read book Intracellular Signaling Mediators in the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems written by Marc Thiriet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 1073 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volumes in this authoritative series present a multidisciplinary approach to modeling and simulation of flows in the cardiovascular and ventilatory systems, especially multiscale modeling and coupled simulations. The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are tightly coupled, as their primary function is to supply oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the body's cells. Because physiological conduits have deformable and reactive walls, macroscopic flow behavior and prediction must be coupled to phenomenological models of nano- and microscopic events in a corrector scheme of regulated mechanisms when the vessel lumen caliber varies markedly. Therefore, investigation of flows of blood and air in physiological conduits requires an understanding of the biology, chemistry, and physics of these systems together with the mathematical tools to describe their functioning. Volume 4 is devoted to major sets of intracellular mediators that transmit signals upon stimulation of cell-surface receptors. Activation of signaling effectors triggers the release of substances stored in cellular organelles and/or gene transcription and protein synthesis. Complex stages of cell signaling can be studied using proper mathematical models, once the role of each component is carefully handled. Volume 4 also reviews various categories of cytosolic and/or nuclear mediators and illustrates some major signal transduction pathways, such as NFkappaB axis, oxygen sensing, and mechanotransduction.

Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128139234
Total Pages : 818 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance by : Debasis Bagchi

Download or read book Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance written by Debasis Bagchi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-05 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance: Muscle Building, Endurance and Strength, Second Edition, includes comprehensive sections on the role of nutrition in human health, various types of physical exercises, including cardiovascular training, resistance training, aerobic and anaerobic exercises, bioenergetics and energy balance, and the nutritional requirements associated with each. Other sections cover sports and nutritional requirements, the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle building, an exhaustive review of various foods, minerals, supplements, phytochemicals, amino acids, transition metals, competition training, healthy cooking, physical training, and lifestyle and dietary recommendations for sports performance. This updated edition includes new chapters on mood, alertness, calmness and psychomotor performance in sports, extreme sports, natural myostatin inhibitor and lean body mass, the benefits of caffeine in sport nutrition formulations, the role of vitamin D in athletic performance, probiotics and muscle mass. Provides a comprehensive appraisal of the nutritional benefits of exercise in human health Compiles chapters reviewing the nutritional prophylaxis in human health Addresses performance enhancement drugs and sports supplements Presents various types of physical exercises and addresses exercise and nutritional requirements in special populations Discusses sports nutrition and the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle building Contains an exhaustive review of various food, minerals, supplements, phytochemicals, amino acids, transition metals, small molecules and other ergogenic agents Highlights the aspects of healthy cooking, physical training, lifestyle and dietary recommendations for sports performance

Molecular and Cell Biology of Cancer

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030118126
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular and Cell Biology of Cancer by : Rita Fior

Download or read book Molecular and Cell Biology of Cancer written by Rita Fior and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook takes you on a journey to the basic concepts of cancer biology. It combines developmental, evolutionary and cell biology perspectives, to then wrap-up with an integrated clinical approach. The book starts with an introductory chapter, looking at cancer in a nut shell. The subsequent chapters are detailed and the idea of cancer as a mass of somatic cells undergoing a micro-evolutionary Darwinian process is explored. Further, the main Hanahan and Weinberg “Hallmarks of Cancer” are revisited. In most chapters, the fundamental experiments that led to key concepts, connecting basic biology and biomedicine are highlighted. In the book’s closing section all of these concepts are integrated in clinical studies, where molecular diagnosis as well as the various classical and modern therapeutic strategies are addressed. The book is written in an easy-to-read language, like a one-on-one conversation between the writer and the reader, without compromising the scientific accuracy. Therefore, this book is suited not only for advanced undergraduates and master students but also for patients or curious lay people looking for a further understanding of this shattering disease

Ras Superfamily Small G Proteins: Biology and Mechanisms 1

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3709118069
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Ras Superfamily Small G Proteins: Biology and Mechanisms 1 by : Alfred Wittinghofer

Download or read book Ras Superfamily Small G Proteins: Biology and Mechanisms 1 written by Alfred Wittinghofer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-22 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first of two volumes provides a general overview of the genetics, structure, mechanism and regulation of the Ras superfamily proteins and describes in detail the signaling pathways and processes regulated by specific members of this family. The focus of this first volume is on the Rho and Ras subfamily of small G proteins. Renowned scientists provide insights into the biochemistry of the classical and non-classical small G-protein family members, their spatio-temporal regulation, their effectors and their roles in health and disease. Together with Volume 2, this book provides a comprehensive and state-of-the-art work on small G-proteins (GTPases). It is intended for graduates and professors in biochemistry and cell biology already working on small G-proteins (small GTPases), but also offers an extremely valuable resource for those readers who are new to the field.

Proteomics for Biological Discovery

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470007737
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Proteomics for Biological Discovery by : Timothy D. Veenstra

Download or read book Proteomics for Biological Discovery written by Timothy D. Veenstra and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-06-12 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by recognized experts in the study of proteins, Proteomics for Biological Discovery begins by discussing the emergence of proteomics from genome sequencing projects and a summary of potential answers to be gained from proteome-level research. The tools of proteomics, from conventional to novel techniques, are then dealt with in terms of underlying concepts, limitations and future directions. An invaluable source of information, this title also provides a thorough overview of the current developments in post-translational modification studies, structural proteomics, biochemical proteomics, microfabrication, applied proteomics, and bioinformatics relevant to proteomics. Presents a comprehensive and coherent review of the major issues faced in terms of technology development, bioinformatics, strategic approaches, and applications Chapters offer a rigorous overview with summary of limitations, emerging approaches, questions, and realistic future industry and basic science applications Discusses higher level integrative aspects, including technical challenges and applications for drug discovery Accessible to the novice while providing experienced investigators essential information Proteomics for Biological Discovery is an essential resource for students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers across all fields of biomedical research, including biochemistry, protein chemistry, molecular genetics, cell/developmental biology, and bioinformatics.