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Characterization Of Ppo Inhibitor Resistance In Waterhemp Amaranthus Tuberculatus And Palmer Amaranth Amaranthus Palmeri
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Book Synopsis Characterization of PPO-inhibitor Resistance in Waterhemp (Amaranthus Tuberculatus) and Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri). by : Kathryn Joyce Lillie
Download or read book Characterization of PPO-inhibitor Resistance in Waterhemp (Amaranthus Tuberculatus) and Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri). written by Kathryn Joyce Lillie and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physiological, and Genetic Characterization of 2,4-D-resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri S. Watson) and Its Management by : Chandrima Shyam
Download or read book Physiological, and Genetic Characterization of 2,4-D-resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri S. Watson) and Its Management written by Chandrima Shyam and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is one of the topmost troublesome, C4 dioecious weeds in the US. Biological traits such as aggressive growth habits, prolific seed production, and the ability to withstand environmental stresses hinder control of this weed. Additionally, numerous Palmer amaranth populations across the US have been found to have evolved resistance to multiple herbicides. In 2018, a population of Palmer amaranth from a conservation tillage study from Riley County, Kansas was suspected to have evolved resistance to multiple herbicides including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and was designated as Kansas Conservation Tillage Resistant (KCTR). 2,4-D, a synthetic auxin herbicide, is widely used for controlling broadleaf weeds in cereal crops. However, over-reliance on 2,4-D to control other herbicide-resistant weeds, along with the commercialization of 2,4-D-tolerant crop technology, has resulted in increased usage of this herbicide. The objectives of this dissertation were to 1) characterize the evolution of multiple herbicide resistance including 2,4-D in KCTR Palmer amaranth; 2) investigate the physiological mechanism of 2,4-D resistance in KCTR compared to two known susceptible Palmer amaranth populations i.e., Kansas Susceptible (KSS) and Mississippi Susceptible (MSS); 3) assess the genetic basis of 2,4-D resistance in KCTR; and 4) evaluate herbicide programs that can manage glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth in 2,4-D tolerant soybean. Experiments were conducted under either greenhouse or controlled growth chamber conditions. Standard herbicide dose-response, physiological, biochemical (using radiolabeled herbicides), breeding, and field experiments were designed and conducted. The results of these experiments found that KCTR Palmer amaranth had evolved resistance to six herbicide modes of action, including acetolactate synthase (ALS)-, photosystem II (PS II)-, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)-, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)- inhibitors, and synthetic auxins (2,4-D). Sequencing and analyses of genes coding for the herbicide targets indicated absence of all known mutations that confer resistance, except for EPSPS-inhibitor, with a massive amplification of EPSPS gene (up to 88 copies). Investigation of non-target site resistance mechanism(s) in KCTR confirmed the predominance of metabolic resistance to multiple herbicides mediated by either cytochrome P450 (P450) or glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity. Whole-plant dose-response analyses confirmed a 6- to 11- fold resistance to 2,4-D in KCTR compared to two susceptible populations (KSS or MSS). [14C] 2,4-D uptake and translocation studies indicated a 10% less and 3 times slower translocation of [14C] 2,4-D in KCTR compared to susceptible populations, while there was no difference in the amount of [14C] 2,4-D absorbed. However, KCTR plants metabolized [14C] 2,4-D much faster than the susceptible KSS and MSS, suggesting that enhanced metabolism bestows resistance to this herbicide in KCTR. Further, use of P450-inhibitor (e.g., malathion) indicated that the metabolism of 2,4-D in KCTR is mediated by P450 activity. Genetic analyses of F1 and F2 progenies, derived from crossing between KCTR and KSS, revealed that 2,4-D resistance in KCTR Palmer amaranth is an incompletely dominant, nuclear trait. Segregation of F2 progenies did not follow the Mendelian single gene inheritance model (3:1), suggesting the involvement of multiple genes in mediating 2,4-D resistance in KCTR. Evaluation of herbicide programs for Palmer amaranth management in the field suggested that pre-emergence herbicides with residual activity followed by post-emergence application of either 2,4-D or glufosinate or 2,4-D and glufosinate can control glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth in 2,4-D-tolerant soybean. Overall, the outcome of this dissertation documents the first case of a six-way resistance in a single Palmer amaranth population and also for the first time characterizes the physiological and genetic basis of 2,4-D resistance in this weed. These findings will help in predicting and minimizing further evolution and spread of 2,4-D resistance in Palmer amaranth.
Book Synopsis Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Multiple Herbicide Resistance in Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) by : Sridevi Nakka
Download or read book Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Multiple Herbicide Resistance in Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) written by Sridevi Nakka and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) is one of the most aggressive, troublesome and damaging broadleaf weeds in many cropping systems including corn, soybean, cotton, and grain sorghum causing huge yield losses across the USA. As a result of extensive and intensive selection of pre- and -post emergence herbicides, Palmer amaranth has evolved resistance to multiple herbicide modes of action, microtubule-, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)-, acetolactate synthase (ALS)-, photosystem II (PS II)-, hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)- and more recently to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibitors. A Palmer amaranth population from Kansas was found resistant to HPPD-, PS II-, and ALS-inhibitors. The overall objective of this research was to investigate the target-site and/or non-target-site resistance mechanisms in Palmer amaranth from KS (KSR) to mesotrione (HPPD-inhibitor), atrazine (PS II-inhibitor), and chlorsulfuron (ALS-inhibitor) relative to known susceptible Palmer amaranth from Mississippi (MSS) and KS (KSS). Whole plant dose-response assays showed high level of resistance in KSR to mesotrione, atrazine and chlorsulfuron. KSR was 10-18, 178-237 and>275 fold more resistant to mesotrione, atrazine, and chlorsulfuron, respectively, compared to MSS and KSS. Metabolism studies using [14C] labeled mesotrione and atrazine demonstrated non-target-site resistance to both herbicides, particularly, enhanced metabolism of [14C] mesotrione likely mediated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and rapid degradation of [14C] atrazine by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). In addition, molecular and biochemical basis of mesotrione resistance was characterized by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunoblotting. These results showed 4-12 fold increased levels of the HPPD transcript and positively correlated with the increased HPPD protein. Sequencing of atrazine and chlorsulfuron target genes, psbA and ALS, respectively, showed interesting results. The most common mutation (serine264glycine) associated with atrazine resistance in weeds was not found in KSR. On the other hand, a well-known mutation (proline197serine) associated with chlorsulfuron resistance was found in 30% of KSR, suggesting ~70% of plants might have a non-target-site, possibly P450 mediated metabolism based resistance. Over all, KSR evolved both non-target-site and target-site based mechanisms to mesotrione and chlorsulfuron with only non-target-site based mechanism of resistance to atrazine leaving fewer options for weed control, especially in no-till crop production systems. Such multiple herbicide resistant Palmer amaranth populations are a serious threat to sustainable weed management because metabolism-based resistance may confer resistance to other herbicides and even those that are yet to be discovered. The findings of this research are novel and valuable to recommend appropriate weed management strategies in the region and should include diversified tactics to prevent evolution and spread of multiple herbicide resistance in Palmer amaranth.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus Palmeri (Palmer Amaranth) Tolerance to ALS- and HPPD-inhibiting Herbicides by : Shilpa Singh
Download or read book Characterization of Glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus Palmeri (Palmer Amaranth) Tolerance to ALS- and HPPD-inhibiting Herbicides written by Shilpa Singh and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palmer amaranth is a principal weed problem across the United States and is resistant to several herbicide modes of action. By 2008, Palmer amaranth in Arkansas was reported to be resistant to both ALS- and EPSPS-inhibitors, but the predominant resistance mechanisms are yet to be explored. Herbicide options with different modes of action are needed to provide effective Palmer amaranth control and HPPD-inhibitors (e.g. mesotrione) are among these. The goal of this research was to elucidate the resistance profile of Palmer amaranth in Arkansas to ALS herbicides and glyphosate (EPSPS-inhibitor) as well as evaluate the differential tolerance of Palmer amaranth to mesotrione. This research aimed to (1) evaluate the response of Palmer amaranth populations to the full dose of glyphosate and mesotrione; (2) determine if tolerance to mesotrione is heritable; (3) determine the mechanism of resistance to glyphosate in selected accessions; and (4) verify the target-site as the mechanism of resistance in ALS-resistant Palmer amaranth. For objective 1, a total of 119 accessions were collected from crop fields in Arkansas between 2008 and 2014. Overall, 55% of the accessions (115) were glyphosate-resistant (GR). Mesotrione controlled 74% of the accessions (119); the remaining accessions had survivors with high injury (61%-90%). For objective 2, low level of tolerance to mesotrione (3- to 5-fold) was observed in four recalcitrant accessions. For objective 3, 20 accessions were selected. GR accessions had ED50 494 g ha-1 to 1355 g ha-1 and for susceptible accessions ED50 ranged from 28 g ha-1 to 207 g ha-1. EPSPS gene amplification was the primary mechanism of resistance. For objective 4, Palmer amaranth accessions were cross-resistant to pyrithiobac and trifloxysulfuron. Out of 20 accessions, 19 showed 21- to 56-fold resistance to trifloxysulfuron than the susceptible. Four and seven increased ALS copies were observed in a single plant from White and Mississippi counties, respectively, indicating the elevated ALS copies as potential mechanism of resistance in these accessions. Although, all accessions but susceptible had Trp574Ser mutation along with Ala122Thr, Pro197Ala and Ser653Asn present in a few plants, confirming mutations at the target-site as the main mechanism of resistance to ALS-inhibitors.
Book Synopsis Characterization and Management of PPO and Glyphosate Resistant Palmer Amaranth by : Drake Copeland
Download or read book Characterization and Management of PPO and Glyphosate Resistant Palmer Amaranth written by Drake Copeland and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research was conducted from the fall of 2016 to the fall of 2018 to characterize and manage PPO- and glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats). Studies included a multi-county survey to determine the prevalence of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth biotypes and the PPX2 mutations that confer PPO resistance, an in-field evaluation of control of PPO-resistant and PPO-susceptible Palmer amaranth populations with herbicide treatments applied at either sunrise or midday, and field studies that evaluated cover crop termination for control of Palmer amaranth in Roundup Ready Xtend® and Liberty Link® soybean systems [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Results from this research indicate that PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth infests roughly 80% of west Tennessee fields, at least two herbicides with different, effective sites of action should be applied timely for POST herbicidal control of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth, and that delaying cover crop termination in both Roundup Ready Xtend® and Liberty Link® soybeans can effectively reduce in-season POST applications and maximize Palmer amaranth control if the correct residual herbicide is included at planting timing.
Book Synopsis Characterization of HPPD-inhibitor Resistance in Waterhemp (Amaranthus Tuberculatus). by :
Download or read book Characterization of HPPD-inhibitor Resistance in Waterhemp (Amaranthus Tuberculatus). written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Resistance to Herbicides Conferred by Amaranthus Palmeri Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase Mutations by : Pamela Carvalho de Lima
Download or read book Resistance to Herbicides Conferred by Amaranthus Palmeri Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase Mutations written by Pamela Carvalho de Lima and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) is one of the most problematic agronomic weeds to control in fields across Arkansas. Thus far, this species has evolved resistance to several herbicides, including protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO) inhibitors. The majority of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth populations harbor a target-site mutation (substitution or deletion of amino acids). The objective of this thesis was to identify the level of fomesafen resistance conferred by PPO2 mutations from Palmer amaranth. The experiments conducted aimed to (1) characterize the level of resistance conferred by the transgene Palmer amaranth ppo2 carrying EG210 mutation into the wild type rice (Oryza sativa cv. 'Nipponbare'); and (2) study the resistance level of Palmer amaranth plants having a single mutation (EG210 or G399A) or a combination. For objective 1, 'Nipponbare' rice was transformed with Palmer amaranth ppo2 EG210 gene via particle bombardment. The presence of the transgene in T0 plants was confirmed, and seeds (T1) were harvested. After selection with foliar treatment of fomesafen (0.78 kg ai ha-1), T1 plants carrying the mutation and showing low injury were maintained to produce T2 seeds. Soil-based assay was conducted with T2 seeds and the survivors were cultured to produce T3 seeds. Seeds from each surviving plant were kept as a separate line. The insertion of Palmer amaranth ppo2 EG210 conferred resistance to fomesafen in rice. The data suggests that only homozygous transgenic plants had full resistance to fomesafen. For objective 2, one susceptible and six resistant accessions were used to conduct dose response assay with the PPO-herbicide, fomesafen, and to test cross resistance or multiple resistance. Selected survivors from these tests were genotyped for the two expected mutations. Homozygosity of EG210 was correlated with high fomesafen resistance. At higher fomesafen rates, survivors carrying EG210 in both alleles or accumulating EG210+G399A recovered better than heterozygous EG210 plants. Populations with higher frequency of individuals with these mutation profiles were also less sensitive to the other two PPO-herbicides tested, saflufenacil and trifludimoxazin.
Book Synopsis Phenotypic and Biochemical Characterization of Atrazine and HPPD-resistant Waterhemp (amaranthus Tuberculatus) Populations by : Sarah Rebekah O'Brien
Download or read book Phenotypic and Biochemical Characterization of Atrazine and HPPD-resistant Waterhemp (amaranthus Tuberculatus) Populations written by Sarah Rebekah O'Brien and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Response of Glyphosate Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) to Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides in Tennessee by : Alinna Marie Umphres
Download or read book Response of Glyphosate Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) to Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides in Tennessee written by Alinna Marie Umphres and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many agronomic cropping systems across the United States, Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) is the most economic and troublesome weed for producers. The introduction of glyphosate resistant (GR) crops gave producers the benefit of controlling Palmer amaranth as well as other weeds, a broad window of application, and reduced tillage practices. With the confirmation of GR Palmer amaranth, producers implemented protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO or Protox)-inhibiting herbicides to control these populations in crops such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and cotton [Gossypium hirsutum (L.)]. However the continuous use of PPO herbicides has caused a shift in Palmer amaranth populations for PPO resistance. Therefore the scope of this study was to observe fomesafen response to four Palmer amaranth populations, determine the fomesafen resistance level, evaluate the effect of Palmer amaranth size on fomesafen efficacy, determine susceptibility to other foliar-applied herbicides, and evaluate the efficacy of four soil-applied PPO-inhibiting herbicides on PPO-resistant (PPO-R) and PPOsusceptible (PPO-S) Palmer amaranth populations. The PPO-S population was observed with 98% control however, fomesafen efficacy was reduced in SPA, LPA, and WPA populations with 24%, 4%, and 2% control, respectively at 14 days after treatment (DAT). The level of resistance for the PPO-R population SPA was 4-fold relative to the PPO-S population KPA. When determining the height of Palmer amaranth on fomesafen efficacy, control of SPA Sm, Md, and Lg sized plants was 62%, 49%, and 18%, respectively. Atrazine, glufosinate, and mesotrione were observed to have the greatest control (>70%) of the SPA population but resistant to glyphosate and chlorimuron. When subjected to soil-applied PPO herbicides, SPA showed reduced control with fomesafen and saflufenacil however greater control was observed with flumioxazin and sulfentrazone at 35 DAT.
Book Synopsis Characterization of a Novel Five-way-resistant Population of Waterhemp (Amaranthus Tuberculatus). by : Cody Matthew Evans
Download or read book Characterization of a Novel Five-way-resistant Population of Waterhemp (Amaranthus Tuberculatus). written by Cody Matthew Evans and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Control of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-resistant Palmer Amaranth by : Michael M. Houston
Download or read book Control of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-resistant Palmer Amaranth written by Michael M. Houston and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Already one of the most troublesome weeds in row crop production in the southern U.S., protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-resistant Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats.] was first documented in Arkansas in 2015. Since this confirmation, PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth has been identified throughout the Midsouth. The following research evaluated both current and future herbicide programs for controlling PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth and quantified field-level resistance to PPO-inhibiting herbicides. On-farm research, located in fields with confirmed PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth, was conducted in 2016 and 2017. In preemergence (PRE) herbicide experiments, PPO-inhibiting herbicides still proved useful when combined with herbicides such as metribuzin and/or pyroxasulfone. Interestingly, a decline in control from S-metolachlor (
Book Synopsis Modern Crop Protection Compounds by : Peter Jeschke
Download or read book Modern Crop Protection Compounds written by Peter Jeschke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-05-06 with total page 1772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The leading reference on this topic has just gotten better. Building on the success of the previous two editions, all the chapters have been updated to reflect the latest developments in the field, and new chapters have been added on picolinic acids, oxathiapiprolin, flupyradifurone, and other topics. This third edition presents the most important active ingredients of modern agrochemicals, with one volume each for herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. The international team of first-class authors from such renowned crop science companies as Bayer, Syngenta, Dow AgroSciences, DuPont (now Corteva Agriscience), and BASF, address all crucial aspects from the general chemistry and the mode of action to industrial-scale synthesis, as well as from the development of products and formulations to their application in the field. A comprehensive and invaluable source of timely information for all of those working in modern biology, including genetics, biochemistry and chemistry, and for those in modern crop protection science, whether governmental authorities, researchers in agrochemical companies, scientists at universities, conservationists, or managers in organizations and companies involved in improvements to agricultural production.
Book Synopsis Control of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) and Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus Rudis) in Double Crop Soybean and with Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Inhibitor Herbicides by : Marshall Mark Hay
Download or read book Control of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) and Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus Rudis) in Double Crop Soybean and with Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Inhibitor Herbicides written by Marshall Mark Hay and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During 2015 and 2016, five site years of research were implemented in double crop soybean after winter wheat at experiment fields in Kansas near Manhattan, Hutchinson, and Ottawa to assess various non-glyphosate herbicide treatments at three different application timings for control of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) and common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis Sauer). Spring-post (SP) treatments with residual control of Palmer amaranth and waterhemp were applied in the winter wheat at Feekes 4 and resulted in less than 50% control of Palmer amaranth and waterhemp at the time of double crop soybean planting. Pre-harvest treatments were applied two weeks before winter wheat harvest. 2,4-D resulted in highly variable Palmer amaranth and waterhemp control whereas flumioxazin resulted in comparable control to PRE treatments that contained paraquat plus a residual herbicide. Excellent Palmer amaranth and waterhemp control was observed at 1 week after planting (WAP) double crop soybean with a preemergence (PRE) paraquat application; however, reduced control of Palmer amaranth and waterhemp was noted at 8WAP due to extended emergence. Palmer amaranth and waterhemp control was 85% or greater at 8WAP for most PRE treatments that included a combination of paraquat plus residual herbicides. PRE treatments that did not include the combination of paraquat and residual herbicides did not provide acceptable control. A second set of field experiments were established in 2015 and 2016 near Manhattan, Hutchinson, and Ottawa to assess residual Palmer amaranth and waterhemp control with very-long-chain-fatty acid (VLFCA) inhibiting herbicides. Acetochlor (non-encapsulated and encapsulated), alachlor, dimethenamid-P, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, and pyroxasulfone as well as the microtubule inhibiting herbicide pendimethalin were applied at three different field use rates (high, middle, and low) based on labeled rate ranges for soybean as PRE treatments in a non-crop scenario after the plot was clean tilled with a field cultivator. The experiment was conducted one time in 2015 and four times in 2016 at two different locations for a total of five site years of data. PRE applications were made June 1, 2015, near Manhattan. PRE applications in 2016 were made in April at locations near Hutchinson and Ottawa; the second run of the experiment was applied in June at the same locations on a different set of plot areas. At Manhattan pyroxasulfone, S-metolachlor, and dimethenamid-P resulted in the highest Palmer amaranth control at 4WAT. At Hutchinson, pyroxasulfone resulted in superior Palmer amaranth control compared to dimethenamid-P and pendimethalin at 4WAT and 8WAT. At Ottawa, acetochlor, S-metolachlor, and pyroxasulfone resulted in higher waterhemp control than alachlor and pendimethalin at 4WAT and 8WAT.
Book Synopsis Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) Control in Double-crop Dicamba/glyphosate Resistant Soybean (Glycine Max) and Dicamba and 2,4-D Efficacy on Palmer Amaranth and Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus Rudis) by : Nathaniel Russell Thompson
Download or read book Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) Control in Double-crop Dicamba/glyphosate Resistant Soybean (Glycine Max) and Dicamba and 2,4-D Efficacy on Palmer Amaranth and Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus Rudis) written by Nathaniel Russell Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Auxin herbicides have been widely used for broadleaf weed control since the mid-1940's. With new auxinic herbicide-resistant traits in corn, soybean, and cotton, use of these herbicides is likely to increase. Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) are two primary problematic weed species that will be targeted with dicamba and 2,4-D in the new systems. No-till double-crop soybean after winter wheat harvest is a popular cropping system in central and eastern Kansas, however, management of glyphosate resistant Palmer amaranth has become a serious issue. Field experiments were established near Manhattan and Hutchinson, KS, in 2016 and 2017, to compare seventeen herbicide treatments for control of Palmer amaranth and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) in dicamba/glyphosate resistant no-till double-crop soybean after winter wheat. Herbicide programs that included a residual preemergence (PRE) treatment followed by a postemergence (POST) treatment offered greater Palmer amaranth control 8 weeks after planting when compared to PRE-only, POST-only and burndown-only treatments. All treatments that contained glyphosate POST provided complete control of large crabgrass compared to less than 43% control with PRE-only treatments. Soybean grain yield was greater in programs that included PRE followed by POST treatments, compared to PRE-only and burndown-only treatments. A second set of field experiments were established in 2017 near Manhattan and Ottawa, KS to evaluate dicamba and 2,4-D POST efficacy on Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp. Five rates of dicamba (140, 280, 560, 1121, and 2242 g ae ha−1) and 2,4-D (140, 280, 560, 1121, and 2242 g ae ha−1) were used to evaluate control of the Amaranthus spp. Each experiment was conducted twice at each location. Dicamba provided better Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp control than 2,4-D across the rates evaluated. Control of Palmer amaranth was 94% and 99% with dicamba rates of 1121 and 2242 g ae ha−1, respectively, but 2,4-D never provided more than 80% control at any rate. The highest rates of both dicamba and 2,4-D provided greater than 91% common waterhemp control, but control was less than 78% with all other rates of both herbicides. Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp control did not exceed 73% with the highest labelled POST rates of either dicamba or 2,4-D. Auxinic herbicide-resistant traits in corn, soybean, and cotton offer new options for controlling glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp, however proper stewardship is vital to maintain their effectiveness.
Download or read book Herbicides written by Andrew Price and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-11-26 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herbicides are one of the most widely used groups of pesticides worldwide for controlling weedy species in agricultural and non-crop settings. Due to the extensive use of herbicides and their value in weed management, herbicide research remains crucial for ensuring continued effective use of herbicides. Presently, a wide range of research continues to focus on improved herbicide use and weed biology. The authors of Herbicides, Agronomic Crops and Weed Biology cover multiple topics concerning current valuable herbicide research.
Book Synopsis Herbicide-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri S. Wats.) in the United States - Mechanisms of Resistance, Impact, and Management by : Parminder S. Chahal
Download or read book Herbicide-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri S. Wats.) in the United States - Mechanisms of Resistance, Impact, and Management written by Parminder S. Chahal and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palmer amaranth, a dioecious summer annual species, is one of the most troublesome weeds in the agronomic crop production systems in the United States. In the last two decades, continuous reliance on herbicide(s) with the same mode of action as the sole weed management strategy has resulted in the evolution of herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds, including Palmer amaranth. By 2015, Palmer amaranth biotypes had been confirmed resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitors, dinitroanilines, glyphosate, hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibitors, and triazine herbicides in some parts of the United States along with multiple HR biotypes. Mechanisms of herbicide-resistance in Palmer amaranth are discussed in this chapter. Preplant herbicide options including glufosinate, 2,4-D, and dicamba provide excellent Palmer amaranth control; however, their application is limited before planting crops, which is often not possible due to unfavorable weather conditions. Agricultural biotechnology companies are developing new multiple HR crops that will allow the post-emergence application of respective herbicides for management of HR weeds, including Palmer amaranth. For the effective in-crop management of Palmer amaranth, and to reduce the potential for the evolution of other HR weeds, growers should apply herbicides with different modes of action in tank-mixture and should also incorporate cultural practices including inversion tillage and cover crops along with herbicide programs.
Book Synopsis The Triazine Herbicides by : Janis Mc Farland Ph.D.
Download or read book The Triazine Herbicides written by Janis Mc Farland Ph.D. and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-19 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 50 years, triazines have made a great impact on agriculture and world hunger by assisting in the development of new farming methods, providing greater farming and land use capabilities, and increasing crop yields. Triazines are registered in over 80 countries and save billions of dollars a year. The Triazine Herbicides is the one book that presents a comprehensive view of the total science and agriculture of these chemicals. With emphasis on how the chemicals are studied and developed, reviewed, and used at the agricultural level this book provides valuable insight into the benefits of triazine herbicides for sustainable agriculture. Presents previously unpublished information on the discovery, development and marketing of herbicides Includes a vital section on the origin, use, economics and fate of triazine herbicides Covers benefits of triazines in corn and sorghum, sugarcane, citrus, fruit and nut crops Establishes best management practice and environmental benefits of use in conservation tillage
