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Characterization Of Membranes In Non Steady State
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Book Synopsis Characterization of Membranes in Non-steady State by : Vitaliy Rogovyk
Download or read book Characterization of Membranes in Non-steady State written by Vitaliy Rogovyk and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) have been established as a key component in industrial water desalination and electrolysis processes. Thus, nowadays, they are being studied and developed for application in new energy conversion and storage systems as well as efficient desalination and wastewater treatment processes. Ion permselectivity between counter-and co-ions, the most essential property in IEMs, makes these processes possible and/or efficient. Additionally, ion selectivity between different counter-ions is required for these novel processes to be efficient. However, they show minimal selectivity among monovalent ions, which limits their use in ion separations. Recent studies show that modification of ion exchange membranes with polyelectrolyte multilayers leads to exceptional monovalent/divalent ion selectivities. To better understand the mechanisms of transport of ions through active layers of membrane (polyelectrolyte multilayers) and to be able to perform its predictive modelling one needs to know electrochemical properties of membrane active layers. Their determination is strongly influenced by the multilayer structure of membranes. Conventional linear steady-state techniques yield information on the membrane average properties (involving both active layer and support) alone. In this study, ion-exchange membranes were modified with polyelectrolyte solutions and the prepared membranes were evaluated and characterized using different experimental techniques. The concentration-step technique was used to study the electrochemical properties of active layers of a commercial polymer FujiFilm Type 1 CEM and Type 1 AEM.An experimental set-up was built and the theory of non-steady-state membrane potential was used to analyse the information collected from various modes of experimental measurements.
Book Synopsis The 'Fictitious Solution' Model: Experimental and Theoretical Developments in Characterization of Multicomponent, Non-steady State Transport Through Ionic Membranes by : Prabaharan Balakrishnan
Download or read book The 'Fictitious Solution' Model: Experimental and Theoretical Developments in Characterization of Multicomponent, Non-steady State Transport Through Ionic Membranes written by Prabaharan Balakrishnan and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Basic Equations of the Mass Transport Through a Membrane Layer by : Endre Nagy
Download or read book Basic Equations of the Mass Transport Through a Membrane Layer written by Endre Nagy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a detailed analysis of the mass transport through membrane layers and its effect on different separation processes, this book provides a comprehensive look at the theoretical and practical aspects of membrane transport properties and functions. Basic equations for every membrane are provided to predict the mass transfer rate, the concentration distribution, the convective velocity, the separation efficiency, and the effect of chemical or biochemical reaction taking into account the heterogeneity of the membrane layer to help better understand the mechanisms of the separation processes. The reader will be able to describe membrane separation processes and the membrane reactors as well as choose the most suitable membrane structure for separation and for membrane reactor. Containing detailed discussion of the latest results in transport processes and separation processes, this book is essential for chemistry students and practitioners of chemical engineering and process engineering. Detailed survey of the theoretical and practical aspects of every membrane process with specific equations Practical examples discussed in detail with clear steps Will assist in planning and preparation of more efficient membrane structure separation
Book Synopsis Gas Membrane Characterization Via the Time-Lag Method for Neat and Mixed-Matrix Membranes by : Haoyu Wu
Download or read book Gas Membrane Characterization Via the Time-Lag Method for Neat and Mixed-Matrix Membranes written by Haoyu Wu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Separation technologies with polymeric membranes are widely studied and have a wide range of applications. The membrane's heart is a dense selective layer whose permeability should strongly depend on the permeating species' properties. In turn, permeability depends on the diffusivity and solubility of the permeating species in the selective layer, which are considered intrinsic properties of the polymer forming the selective layer. When developing new membrane materials, the ultimate objective is to exceed the famous "upper bound" limit by achieving simultaneously higher selectivity and higher permeability. This objective is impossible without a reliable and accurate characterization method to determine the selective layer's intrinsic transport properties. The time-lag method is the most common membrane characterization technique, initially developed for polymeric membranes. However, as the membrane technology and material science advance, the selective layer structure becomes more complex and not limited to organic polymers. As a result, the time-lag method needs to be reviewed and adapted to these more complicated cases, which was the main objective of this thesis. Numerical simulation of dynamic gas permeation experiments is a powerful tool to examine different aspects of the time-lag method. Therefore, we have established a comprehensive variable-mesh finite-difference scheme, which was used throughout the thesis. It allowed us to investigate the effect of different random and resolution errors and an extrapolation error on the resulting time lag of an ideal membrane. We then considered more complex systems, particularly those of glassy polymers and mixed matrix membranes, to investigate the effect of different transport mechanisms on the results of dynamic and steady-state gas permeation experiments. In parallel, we also focused on developing a novel gas permeation system that would monitor dynamic gas permeation experiments based on pressure decay at the feed side. All the existing constant-volume gas permeation systems rely on monitoring pressure to rise at the membrane's permeate side. Although this work is still ongoing, we have made considerable progress. Among the numerous contributions made through this thesis, there are three of particular significance. We have developed an analytical model to predict mixed matrix membranes' relative permeability with the uniformly dispersed non-permeable fillers of different shapes. The model requires three structural parameters arising from the filler's shape and size, and it is superior to all existing analytical models, including the famous Maxwell model. We have also demonstrated that the diffusivity of mixed matrix membranes determined by the time-lag method depends on the number of layers of dispersed particles. In the limiting case of a single layer of uniformly impermeable fillers, it is possible for the diffusivity determined by the time-lag method to be greater than that of the host polymer, which might appear as counterintuitive in the absence of defects at the polymer-particle interface. In the case of glassy polymers, it is possible to observe an upward deviation from the steady-state flux, resulting from a non-instantaneous equilibrium between permeating species in Henry's and Langmuir adsorption sites.
Book Synopsis Fundamental Aspects of Membrane Characterization by Constant Volume and Constant Pressure Techniques by : Siamak Lashkari
Download or read book Fundamental Aspects of Membrane Characterization by Constant Volume and Constant Pressure Techniques written by Siamak Lashkari and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Membrane Processes in Separation and Purification by : J.G. Crespo
Download or read book Membrane Processes in Separation and Purification written by J.G. Crespo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters of this book are based upon lectures presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Membrane Processes in Separation and Purification (March 21 - April 2, 1993, Curia, Portugal), organized as a successor and update to a similar Institute that took place 10 years ago (p.M.Bungay, H.K. Lonsdale, M.N. de Pinho (Eds.): Synthetic Membranes: Science, Engineering and Applications, NATO ASI Series, Reidel, Dordrecht, 1986). The decade between the two NATO Institutes witnesses the transition from individually researched membrane processes to an applied and established membrane separation technology, as is reflected by the contents of the corresponding proceeding volumes. By and large, the first volume presents itself as a textbook on membrane processes, still valid, while the present volume focuses on areas of separation need as amenable to membrane processing: Biotechnology and Environmental Technology. Accordingly, the contributions to this volume are grouped into "Membranes in Biotechnology" (11 papers), "Membranes in Environmental Technology" (6 papers), and "New Concepts" (4 papers). This is followed by one contribution each on "Energy Requirements" and "Education", i.e., membrane processes within an academic curriculum. The book thus amounts to a state of the art of applied membrane processing and may well augment the more fundamental approach of its predecessor.
Book Synopsis Membrane Characterization for Linear and Nonlinear Systems by : Neveen Alqasas
Download or read book Membrane Characterization for Linear and Nonlinear Systems written by Neveen Alqasas and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas separation with polymer membranes are becoming one of the mainstream separation techniques for a myriad of industrial applications. Membrane technologies are recognized as a viable and economical unit operation compared to more conventional separation processes. The design and material selection of membrane separation processes depends highly on the transport properties of separated gas molecules within the membrane material. Therefore, to use efficient methods for gas membrane characterization is paramount for the proper design of membrane separation processes. A membrane can be typically characterized by three main properties: permeability, solubility and diffusivity. The permeability of a membrane is the product of its diffusivity and solubility, therefore obtaining two of the three parameters is sufficient to fully characterize a membrane. The time-lag method is one of the oldest and most used gas membrane characterization methods. However, it suffers from various limitations that make the method not applicable for many types of membranes. The focus in this study was to develop new gas membrane characterization techniques that are based on extracting the membrane properties from the upstream gas pressure measurements rather than only from the downstream pressure measurements. It is believed that characterizing the membrane based on the upstream pressure measurements would be highly useful in characterizing barrier materials which are usually difficult to characterize using the conventional time-lag method. Moreover, glassy polymers which are widely used in industry exhibit behavior associated with nonlinear sorption isotherms and, therefore, the conventional time-lag method is incapable of obtaining an accurate estimation of glassy polymer properties. As a result, sorption experiments to generate a sorption isotherm are usually required in addition to permeation experiments to fully characterize glassy polymer membranes. To quantify the errors associated with the conventional time-lag assumptions and to fundamentally comprehend the impact of nonlinearities on the time-lag method, a comprehensive numerical investigation has been undertaken using the finite difference method. The investigation has clearly put in evidence the effect of the various Langmuir parameters on the accuracy of the time lag and on the time required to achieve steady state. This investigation also allowed assessing the errors associated with the usual assumptions made on the boundary conditions in determining the time lag. In this study, three novel gas membrane characterization methods were developed and proposed. Two of the proposed methods are concerned with the characterization of membranes that can be represented with a linear sorption isotherm. These two methods are entirely based on the upstream pressure measurements. The third membrane characterization method that is proposed is based on the dynamic monitoring of both upstream and downstream pressure measurements and is applicable to systems that exhibit a nonlinear isotherm sorption behavior. The three proposed methods are promising and further experimental validation is recommended to determine their full range of applicability.
Book Synopsis Inorganic Membranes: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications by : Reyes Mallada
Download or read book Inorganic Membranes: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications written by Reyes Mallada and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-05-01 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approx.480 pages Approx.480 pages
Book Synopsis Formation, characterization and mathematical modeling of the aerobic granular sludge by : Bing-Jie Ni
Download or read book Formation, characterization and mathematical modeling of the aerobic granular sludge written by Bing-Jie Ni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-25 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerobic granular sludge technology will play an important role as an innovative technology alternative to the present activated sludge process in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment in the near future. Intended to fill the gaps in the studies of aerobic granular sludge, this thesis comprehensively investigates the formation, characterization and mathematical modeling of aerobic granular sludge, through integrating the process engineering tools and advanced molecular microbiology. The research results of this thesis contributed significantly to the advance of understanding and optimization of the bacterial granulation processes, the next generation of technology for cost-effective biological wastewater treatment. Dr. Bing-Jie Ni works at Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC) of The University of Queensland, Australia.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Biological Membranes by : Mu-Ping Nieh
Download or read book Characterization of Biological Membranes written by Mu-Ping Nieh and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-07-22 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of membranes has become of high importance in the fields of biology, pharmaceutical chemistry and medicine, since much of what happens in a cell or in a virus involves biological membranes. The current book is an excellent introduction to the area, which explains how modern analytical methods can be applied to study biological membranes and membrane proteins and the bioprocesses they are involved to.
Book Synopsis Inorganic Membranes Synthesis, Characteristics and Applications by : R. Bhave
Download or read book Inorganic Membranes Synthesis, Characteristics and Applications written by R. Bhave and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is the first book devoted completely to inorganic membrane separations and applications. It provides detailed information on all aspects of the development and utilization of both commercial and developmental inorganic membranes and membrane-based processes, pointing out their key advantages and limitations as separation tools. Characteristics, technological advances, and future applications of inorganic membranes are discussed in depth. An overview of the origins of these membranes provides a basis for understanding emerging technologies in the field. Coverage of thermal, chemical, surface, and mechanical properties of inorganic membranes includes discussion of pore diameter, thickness, and membrane morphology. You'll gain valuable insights into membrane modification, as well as the design and operation of membrane filtration units. Also included are sections on how to analyze mechanisms that affect flux feature models for prediction of micro- and ultrafiltration flux that help you minimize flux decline. Descriptions of cross-flow membrane filtration and common operating configurations clarify the influence of important operating parameters on system performance. Parameters influencing solute retention properties during ultrafiltration are identified and discussed or treated in detail.
Download or read book Electrochemistry written by H R Thirsk and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued.
Book Synopsis Membrane Physiology by : Thomas E. Andreoli
Download or read book Membrane Physiology written by Thomas E. Andreoli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane Physiology (Second Edition) is a soft-cover book containing portions of Physiology of Membrane Disorders (Second Edition). The parent volume contains six major sections. This text encompasses the first three sections: The Nature of Biological Membranes, Methods for Studying Membranes, and General Problems in Membrane Biology. We hope that this smaller volume will be helpful to individuals interested in general physiology and the methods for studying general physiology. THOMAS E. ANDREOLI JOSEPH F. HOFFMAN DARRELL D. FANESTIL STANLEY G. SCHULTZ vii Preface to the Second Edition The second edition of Physiology of Membrane Disorders represents an extensive revision and a considerable expansion of the first edition. Yet the purpose of the second edition is identical to that of its predecessor, namely, to provide a rational analysis of membrane transport processes in individual membranes, cells, tissues, and organs, which in tum serves as a frame of reference for rationalizing disorders in which derangements of membrane transport processes playa cardinal role in the clinical expression of disease. As in the first edition, this book is divided into a number of individual, but closely related, sections. Part V represents a new section where the problem of transport across epithelia is treated in some detail. Finally, Part VI, which analyzes clinical derangements, has been enlarged appreciably.
Book Synopsis PEM Water Electrolysis by : Dmitri Bessarabov
Download or read book PEM Water Electrolysis written by Dmitri Bessarabov and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Primers is a series of concise books that present those coming into this broad and multidisciplinary field the most recent advances in each of its particular topics. Its volumes bring together information that has thus far been scattered in many different sources under one single title, which makes them a useful reference for industry professionals, researchers and graduate students, especially those starting in a new topic of research. These volumes, PEM Water Electrolysis vol 1 and 2, allows these readers to identify the technology gaps for the development of commercially viable PEM electrolysis systems for energy applications. This primer examines the fundamentals of PEM electrolysis and selected research topics that are currently subject of attention by academic and industry community, such as gas cross-over and AST protocols. This lays the foundation for the exploration of the current industrial trends for PEM electrolysis, such as power to gas application, are discussed, with strong focus on the current trends in the application of PEM electrolysis associated with energy storage. These include durability aspects of PEM electrolysis systems and components, accelerated stress test protocols, manufacturing aspects of large-scale electrolyzers and components, gas crossover problems in PEM electrolyzer safety, and challenges associated with high-current density operation of PEM electrolyzers. A technology development matrix for systems and components requirements will also be covered, as well as unconventional PEM water electrolysis systems, such as ozone generators Presents the fundamentals and most current knowledge in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers Explores the technology gaps and challenges for commercial deployment of PEM water electrolysis technologies Includes unconventional systems, such as ozone generators Brings together information from many different sources under one single title, making it a useful reference for industry professionals, researchers and graduate students alike
Book Synopsis Physiology of Membrane Disorders by : Thomas E. Andreoli
Download or read book Physiology of Membrane Disorders written by Thomas E. Andreoli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 1062 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Physiology of Membrane Disorders represents an extensive revision and a considerable expansion of the first edition . Yet the purpose ofthe second edition is identical to that of its predecessor, namely, to provide a rational analysis of membrane transport processes in individual membranes, cells, tissues, and organs, which in tum serves as a frame of reference for rationalizing disorders in which derangements of membrane transport processes playa cardinal role in the clinical expression of disease. As in the first edition, this book is divided into a number of individual, but closely related, sections. Part V represents a new section where the problem of transport across epithelia is treated in some detail. Finally, Part VI, which analyzes clinical derangements, has been enlarged appreciably. THE EDITORS xi Preface to the First Edition The purpose of this book is to provide the reader with a rational frame of reference for assessing the pa thophysiology of those disorders in which derangements of membrane transport processes are a major factor responsible for the clinical manifestations of disease. In the present context, we use the term "membrane transport to refer to those molecular processes whose cardinal function, broadly speaking, is processes" in a catholic sense, the vectorial transfer of molecules-either individually or as ensembles-across biological interfaces, the latter including those interfaces which separate different intracellular compartments, the cellular and extracellular com partments, and secreted fluids-such as glomerular filtrate-and extracellular fluids.
Book Synopsis Polymeric Gas Separation Membranes by : D.R. Paul
Download or read book Polymeric Gas Separation Membranes written by D.R. Paul and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymeric Gas Separation Membranes is an outstanding reference devoted to discussing the separation of gases by membranes. An international team of contributors examines the latest findings of membrane science and practical applications and explores the complete spectrum of relevant topics from fundamentals of gas sorption and diffusion in polymers to vapor separation from air. They also compare membrane processes with other separation technologies. This essential book will be valuable to all practitioners and students in membrane science and technology.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
