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Characterization Of Ice Roughness From Simulated Icing Encounters
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Book Synopsis Characterization of Ice Roughness From Simulated Icing Encounters by : David N. Anderson
Download or read book Characterization of Ice Roughness From Simulated Icing Encounters written by David N. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Ice Roughness and Influence on Aerodynamic Performance of Simulated Ice Shapes by : Robert Henry
Download or read book Characterization of Ice Roughness and Influence on Aerodynamic Performance of Simulated Ice Shapes written by Robert Henry and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurement and Correlation of Ice Accretion Roughness by :
Download or read book Measurement and Correlation of Ice Accretion Roughness written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ice Adhesion written by K. L. Mittal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book presents ways to mitigate the disastrous effects of snow/ice accumulation and discusses the mechanisms of new coatings deicing technologies. The strategies currently used to combat ice accumulation problems involve chemical, mechanical or electrical approaches. These are expensive and labor intensive, and the use of chemicals raises serious environmental concerns. The availability of truly icephobic surfaces or coatings will be a big boon in preventing the devastating effects of ice accumulation. Currently, there is tremendous interest in harnessing nanotechnology in rendering surfaces icephobic or in devising icephobic surface materials and coatings, and all signals indicate that such interest will continue unabated in the future. As the key issue regarding icephobic materials or coatings is their durability, much effort is being spent in developing surface materials or coatings which can be effective over a long period. With the tremendous activity in this arena, there is strong hope that in the not too distant future, durable surface materials or coatings will come to fruition. This book contains 20 chapters by subject matter experts and is divided into three parts— Part 1: Fundamentals of Ice Formation and Characterization; Part 2: Ice Adhesion and Its Measurement; and Part 3: Methods to Mitigate Ice Adhesion. The topics covered include: factors influencing the formation, adhesion and friction of ice; ice nucleation on solid surfaces; physics of ice nucleation and growth on a surface; condensation frosting; defrosting properties of structured surfaces; relationship between surface free energy and ice adhesion to surfaces; metrology of ice adhesion; test methods for quantifying ice adhesion strength to surfaces; interlaboratory studies of ice adhesion strength; mechanisms of surface icing and deicing technologies; icephobicities of superhydrophobic surfaces; anti-icing using microstructured surfaces; icephobic surfaces: features and challenges; bio-inspired anti-icing surface materials; durability of anti-icing coatings; durability of icephobic coatings; bio-inspired icephobic coatings; protection from ice accretion on aircraft; and numerical modeling and its application to inflight icing.
Book Synopsis NASA's Contributions to Aeronautics, Volume 2, Flight Environment ..., NASA/SP-2010-570-Vol 2, 2010, * by :
Download or read book NASA's Contributions to Aeronautics, Volume 2, Flight Environment ..., NASA/SP-2010-570-Vol 2, 2010, * written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 1066 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis NASA's Contributions to Aeronautics: Flight environment, operations, flight testing, and research by :
Download or read book NASA's Contributions to Aeronautics: Flight environment, operations, flight testing, and research written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two-volume collection of case studies on aspects of NACA-NASA research by noted engineers, airmen, historians, museum curators, journalists, and independent scholars. Explores various aspects of how NACA-NASA research took aeronautics from the subsonic to the hypersonic era.-publisher description.
Book Synopsis Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications by :
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1998-07 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Aerospace Abstracts by :
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 4th AIAA Theoretical Fluid Mechanics Meeting: 05-5053 - 05-5386 by :
Download or read book 4th AIAA Theoretical Fluid Mechanics Meeting: 05-5053 - 05-5386 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 36th Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit by :
Download or read book 36th Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analytical Ice Shape Predictions for Flight in Natural Icing Conditions by :
Download or read book Analytical Ice Shape Predictions for Flight in Natural Icing Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Surface Roughness Generation in Aircraft Ice Accretion by : R. John Hansman
Download or read book Analysis of Surface Roughness Generation in Aircraft Ice Accretion written by R. John Hansman and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Strain Rate Variation on the Shear Adhesion Strength of Impact Ice by : Rebekah Douglass
Download or read book Effects of Strain Rate Variation on the Shear Adhesion Strength of Impact Ice written by Rebekah Douglass and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In-flight ice accretion on fixed-wing aircraft and rotorcraft can be catastrophic if not mitigated. Most modern ice protection systems are active systems, which require electrical or mechanical power to remove accreted ice. Despite their proven capability to protect aircraft from ice accretion, these methods can reduce the aerodynamic efficiency of the vehicle and increase its weight, cost, and complexity. Scientists and engineers now seek passive, erosion-resistant materials and coatings with low ice adhesion strength. Ideally, such materials, when applied to vulnerable components of an aircraft, would cause any ice to shed off the surface under normal aerodynamic loading. To aid in the development of low-ice-adhesion-strength materials, the growth and structural behavior of impact ice in a wide range of atmospheric conditions must be characterized. Facilities such as the NASA Icing Research Tunnel (IRT), the Anti-Icing Materials International Laboratory (AMIL), and the Penn State Adverse Environment Research Testing Systems (AERTS) laboratory, to name a few, have spent decades investigating the relationship between ice adhesion strength, temperature, surface roughness, airspeed, and other parameters. The structural behavior of ice has been examined under pure shear, tension, and compression, and mixed-mode loading. However, one important loading consideration that has not been widely investigated on atmospheric ice is strain rate. Very few published ice adhesion studies report the strain rate applied to the ice samples. Several previous studies of laboratory-prepared ice in compression revealed that ice undergoes a ductile-to-brittle transition under high strain rate conditions, and that the adhesion strength is a power function of the strain rate. Other studies, in which lab-prepared ice was loaded in pure shear, reported similar trends. It is unclear whether the same behavior can be expected of dynamically-accreted atmospheric impact ice. Knowledge of the relationship between impact ice adhesion strength and strain rate is important because it can be used to design future ice protection systems, and it may dictate the appropriate course of action for a pilot flying through icing conditionsfor instance, whether a helicopter pilot should increase the rotor speed rapidly or slowly to induce shedding of the ice. NASA Glenn Research Center funded the design and construction of a new centrifuge-style ice adhesion test rig (AJ2) by the Penn State AERTS lab. The ice is accreted dynamically by spinning flat metal test coupons at high speed inside a simulated icing cloud environment, so the water droplet sizes and impact speed are representative of in-flight icing, without the need for a wind tunnel. The rig motor allows for user-defined acceleration rates, so the strain rate on the ice can be controlled. The adhesion strength of the ice is calculated from the voltage output of strain gauges mounted on the cantilever beams holding the test coupons. Unlike other small-scale adhesion test methods, AJ2 allows researchers to collect real-time adhesion data and control the testing environment without any direct interaction with the ice, thus preserving the fidelity of the data. As per NASA requirements, ballistic and structural analysis was performed on the rig to verify its safety. The design and analysis of the AJ2 rig is described in detail in this paper. Many experiments were performed at Penn State to investigate how the adhesion strength of impact ice related to the strain rate applied to it. Stainless steel test coupons of known surface roughness were tested in a range of environmental temperatures. The strain rates applied to the ice ranged between 5x10-7 and 5x10-5 s-1. It was discovered that a similar power function exists between strain rate and adhesion strength as found in the freezer-ice studies described in the literature. Despite scatter in the data, regression analysis determined the trends to be statistically significant. The data suggests that strain rate has a stronger effect on adhesion strength for smoother surfaces as opposed to rougher surfaces. The power 1/n for a coupon roughness of 64 nm (Sa) was double that of the 80-nm coupon; this was the case for both tested temperatures. Similarly, lower temperatures caused a higher power 1/n and coefficient c in the power function. The variation of the coefficient with temperature is consistent with Glens power law for the creep of glacier ice in compression. However, Glen did not observe a variation of the power with temperature. The value of n in the current study ranged from 2.5 for the smoothest sample at the coldest temperature, to 9.7 for the roughest sample at the warmest temperature. In most cases, n was within the range of previously-reported values in literature (1.5 to 6). These findings suggest that the creep behavior of atmospheric impact ice in shear is similarbut not identicalto freezer ice in compression. The proven strain rate testing capabilities of the AJ2 rig will aid icing research efforts by yielding baseline prediction data for future design of ice-resistant materials.
Book Synopsis 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit by :
Download or read book 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ice Roughness Estimation Via Remotely Piloted Aircraft and Photogrammetry by : James Ehrman
Download or read book Ice Roughness Estimation Via Remotely Piloted Aircraft and Photogrammetry written by James Ehrman and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photogrammetry conducted with images obtained via Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) has revolutionized the field of land surface monitoring. It is particularly useful where land surface data collection would otherwise be expensive or dangerous. The monitoring of fluvial ice covers can be time-intensive, dangerous, and costly. Fluvial ice roughness is a sensitive parameter in hydraulic models and is difficult to measure using traditional field methods. This research hypothesizes that the surface roughness of a fluvial ice cover is indicative of subsurface roughness. The hypothesis was tested through a comparison of ice roughness determined through inverse hydraulic modeling and ice roughness determined through statistical analysis of ice surfaces derived through RPA-photogrammetry. Hydraulic and topographic data were collected over two years of field research on the Dauphin River in Manitoba, Canada. Various statistical metrics were used to represent the roughness of the surfaces. Strong correlation was identified in the comparison of ice cover roughness determined through RPA-photogrammetry and roughness calculated via the Nezhikhovskiy equation, as well as ice thickness. Some correlation was observed between ice cover roughness observed through RPA-photogrammetry and ice roughness predicted through inverse hydraulic modeling. The inter-quartile range (IQR) was the most representative roughness metric. The maximum peak value performed better in some cases, but this metric would be heavily influenced by outliers, and was rejected as a representative metric. Three distinct forms of surface ice roughness were noted: rough, smooth, and ridged. Statistical properties of elevation data of fluvial ice covers were calculated, none were found to be normally distributed. K-means clustering analysis was used to group cover into two categories, which were interpreted as rough and smooth ice. The IQR of the rough and smooth categories were 0.07 - 0.12 m and 0.01 - 0.05 m, respectively. RPA-photogrammetry was concluded to be a suitable method for monitoring of fluvial ice covers, but more research is needed to confirm that surface ice cover roughness observed through this method is directly applicable to hydraulic modeling. Other applications of RPA-photogrammetry for the characterization of fluvial ice covers are proposed.
Book Synopsis Technical Evaluation Report, AGARD Fluid Dynamics Panel Symposium on Effects of Adverse Weather on Aerodynamics by :
Download or read book Technical Evaluation Report, AGARD Fluid Dynamics Panel Symposium on Effects of Adverse Weather on Aerodynamics written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :32 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (243 download)
Book Synopsis AGARD Advisory Report by : North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development
Download or read book AGARD Advisory Report written by North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: