Characterization Demulsification And Transportation Of Heavy Crude Oil Via Oil In Water O W Emulsion

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Characterization, Demulsification and Transportation of Heavy Crude Oil Via Oil-in-water (o/w) Emulsion

Author : Chew Fern Tan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization, Demulsification and Transportation of Heavy Crude Oil Via Oil-in-water (o/w) Emulsion by : Chew Fern Tan

Download or read book Characterization, Demulsification and Transportation of Heavy Crude Oil Via Oil-in-water (o/w) Emulsion written by Chew Fern Tan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of heavy crude oil is limited due to its high viscosity. It is expected to increase in the future as low viscosity crudes are depleted. The high viscosity lead to increase of pump energy as it creates high pressure drop. In order to reduce the viscosity of the heavy crude, it is suggested to mix it with water and optimum emulsifiers to create a lower viscous fluid, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. In this study, both chemical and physical properties of O/W emulsion that prepared by using cocoamide DEA (nonionic and biodegradable surfactant that synthesis from coconut oil) and two types of conventional chemical emulsifiers (Span 83 and Triton X-100) were investigated. O/W emulsions with two different ratios (50-50% and 65-35%) were prepared at three different mixing speed (500rpm, 1000rpm and 1500rpm) with the concentrations (0.2 wt%, 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt%) of each emulsifier. These emulsions were tested for relative rates of water separation (stability test), viscosity, shear stress and shear rate at varied temperature and stirring speed of Brookfield viscometer. While the droplet size was carried out by using Carl Zeiss Research Microscope and its software. Results sho that Span 83 at 1.0 wt% mixed with 65-35% O/W with 1500rpm mixing speed obtained the most stable emulsion for transportation compared to the other two. Then, its chemical properties were tested via Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). These chemical properties are important in order to predict the occurrence of wax deposition during the transportation. The transportation of the emulsion then carried out by using the laboratory scale pipeline. Demulsification is the process of separation of water from crude oil. Crude oil need to be separate efficiently and quickly from the water to allow further treatment. This is to ensure the crude oil value can be maximized and the operating cost can be minimized. Demulsifiers (Hexylamine and Coco Amine) with different concentrations (0.2 wt% and 0.5 wt%) were used for transportation. The relative rates of water separation were characterized via beaker test. Coco amine that synthesized from coconut oil promotes the best coalescene of droplets compared with the conventional demulsifier that used in this study which is hexylamine.

Characterization, Demulsification and Transportation of Heavy Crude Oil

Author : Abdurahman H. Nour
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783848404582
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization, Demulsification and Transportation of Heavy Crude Oil by : Abdurahman H. Nour

Download or read book Characterization, Demulsification and Transportation of Heavy Crude Oil written by Abdurahman H. Nour and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-02 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable concentrated oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were prepared and their application for heavy oil pipeline transportation was investigated using very viscous Malaysian heavy crude oil. Two Malaysian heavy crude oil samples, Tapis and a blend of Tapis and Masilla, were used to produce heavy crude oil-in-water emulsions. The diverse factors affecting the properties and stability of emulsions were investigated. There was a restricted limit of 68 vol. % and 72 vol. % for crude oil content in the emulsions, and beyond that limit, the emulsion underwent phase inversion. The study revealed that the stability of the oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by Triton X-100 increases as the surfactant concentration increases, with a subsequent decrease in the crude oil-water interfacial tension (IFT). Increasing the oil content, the speed and duration of mixing, the salt concentration and the pH of the aqueous phase of the emulsion; resulted in increased emulsion stability, while increases in the temperature of the homogenization process substantially reduced the viscosity of the prepared emulsions.

Oil-in-water Emulsion Technique Enhancement for Viscous Crude Oil Flow in Pipelines

Author : Muhammad Fawwaz Abdul Wahab
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 77 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Oil-in-water Emulsion Technique Enhancement for Viscous Crude Oil Flow in Pipelines by : Muhammad Fawwaz Abdul Wahab

Download or read book Oil-in-water Emulsion Technique Enhancement for Viscous Crude Oil Flow in Pipelines written by Muhammad Fawwaz Abdul Wahab and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of heavy crude oil is limited due to its high viscosity. It is expected to increase in the future as low viscosity crudes are depleted. The high viscosity lead to the increasing of pump energy as it creates high pressure drop. In order to reduce the viscosity of the heavy crude, it is suggested to mix it with water and optimum emulsifiers to create a lower viscous fluid, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. In this study, both chemical and physical properties of O/W emulsion that is prepared by using cocoamide DEA (non-ionic and biodegradable surfactant that synthesis from coconut oil) and two types of conventional chemical emulsifiers (Span 80 and Triton X-100) were investigated. O/W emulsions with three different ratios (50 - 50% and 65 - 35% and 80 - 20%) were prepared at a mixing speed of 2000 rpm with the concentrations of (1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt% and 2.0 wt%) of each emulsifier. These emulsions were tested for relative rates of water separation (stability test), viscosity, shear stress and shear rate at room temperature and stirring speed of Brookfield viscometer. While the droplet size was carried out by using Carl Zeiss Research Microscope and its software. Result shows that Span 80 at 1.0 wt% mixed at each ratio of 50 - 50%, 65 - 35% and 80 - 20% O/W with 2000 rpm mixing speed obtained the most stable emulsions for transportation compared to the other emulsifiers. Demulsification is the process of separation of water from crude oil. Crude oil needs to be separated efficiently and quickly from the water to allow further treatment. This is to ensure the crude oil value can be maximized and the operating cost can be minimized. Demulsifiers (Hexylamine, Cocamide MEA and Dioctylamine) with different concentrations (1.0 wt%, 1.5% and 2.0 wt%) were used for demulsification. The relative rates of water separation were characterized via beaker test.

Crude Oil Emulsions

Author : Manar Abdel-Raouf
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535102206
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Crude Oil Emulsions by : Manar Abdel-Raouf

Download or read book Crude Oil Emulsions written by Manar Abdel-Raouf and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-02 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petroleum "black gold" is the most important nonrenewable source of energy. It is a complex mixture of different phases and components. Refining it provides a vast number of organic compounds, all of them of which are used to produce petroleum based products for numerous applications, from industry to medicine, from clothing to food industries. We can find petroleum based products all around us. This book deals with some important topics related to petroleum such as its chemical composition and stability. It is well-known that the chemical composition of crude oil differs according to the site of production, and its grade varies from waxy to asphaltenic crude. Both of them are refined to produce different products. The stability of crude oil on aging and transportation is governed by several factors and these factors are included within this book. Some new technologies for petroleum characterization are also introduced. This book is aimed at researchers, chemical engineers and people working within the petroleum industry.

Pipeline Transportation of Heavy Crude Oil-in-water Emulsion

Author : Liyana Nadirah Mat Suli
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Pipeline Transportation of Heavy Crude Oil-in-water Emulsion by : Liyana Nadirah Mat Suli

Download or read book Pipeline Transportation of Heavy Crude Oil-in-water Emulsion written by Liyana Nadirah Mat Suli and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing world energy demand, heavy crude oils represent a significant energy supply that will play an important role. However these petroleum products are known to present technical challengers in all phase operation which is reservoir, transportation, and refining. The crude oil has high viscosity that would be challenge and difficult to transport via pipeline. This researched focus on two parts, first factors that effect stability of crude oil in water during transportation part. Second part is breaking oil in water emulsions. These investigations used 4 different types of surfactant to study stability part, and two types of demulsifiers for breaking the emulsion. The result showed increasing of oil content, the speed and temperature mixing of the emulsion resulted in increased emulsion stability. Span 80 is the most stable emulsifier for emulsion stability compared to the other surfactant. The graph plot between shear rate and shear stress shows the behavior of the crude oil. Demulsification of the stable crude oil in water emulsion was achieved by using hexylamine with 2% concentration which is the best demusifier.

Petroleum Engineering Handbook

Author : Larry W. Lake
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 930 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Petroleum Engineering Handbook by : Larry W. Lake

Download or read book Petroleum Engineering Handbook written by Larry W. Lake and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Petroleum Engineering Handbook has long been recognized as a valuable comprehensive reference book that offers practical day-to-day applications for students and experienced engineering professionals alike. Available now in 7 Volumes, Volume 1 covers General Engineering topics including chapters on mathematics, fluid properties (fluid sampling techniques; properties and correlations of oil, gas, condensate, and water; hydrocarbon phase behavior and phase diagrams for hydrocarbon systems; the phase behavior of water/hydrocarbon systems; and the properties of waxes, asphaltenes, and crude oil emulsions), rock properties (bulk rock properties, permeability, relative permeability, and capillary pressure), the economic and regulatory environment, and the role of fossil energy in the 21st century energy mix.

Stability and Chemical Demulsification of Water-in-crude Oil Emulsion (chemical Method)

Author : Siow Fui Tam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Stability and Chemical Demulsification of Water-in-crude Oil Emulsion (chemical Method) by : Siow Fui Tam

Download or read book Stability and Chemical Demulsification of Water-in-crude Oil Emulsion (chemical Method) written by Siow Fui Tam and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation of water-in-crude oil (W/O) emulsion can be encountered at many stages during drilling, producing, transporting and processing of crude oils. A good understanding of petroleum emulsions is necessary for the intention to control and enhance the processes in all these stages. In this study, both chemical and physicochemical properties of W/O emulsions that prepared by using cocamide DEA (non-ionic and biodegradable surfactant that synthesized from coconut oil) and three types of conventional chemical emulsifiers (span 83, SDDS, triton X-100) were investigated. 50-50% W/O emulsions were prepared at 800rpm (mixing speed) with three different concentrations of each emulsifier. These emulsions were tested for relative rates of water separation (stability test), viscosity, shear stress, and shear rate at varied temperature and stirring speed of Brookfield viscometer. Results shown that span 83 and cocamide DEA were both effective. For chemical demulsification, demulsifiers with different concentrations were used to treat 50-50 and 20-80% W/O emulsions prepared at varied mixing speed. The relative rates of water separation were characterized via beaker tests. Coco amine and palm-based oleyl amine (synthesized from coconut oil and palm oil) were concluded to promote the best coalescence of droplets in compared with others conventional demulsifiers: hexylamine, PEG 600, and propylene glycol.

Encyclopedic Handbook of Emulsion Technology

Author : Johan Sjoblom
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781420029581
Total Pages : 766 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedic Handbook of Emulsion Technology by : Johan Sjoblom

Download or read book Encyclopedic Handbook of Emulsion Technology written by Johan Sjoblom and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-03-16 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of fundamental characteristics, theories and applications for liquid-liquid colloidal dispersions. It profiles experimental and traditional measurement techniques in a variety of emulsified systems, including rheology, nuclear magnetic resonance, dielectric spectroscopy, microcalorimetry, video enhanced microscopy, and conductivity.

Surfactants

Author : Laurier Lincoln Schramm
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521640679
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (216 download)

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Book Synopsis Surfactants by : Laurier Lincoln Schramm

Download or read book Surfactants written by Laurier Lincoln Schramm and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-23 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2000 book provides an introduction to the nature, occurrence, physical properties, propagation, and uses of surfactants in the petroleum industry.

Pipeline Transportation for Heavy Crude Oil Via Oil-in-Water Emulsions

Author : Abdurahman Nour
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783845400303
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Pipeline Transportation for Heavy Crude Oil Via Oil-in-Water Emulsions by : Abdurahman Nour

Download or read book Pipeline Transportation for Heavy Crude Oil Via Oil-in-Water Emulsions written by Abdurahman Nour and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the combination of an increase in world energy demand and the decline of conventional oils, heavy crude oils have been presented as a relevant hydrocarbons resource for use in the future. Hydrocarbon resources are very important given that they account for approximately 65% of the world's overall energy resources. Currently, there are three general approaches for transportation of heavy and extra heavy oil: viscosity reduction, drag minimization and in-situ oil upgrading. This book introduces Another promising pipeline technique is the transport of viscous crudes as concentrated oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions.

Elucidation of Physio-chemical Characterization of Ultrasonic Chemically Demulsified Crude Oil

Author : Wafaa Kamil Mahmood
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Elucidation of Physio-chemical Characterization of Ultrasonic Chemically Demulsified Crude Oil by : Wafaa Kamil Mahmood

Download or read book Elucidation of Physio-chemical Characterization of Ultrasonic Chemically Demulsified Crude Oil written by Wafaa Kamil Mahmood and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formation of emulsions during oil production and processing is a costly problem, both in terms of chemicals used and production losses. It is necessary to separate the water completely from the crude oils before transporting to refinery. Traditional ways of breaking emulsions using heat and chemicals are disadvantageous from both economic and environmental perspectives. In this thesis, an alternative and multiple frequency energy potential of ultrasonic-assisted chemicals (environmental friendly) in demulsification of water-in-crude oil emulsions were utilized and investigated. Two types of crude oils were used namely; (Tapis and Miri crude oils). The study begun with some characterization studies to provide understanding of fundamental issues such as formation, formulation and breaking of emulsions by both chemicals and ultrasonic approaches. The aim was to obtain optimized operating conditions as well as fundamental understanding of water-in-oil stability, upon which further development of the demulsification process could be developed. The stability studies were carried out by analyzing operating conditions such as surfactant concentration, surfactant type, oil type, temperature and water-oil ratio (30-50%). For stability performance test, four emulsifiers were used namely; Triton X-100, Span 83, Cocamide DEA and SDDS. It was found that there exist a correlation between these factors and emulsion stability. Among these, emulsion stabilized by cocamide DEA was the best and followed by Span 83, SDDS and Triton X-100 respectively. For chemical emulsification performance test, five types of demulsifies with different functional groups were utilized; these are Hexylamine, Dioctylamine, Cocamine, Polyethylene Glycol, PEG 1000 and PEG 600. Among these; Hexylamine was found to be the best in separating water and oil from emulsions (88%) and followed by cocamine (81%), Dioctylamine (79%), PEG 1000 (76%) and PEG 600 (70%). For ultrasonic forces (3, 5, 7 and 9) applied for emulsion breaking, results were significantly enhanced the separation time and amount of water separated. Results showed that, ultrasonic power, 9 and Hexylamine (1.0%) in demulsifying the crude oil A stabilized by Span 83 with maximum water separation of 96% after 150 min. Also, and within the same operating conditions mentioned above, a maximum water separation up to 99% was achieved with crude oil B. The other investigated demulsifiers with ultrasonic force showed also high water separation percentages such as cocamine (1.0%) emulsifier with 91% and 93% for crude oils A and B emulsions respectively. The results obtained in this thesis have exposed the capability of ultrasonic-assisted chemicals technology in demulsification of W/O emulsions. Further works are nevertheless required to provide deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved to facilitate the development of an optimum system applicable to the industry.

Optimized Heavy Oil-in-water Emulsions for Flow in Pipelines

Author : Nabijan Nizamidin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 714 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (958 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimized Heavy Oil-in-water Emulsions for Flow in Pipelines by : Nabijan Nizamidin

Download or read book Optimized Heavy Oil-in-water Emulsions for Flow in Pipelines written by Nabijan Nizamidin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oilfield operations such as drilling, reservoir management, and production require the injection and/or production of complex fluids to improve the extraction of crude oils. Some of these complex fluids such as drilling muds, fracking fluids, foams, emulsions, surfactants, and polymers, fall under the classification of colloidal suspensions which is one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles suspended throughout another substance. These colloidal suspensions show complex rheological properties that are dependent on the suspension properties, flow conditions, and flow conduit dimensions. Rheology of colloidal suspensions is a complex subject that is still being investigated. The focus of this study is on heavy oil-in-water emulsions. Heavy oil and bitumen resources account for approximately 70% of the remaining oil discovered to date in the world. Heavy crude oils are costly to produce, transport, and refine compared to light crude oils due to the high viscosity of heavy crude oils. To improve the economic viability of producing heavy oils, especially in a time with low crude oil prices, operational expenses must be reduced. One of the main areas to improve is the cost associated with transporting produced heavy oils from production wells to refineries. Currently, heavy oils are diluted with low viscosity diluents such as condensates and light crude oils to lower the mixture viscosity below 350 cSt before heavy oils can be transported through pipelines. The diluted mixtures require up to 50% (vol.) diluents to lower the heavy oil viscosity. High demand and low supply of condensates and constrained pipeline capacities have resulted in pipeline transportation costs of up to $22/bbl of diluted heavy oil from Canada to refineries in the U.S. An alternative method of transporting heavy oils is to transport heavy oils in an emulsified form, heavy oil-in-water emulsions, which can show orders of magnitude lower viscosities compared to the viscosity of heavy oils. In this study, a simple, one-step method of preparing heavy oil-in-water emulsions was developed. The physical properties of heavy oil-in-water emulsions are controlled and modified by optimizing the chemical formulation used to prepare emulsions. Stable heavy oil-in-water emulsions can be prepared with chemical formulations that are tailored to the type of heavy oils and available water sources which can range from freshwater to softened seawater. The rheology of heavy oil-in-water emulsions has been characterized with a rotational viscometer. Heavy oil-in-water emulsions, especially concentrated emulsions, showed complex rheological properties such as shear thinning behavior, two-step yield stresses, two-step wall slips, and rheopexy. A rheological equation and a wall slip equation have been developed to model the rheology of heavy oil-in-water emulsions over a range of shear rates and flow conduit dimensions. Heavy oil-in-water emulsions characterized with capillary tube viscometers showed drastically different viscosity measurements compared to the viscosity measurements obtained with a rotational viscometer. This is important because the flow of emulsions in pipelines are similar to the flow of emulsions in capillary tube viscometers, not rotational viscometers. The lower viscosities measured with capillary tube viscometers are attributed to oil droplet migration away from the tube walls due to the shear heterogeneity observed in Poiseuille (tube) flow. A scaling equation was proposed to relate the viscosity measurements of emulsions with a rotation viscometer to the viscosity measurements of emulsions with capillary tube viscometers. The rheological measurements of heavy oil-in-water emulsions are used to estimate the flow of emulsions in crude oil pipelines with various radii. Viscosity measurements of optimized heavy oil-in-water emulsions with a rotational viscometer showed that heavy oil-in-water emulsions with up to 75% dispersed heavy oil can be successfully transported in crude oil pipelines. Adding the effect of oil droplet migration measured with capillary tube viscometers, heavy oil-in-water emulsions with up to 85-90% dispersed heavy oil can be successfully transported in crude oil pipelines. The cost of chemicals used to prepare 85% heavy oil-in-water emulsion is approximately $1-3/bbl of emulsion. Heavy oil-in-water emulsions also showed drag reduction properties which can significantly increase the maximum flow capacity of crude oil pipelines. Transporting heavy oils as concentrated heavy oil-in-water emulsions appeared to be a competitive if not a better method of lowering heavy oil viscosity compared to the diluent method in terms of cost and flow performance in pipelines.

Natural Surfactants

Author : Neha Saxena
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030785483
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Surfactants by : Neha Saxena

Download or read book Natural Surfactants written by Neha Saxena and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-15 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the use of natural surfactants in enhanced oil recovery, providing an overview of surfactants, their types, and different physical–chemical properties used to analyse the efficiency of surfactants. Natural surfactants discuss the history of the surfactants, their classification, and the use of surfactants in petroleum industry. Special attention has been paid to natural surfactants and their advantages over synthetic surfactants, including analysing their properties such as emulsification, interfacial tension, and wettability and how these can be used in EOR. This book offers an overview for researchers and graduate students in the fields of petroleum and chemical engineering, as well as oil and gas industry professionals.

Pipe-line Transportation of Heavy Oil-in-water Emulsion

Author : Vickneswaran Nagaratnam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 53 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Pipe-line Transportation of Heavy Oil-in-water Emulsion by : Vickneswaran Nagaratnam

Download or read book Pipe-line Transportation of Heavy Oil-in-water Emulsion written by Vickneswaran Nagaratnam and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diverse factors affecting the viscosity of a viscous crude oil-in-water emulsion for pipeline transportation were studied. The factors that are taken into account is effect of oil content, type and concentration of the surfactant, and speed of mixing, Agent in water method is used in the preparation of oil in water emulsions. The oil content ratio used in this study is 50-50, 70-30, and 90-10 by volume. Different surfactants, namely Triton X-100, Span 80 and Tween 80 are used to determine the best surfactant to emulsify heavy oil. The speed of mixing used in this study is 1000rpm, 1500rpm and 2000rpm. This study is conducted in room temperature. Amine functional group demulsifier are used to study the destabilization of heavy oil in water emulsions. The demulsifier used in this study is hexylamine and dioctylamine. The viscosity of the oil in water emulsion was found to decrease as the oil content of the emulsion decreased, and the speed of mixing decreased. The stability of the crude oil-in-water emulsions increases as the oil content of the emulsions increases, the surfactant concentration increases, and the speed of mixing increases. Hexylamine remove more water over time in the destabilization process. Hence, hexylamine is a better demulsifier than dioctlamine. From this research it can be concluded that oil in water emulsion method can reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil greatly.

Investigating Oil Mixture Flow Characterization

Author : Charlotte Sui Mei Kho
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigating Oil Mixture Flow Characterization by : Charlotte Sui Mei Kho

Download or read book Investigating Oil Mixture Flow Characterization written by Charlotte Sui Mei Kho and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this research the high viscosity of crude oil exerts high turbulences creates the resistance (drag) and lower the mobility and flow of the crude oil. Thus, more power is needed to transport the fluid. This research is to investigate oil mixture performance when addictives are introduced into the system. In this experiment, the performance the addictives used are non - ionic surfactants, Triton X - 15 and Triton X - 114 are added into the oil mixture to form emulsions and the samples are tested using rotating disk apparatus. The investigate parameters are effect of the concentration of surfactant, volume fraction of oil and water, rotational speed and types of surfactant used to the emulsion. The torque value (flow resistivity) measured varies with the rotational speed up tested from 50 rpm to 3000 rpm and the emulsion concentration at 600 ppm, 800 ppm and 1000 ppm. Besides, different volume of water: oil ratios (50% - 50%, 60% - 40%, 70% - 30%) are also investigated. Triton X - 114 has high potential in enhancing the transportation of crude oil via pipelines as emulsions formed that contains 40% oil and 60% water shows torque reading less than the torque value exerted by the cooking oil without any addition of addictives. The reduction of torque is approximately 50% lower than the cooking oil without any addictives. It is proven that Triton X - 114 lowers the surface tension of the fluid thus it reduces the flow resistivity. The Triton X - 15 is strongly not recommended in forming emulsion for transportation as it exerts high resistance in the form of an emulsion. It is strongly recommended for future work that the study should be done in larger scope on certain experimental parameters specifically on more addictives should be tested. Besides that, the more rheological studies should be expanded on the effect of temperature, concentrations and volume fractions on the performance of emulsion Besides, it is better if the formation of droplets on the emulsion size in order to have a better the understanding of the factors contributes to emulsions stability.

Processing of Heavy Crude Oils

Author : Ramasamy Marappa Gounder
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 1839684097
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (396 download)

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Book Synopsis Processing of Heavy Crude Oils by : Ramasamy Marappa Gounder

Download or read book Processing of Heavy Crude Oils written by Ramasamy Marappa Gounder and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Emulsions, Foams, and Suspensions

Author : Laurier L. Schramm
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527606882
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Emulsions, Foams, and Suspensions by : Laurier L. Schramm

Download or read book Emulsions, Foams, and Suspensions written by Laurier L. Schramm and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until now colloid science books have either been theoretical, or focused on specific types of dispersion, or on specific applications. This then is the first book to provide an integrated introduction to the nature, formation and occurrence, stability, propagation, and uses of the most common types of colloidal dispersion in the process-related industries. The primary focus is on the applications of the principles, paying attention to practical processes and problems. This is done both as part of the treatment of the fundamentals, where appropriate, and also in the separate sections devoted to specific kinds of industries. Throughout, the treatment is integrated, with the principles of colloid and interface science common to each dispersion type presented for each major physical property class, followed by separate treatments of features unique to emulsions, foams, or suspensions. The first half of the book introduces the fundamental principles, introducing readers to suspension formation and stability, characterization, and flow properties, emphasizing practical aspects throughout. The following chapters discuss a wide range of industrial applications and examples, serving to emphasize the different methodologies that have been successfully applied. Overall, the book shows how to approach making emulsions, foams, and suspensions with different useful properties, how to propagate them, and how to prevent their formation or destabilize them if necessary. The author assumes no prior knowledge of colloid chemistry and, with its glossary of key terms, complete cross-referencing and indexing, this is a must-have for graduate and professional scientists and engineers who may encounter or use emulsions, foams, or suspensions, or combinations thereof, whether in process design, industrial production, or in related R&D fields.