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Characterization And Management Of Ppo And Glyphosate Resistant Palmer Amaranth
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Book Synopsis Characterization and Management of PPO and Glyphosate Resistant Palmer Amaranth by : Drake Copeland
Download or read book Characterization and Management of PPO and Glyphosate Resistant Palmer Amaranth written by Drake Copeland and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research was conducted from the fall of 2016 to the fall of 2018 to characterize and manage PPO- and glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats). Studies included a multi-county survey to determine the prevalence of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth biotypes and the PPX2 mutations that confer PPO resistance, an in-field evaluation of control of PPO-resistant and PPO-susceptible Palmer amaranth populations with herbicide treatments applied at either sunrise or midday, and field studies that evaluated cover crop termination for control of Palmer amaranth in Roundup Ready Xtend® and Liberty Link® soybean systems [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Results from this research indicate that PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth infests roughly 80% of west Tennessee fields, at least two herbicides with different, effective sites of action should be applied timely for POST herbicidal control of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth, and that delaying cover crop termination in both Roundup Ready Xtend® and Liberty Link® soybeans can effectively reduce in-season POST applications and maximize Palmer amaranth control if the correct residual herbicide is included at planting timing.
Book Synopsis Physiological, and Genetic Characterization of 2,4-D-resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri S. Watson) and Its Management by : Chandrima Shyam
Download or read book Physiological, and Genetic Characterization of 2,4-D-resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri S. Watson) and Its Management written by Chandrima Shyam and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is one of the topmost troublesome, C4 dioecious weeds in the US. Biological traits such as aggressive growth habits, prolific seed production, and the ability to withstand environmental stresses hinder control of this weed. Additionally, numerous Palmer amaranth populations across the US have been found to have evolved resistance to multiple herbicides. In 2018, a population of Palmer amaranth from a conservation tillage study from Riley County, Kansas was suspected to have evolved resistance to multiple herbicides including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and was designated as Kansas Conservation Tillage Resistant (KCTR). 2,4-D, a synthetic auxin herbicide, is widely used for controlling broadleaf weeds in cereal crops. However, over-reliance on 2,4-D to control other herbicide-resistant weeds, along with the commercialization of 2,4-D-tolerant crop technology, has resulted in increased usage of this herbicide. The objectives of this dissertation were to 1) characterize the evolution of multiple herbicide resistance including 2,4-D in KCTR Palmer amaranth; 2) investigate the physiological mechanism of 2,4-D resistance in KCTR compared to two known susceptible Palmer amaranth populations i.e., Kansas Susceptible (KSS) and Mississippi Susceptible (MSS); 3) assess the genetic basis of 2,4-D resistance in KCTR; and 4) evaluate herbicide programs that can manage glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth in 2,4-D tolerant soybean. Experiments were conducted under either greenhouse or controlled growth chamber conditions. Standard herbicide dose-response, physiological, biochemical (using radiolabeled herbicides), breeding, and field experiments were designed and conducted. The results of these experiments found that KCTR Palmer amaranth had evolved resistance to six herbicide modes of action, including acetolactate synthase (ALS)-, photosystem II (PS II)-, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)-, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)- inhibitors, and synthetic auxins (2,4-D). Sequencing and analyses of genes coding for the herbicide targets indicated absence of all known mutations that confer resistance, except for EPSPS-inhibitor, with a massive amplification of EPSPS gene (up to 88 copies). Investigation of non-target site resistance mechanism(s) in KCTR confirmed the predominance of metabolic resistance to multiple herbicides mediated by either cytochrome P450 (P450) or glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity. Whole-plant dose-response analyses confirmed a 6- to 11- fold resistance to 2,4-D in KCTR compared to two susceptible populations (KSS or MSS). [14C] 2,4-D uptake and translocation studies indicated a 10% less and 3 times slower translocation of [14C] 2,4-D in KCTR compared to susceptible populations, while there was no difference in the amount of [14C] 2,4-D absorbed. However, KCTR plants metabolized [14C] 2,4-D much faster than the susceptible KSS and MSS, suggesting that enhanced metabolism bestows resistance to this herbicide in KCTR. Further, use of P450-inhibitor (e.g., malathion) indicated that the metabolism of 2,4-D in KCTR is mediated by P450 activity. Genetic analyses of F1 and F2 progenies, derived from crossing between KCTR and KSS, revealed that 2,4-D resistance in KCTR Palmer amaranth is an incompletely dominant, nuclear trait. Segregation of F2 progenies did not follow the Mendelian single gene inheritance model (3:1), suggesting the involvement of multiple genes in mediating 2,4-D resistance in KCTR. Evaluation of herbicide programs for Palmer amaranth management in the field suggested that pre-emergence herbicides with residual activity followed by post-emergence application of either 2,4-D or glufosinate or 2,4-D and glufosinate can control glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth in 2,4-D-tolerant soybean. Overall, the outcome of this dissertation documents the first case of a six-way resistance in a single Palmer amaranth population and also for the first time characterizes the physiological and genetic basis of 2,4-D resistance in this weed. These findings will help in predicting and minimizing further evolution and spread of 2,4-D resistance in Palmer amaranth.
Book Synopsis The History of Garden Roses by : Ann P. Wylie
Download or read book The History of Garden Roses written by Ann P. Wylie and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Multiple Herbicide Resistance in Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) by : Sridevi Nakka
Download or read book Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Multiple Herbicide Resistance in Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) written by Sridevi Nakka and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) is one of the most aggressive, troublesome and damaging broadleaf weeds in many cropping systems including corn, soybean, cotton, and grain sorghum causing huge yield losses across the USA. As a result of extensive and intensive selection of pre- and -post emergence herbicides, Palmer amaranth has evolved resistance to multiple herbicide modes of action, microtubule-, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)-, acetolactate synthase (ALS)-, photosystem II (PS II)-, hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)- and more recently to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibitors. A Palmer amaranth population from Kansas was found resistant to HPPD-, PS II-, and ALS-inhibitors. The overall objective of this research was to investigate the target-site and/or non-target-site resistance mechanisms in Palmer amaranth from KS (KSR) to mesotrione (HPPD-inhibitor), atrazine (PS II-inhibitor), and chlorsulfuron (ALS-inhibitor) relative to known susceptible Palmer amaranth from Mississippi (MSS) and KS (KSS). Whole plant dose-response assays showed high level of resistance in KSR to mesotrione, atrazine and chlorsulfuron. KSR was 10-18, 178-237 and>275 fold more resistant to mesotrione, atrazine, and chlorsulfuron, respectively, compared to MSS and KSS. Metabolism studies using [14C] labeled mesotrione and atrazine demonstrated non-target-site resistance to both herbicides, particularly, enhanced metabolism of [14C] mesotrione likely mediated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and rapid degradation of [14C] atrazine by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). In addition, molecular and biochemical basis of mesotrione resistance was characterized by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunoblotting. These results showed 4-12 fold increased levels of the HPPD transcript and positively correlated with the increased HPPD protein. Sequencing of atrazine and chlorsulfuron target genes, psbA and ALS, respectively, showed interesting results. The most common mutation (serine264glycine) associated with atrazine resistance in weeds was not found in KSR. On the other hand, a well-known mutation (proline197serine) associated with chlorsulfuron resistance was found in 30% of KSR, suggesting ~70% of plants might have a non-target-site, possibly P450 mediated metabolism based resistance. Over all, KSR evolved both non-target-site and target-site based mechanisms to mesotrione and chlorsulfuron with only non-target-site based mechanism of resistance to atrazine leaving fewer options for weed control, especially in no-till crop production systems. Such multiple herbicide resistant Palmer amaranth populations are a serious threat to sustainable weed management because metabolism-based resistance may confer resistance to other herbicides and even those that are yet to be discovered. The findings of this research are novel and valuable to recommend appropriate weed management strategies in the region and should include diversified tactics to prevent evolution and spread of multiple herbicide resistance in Palmer amaranth.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus Palmeri (Palmer Amaranth) Tolerance to ALS- and HPPD-inhibiting Herbicides by : Shilpa Singh
Download or read book Characterization of Glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus Palmeri (Palmer Amaranth) Tolerance to ALS- and HPPD-inhibiting Herbicides written by Shilpa Singh and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palmer amaranth is a principal weed problem across the United States and is resistant to several herbicide modes of action. By 2008, Palmer amaranth in Arkansas was reported to be resistant to both ALS- and EPSPS-inhibitors, but the predominant resistance mechanisms are yet to be explored. Herbicide options with different modes of action are needed to provide effective Palmer amaranth control and HPPD-inhibitors (e.g. mesotrione) are among these. The goal of this research was to elucidate the resistance profile of Palmer amaranth in Arkansas to ALS herbicides and glyphosate (EPSPS-inhibitor) as well as evaluate the differential tolerance of Palmer amaranth to mesotrione. This research aimed to (1) evaluate the response of Palmer amaranth populations to the full dose of glyphosate and mesotrione; (2) determine if tolerance to mesotrione is heritable; (3) determine the mechanism of resistance to glyphosate in selected accessions; and (4) verify the target-site as the mechanism of resistance in ALS-resistant Palmer amaranth. For objective 1, a total of 119 accessions were collected from crop fields in Arkansas between 2008 and 2014. Overall, 55% of the accessions (115) were glyphosate-resistant (GR). Mesotrione controlled 74% of the accessions (119); the remaining accessions had survivors with high injury (61%-90%). For objective 2, low level of tolerance to mesotrione (3- to 5-fold) was observed in four recalcitrant accessions. For objective 3, 20 accessions were selected. GR accessions had ED50 494 g ha-1 to 1355 g ha-1 and for susceptible accessions ED50 ranged from 28 g ha-1 to 207 g ha-1. EPSPS gene amplification was the primary mechanism of resistance. For objective 4, Palmer amaranth accessions were cross-resistant to pyrithiobac and trifloxysulfuron. Out of 20 accessions, 19 showed 21- to 56-fold resistance to trifloxysulfuron than the susceptible. Four and seven increased ALS copies were observed in a single plant from White and Mississippi counties, respectively, indicating the elevated ALS copies as potential mechanism of resistance in these accessions. Although, all accessions but susceptible had Trp574Ser mutation along with Ala122Thr, Pro197Ala and Ser653Asn present in a few plants, confirming mutations at the target-site as the main mechanism of resistance to ALS-inhibitors.
Book Synopsis Characterization of PPO-inhibitor Resistance in Waterhemp (Amaranthus Tuberculatus) and Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri). by : Kathryn Joyce Lillie
Download or read book Characterization of PPO-inhibitor Resistance in Waterhemp (Amaranthus Tuberculatus) and Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri). written by Kathryn Joyce Lillie and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Palmer Amaranth Control in Established Alfalfa and Documentation of Glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus Species in Kansas by : Joshua Adam Putman
Download or read book Palmer Amaranth Control in Established Alfalfa and Documentation of Glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus Species in Kansas written by Joshua Adam Putman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palmer amaranth is a troublesome weed that competes for water, nutrients, and sunlight in many cropping systems throughout the United States. It is a serious production problem for alfalfa growers in the southern Great Plains region because of extended germination and impact on forage quality and yields. Glyphosate has been used extensively to control Palmer amaranth but control has become difficult. The objectives of this research were to (1) evaluate various herbicide treatments for Palmer amaranth control in established alfalfa, (2) confirm the presence and scope of glyphosate-resistance in common waterhemp and Palmer amaranth populations in eastern Kansas, and (3) to characterize glyphosate-resistance in two Palmer amaranth populations from south central Kansas. Residual Palmer amaranth control in alfalfa varied among herbicide treatments. The best late season Palmer amaranth control was accomplished with sequential treatments that included flumioxazin at 140 g ha−1 or diuron at 2,690 g ha−1 as dormant applications followed by a between cutting treatment of flumioxazin at 70 g ha−1, which was still providing 85 to 96% control in late summer. Several other treatments provided good early season Palmer amaranth control, but control diminished as the season progressed. Palmer amaranth emerges throughout the growing season and therefore, sequential herbicide treatments with good residual activity may be necessary for season-long control. Greenhouse studies indicated that glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp is present throughout eastern Kansas with several populations that survived glyphosate up to two times the suggested use rate. Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth was documented in several populations collected from various counties throughout Kansas. Two populations collected in south central Kansas in 2011 survived up to eight times the typical field use rate of glyphosate. Six more populations collected in 2012 displayed similar resistance characteristics with three populations surviving up to four times the typical rate of glyphosate. Shikimate assays on susceptible and resistant Palmer amaranth biotypes confirmed resistance to glyphosate.
Book Synopsis Response of Glyphosate Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) to Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides in Tennessee by : Alinna Marie Umphres
Download or read book Response of Glyphosate Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) to Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides in Tennessee written by Alinna Marie Umphres and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many agronomic cropping systems across the United States, Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) is the most economic and troublesome weed for producers. The introduction of glyphosate resistant (GR) crops gave producers the benefit of controlling Palmer amaranth as well as other weeds, a broad window of application, and reduced tillage practices. With the confirmation of GR Palmer amaranth, producers implemented protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO or Protox)-inhibiting herbicides to control these populations in crops such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and cotton [Gossypium hirsutum (L.)]. However the continuous use of PPO herbicides has caused a shift in Palmer amaranth populations for PPO resistance. Therefore the scope of this study was to observe fomesafen response to four Palmer amaranth populations, determine the fomesafen resistance level, evaluate the effect of Palmer amaranth size on fomesafen efficacy, determine susceptibility to other foliar-applied herbicides, and evaluate the efficacy of four soil-applied PPO-inhibiting herbicides on PPO-resistant (PPO-R) and PPOsusceptible (PPO-S) Palmer amaranth populations. The PPO-S population was observed with 98% control however, fomesafen efficacy was reduced in SPA, LPA, and WPA populations with 24%, 4%, and 2% control, respectively at 14 days after treatment (DAT). The level of resistance for the PPO-R population SPA was 4-fold relative to the PPO-S population KPA. When determining the height of Palmer amaranth on fomesafen efficacy, control of SPA Sm, Md, and Lg sized plants was 62%, 49%, and 18%, respectively. Atrazine, glufosinate, and mesotrione were observed to have the greatest control (>70%) of the SPA population but resistant to glyphosate and chlorimuron. When subjected to soil-applied PPO herbicides, SPA showed reduced control with fomesafen and saflufenacil however greater control was observed with flumioxazin and sulfentrazone at 35 DAT.
Book Synopsis Distribution, Biology, and Management of Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth in North Carolina by : Jared Ross Whitaker
Download or read book Distribution, Biology, and Management of Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth in North Carolina written by Jared Ross Whitaker and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: Palmer amaranth, herbicide resistance, glyphosate.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Control of PPO-resistant Palmer Amaranth and Salvage Options in Herbicide-resistant Cotton by : Wyatt D. Coffman
Download or read book Assessment of Control of PPO-resistant Palmer Amaranth and Salvage Options in Herbicide-resistant Cotton written by Wyatt D. Coffman and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palmer amaranth has been the most limiting weed in cotton production in the state of Arkansas for many years. Recently, resistance of Palmer amaranth to the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting site of action has been discovered at various locations across the cotton-producing region of the state. Cotton varieties have been developed with resistance to synthetic auxin (WSSA Group 4) herbicides. However, research to date has shown PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth to be more difficult to control with herbicides that target alternative sites of action. Herbicide efficacy is also known to vary with weed size, varying spray parameters, and environmental conditions. Preliminary research on control of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth with preemergence cotton herbicides suggests that herbicide mixtures containing fluometuron are the most consistent option for longevity of control. Preliminary results of postemergence (POST) experiments assessing control of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth in herbicide-resistant cotton were inconclusive. Limited rainfall impacted both POST and residual weed control. When attempting to salvage a cotton crop, weed size plays an extremely important factor in whether the weeds will be controlled. Two-pass salvage treatments were effective in dicamba-resistant cotton containing mixtures of glufosinate or glyphosate and dicamba and showed little variation in control of large (taller than 15 cm) Palmer amaranth. Interval between applications in a two-pass salvage treatment is influential on control of large weeds, although it does not ultimately affect seedcotton yield. Increasing carrier volume from 70 L ha-1 to 140 L ha-1 was a more important factor in maximizing efficacy of a dicamba application than switching from TTI to AirMix nozzles or increasing the dicamba rate from 560 to 1,120 g ae ha-1. Differences in control between PPO-susceptible and PPO-resistant populations were also observed, as densities of surviving PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth were much higher than PPO-susceptible Palmer amaranth following dicamba application. Nomenclature: Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.; synthetic auxin; dicamba; fluometuron; 2,4-D; glufosinate.
Book Synopsis Distribution, Biology, and Management of Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth in North Carolina by :
Download or read book Distribution, Biology, and Management of Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth in North Carolina written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops allowed for the topical applications of the herbicide glyphosate. This herbicide revolutionized weed control and crop management. Widespread adoption of this technology and extensive use of glyphosate led to intense selection pressure for evolution of GR weeds. In 2005, GR Palmer amaranth was suspected in North Carolina. A survey detected GR populations in 49 of 290 fields sampled. ALS-inhibitor resistance was also detected in 52 fields. Five fields had populations exhibiting multiple resistance to both glyphosate and ALS-inhibitors. Experiments were conducted to determine the resistance mechanism of GR Palmer amaranth. A GR biotype exhibited a 20-fold level of resistance compared to a glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotype. Shikimate accumulated in GS but not GR plants after glyphosate application. Maximum absorption was observed by 12 hours after treatment (HAT), and was similar among biotypes except at 6 HAT, where GS plants absorbed 67% more than GR plants. Distribution of 14C was similar among biotypes in (42%), above (30%), and below (22%) the treated leaf and in roots (6%). This work did not lead to a suggestion a resistance mechanism. Field experiments were conducted to develop management strategies for GR Palmer amaranth in cotton. One evaluated residual control of Palmer amaranth by various herbicides. Of herbicides typically applied PRE or pre-plant, fomesafen, flumioxazin, and pyrithiobac were most effective. Pyrithiobac and S-metolachlor were the most effective postemergence (POST) herbicides. Flumioxazin and prometryn plus trifloxysulfuron were the most effective options for postemergence-directed applications. Integration of these herbicides into glyphosate-based systems could increase Palmer amaranth control. An experiment was conducted to evaluate PRE herbicides in a season-long system. All PRE herbicides increased late-season control. Among individual herbicides, fomesafen and pyrithiobac were most e.
Download or read book Herbicides written by Andrew Price and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-11-26 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herbicides are one of the most widely used groups of pesticides worldwide for controlling weedy species in agricultural and non-crop settings. Due to the extensive use of herbicides and their value in weed management, herbicide research remains crucial for ensuring continued effective use of herbicides. Presently, a wide range of research continues to focus on improved herbicide use and weed biology. The authors of Herbicides, Agronomic Crops and Weed Biology cover multiple topics concerning current valuable herbicide research.
Book Synopsis Integrated Weed Management for Sustainable Agriculture by : Robert Zimdahl
Download or read book Integrated Weed Management for Sustainable Agriculture written by Robert Zimdahl and published by Burleigh Dodds Series in Agric. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weeds remain a major obstacle to improved yields in agriculture. At the same time, established methods of control are being undermined by problems such as herbicide resistance. This major collection reviews key developments in integrated weed management (IWM) to manage weeds more sustainably.
Book Synopsis Glyphosate Resistance in Crops and Weeds by : Vijay K. Nandula
Download or read book Glyphosate Resistance in Crops and Weeds written by Vijay K. Nandula and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-12-28 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New technologies are becoming available for managing glyphosate resistant (GR) weeds and reducing their spread. GR crop technology has revolutionized crop production in the developed world and the benefits are gradually spilling over to the developing world. In order to sustain an effective, environmentally safe herbicide such as glyphosate and the GR crop technology well in to the future, it is imperative that the issue of GR weeds be comprehensively understood. This book provides such an essential, up-to-date source of information on glyphosate resistance for researchers, extension workers, land managers, government personnel, and other decision makers. Provides comprehensive coverage of the intensely studied topic of glyphosate resistant (GR) in crops Details the development of glyphosate resistance and how to detect and manage the problem in crops Helps standardize global approaches to glyphosate resistance Encompasses interdisciplinary approaches in chemistry, weed science, biochemistry, plant physiology, plant biotechnology, genetics, ecology Includes a chapter on economic analysis of GR impact on crops
Book Synopsis Weed-Crop Competition by : Robert L. Zimdahl
Download or read book Weed-Crop Competition written by Robert L. Zimdahl and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-11-19 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past 20 years, the first edition of this text has been widely cited as authoritative academic reference. The latest edition continues the tradition set by the original book, and covers weed science research that has been published since 1980. This book aims to reduce the instance of research duplication—saving scientists and supporting institutions time and money. Not only does the second edition of Weed Crop Competition review, summarize, and combine current research; it critiques the research as well. This text has the potential to accelerate advancements in weed crop competition, which remains an important factor that affects crop yields. Scientists in foreign countries where access to literature is often limited or nonexistent, will find the information in this text invaluable. Weed scientists, crop scientists, plant ecologists, sustainable agriculturists, and organic agriculturists will be well-pleased with this long overdue and much needed new editionWeed Crop Competition provides a unique reference that reviews, summarises and synthesizes the literature published concerning research on this topic. The first edition has been one of the most frequently cited sources in weed science for the past 20 years. The second edition covers the significant body of literature that has been published since 1980. Originally intended to survey existing research, the intent of the book is to reduce the instance of research duplication, thus saving scientists and their institutions time and money, and expediting advancements in weed crop competition, an important factor affecting crop yields. Scientists in foreign countries where access to the literature is often limited or non-existent, find the information an invaluable resource. This long overdue and much needed new edition rejuvenates the tradition set by the original book.
Book Synopsis Herbicide-Resistant Crops by : Stephen O. Duke
Download or read book Herbicide-Resistant Crops written by Stephen O. Duke and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by a recognized leader in the field, Herbicide-Resistant Crops is the first book to cover all of the issues related to the controversial topic of herbicide-resistant crops. It provides extensive discussions of the modern biotechnological methods that have been used to develop such crops, and reviews the implications - both positive and negative - of developing crops that are resistant to herbicides. The creation and anticipated applications of specific herbicide-resistant crops are also discussed. In addition, the book covers the potential impact of herbicide-resistant crops on weed management practices and the environment, and presents issues related to the regulation and economics of these crops. The editor has brought together a diverse group of professionals, representing the several distinct areas impacted by the new technology of herbicide-resistant crops. The wide range of viewpoints presented in this book creates a balanced and complete survey, providing a notable contribution to the literature.
Book Synopsis Physiological Ecology of North American Plant Communities by : Brain F. Chabot
Download or read book Physiological Ecology of North American Plant Communities written by Brain F. Chabot and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although, as W.D. Billings notes in his chapter in this book. the development of physiological ecology can be traced back to the very beginnings of the study of ecology it is clear that the modern development of this field in North America is due in the large part to the efforts of Billings alone. The foundation that Billings laid in the late 1950s came from his own studies on deserts and subsequently arctic and alpine plants, and also from his enormous success in instilling enthusiasm for the field in the numerous students attracted to the plant ecology program at Duke University. Billings' own studies provided the model for subsequent work in this field. Physiological techniques. normally confined to the laboratory. were brought into the field to examine processes under natural environmental conditions. These field studies were accompanied by experiments under controlled conditions where the relative impact of various factors could be assessed and further where genetic as opposed to environmental influences could be separated. This blending of field and laboratory approaches promoted the design of experiments which were of direct relevance to understanding the distribution and abundance of plants in nature. Physiological mechanisms were studied and assessed in the context of the functioning of plants under natural conditions rather than as an end in itself.
