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Characterization And Identification Of Actinide Bearing Minerals And Soils Using Various Analytical Techniques For Signature Discovery
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Book Synopsis Characterization and Identification of Actinide Bearing Minerals and Soils Using Various Analytical Techniques for Signature Discovery by : Toya Nicole Beiswenger
Download or read book Characterization and Identification of Actinide Bearing Minerals and Soils Using Various Analytical Techniques for Signature Discovery written by Toya Nicole Beiswenger and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unique identifying characteristics of actinide bearing minerals and soils can vary depending on the surrounding environment. Many analytical techniques for characterization and identification such as Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) have been utilized for soil and mineral analysis. These techniques aid in gaining insight into a material's chemical make-up, morphology, and particle size to determine its behavior under various environmental conditions, and potentially provide information on the history of the soil and/or the contaminants within it.This research determined signatures within uranium- and plutonium- rich minerals and soils that could be used to differentiate characteristics that are unique from its surrounding environment. The complexity and heterogeneity of minerals and soils in general posed a challenge to this research, but it also helped reveal the unique traits about the sample. We first investigated uranium rich minerals and soils using Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy coupled with statistical analyses to determine whether the mid-infrared or the visible-near infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum contained useful signatures and if particle size and morphology affected the signatures within those regions. By using statistical analyses such as classical least squares we were able to build dendrograms and visually distinguish groups of minerals from each other. This work progressed with other analytical tools and plutonium-rich soils; this portion of the work took an atomic view of a Pu particle, in turn gaining insight to the chemical behavior within and how the surrounding environment of the Hanford site played a part in its behavior. This was the very first application of a technique called atom probe tomography to a Pu particle. We were able to view the atoms the sample was composed of and illustrated the possible migration of a grain boundary over time and how that information can be used for remedial solutions in the future.The results have shown how the characteristics of a sample (size, morphology, speciation, chemical behavior, etc.) can be used as a discriminator when looking for unique signatures among the complex background associated with soils and minerals, and also be used as a way to better understand how to help remediate contaminated sites with similar chemical makeup as the soils and minerals used in this study.
Book Synopsis Analytical Chemistry of the Actinide Elements by : Alfred J. Moses
Download or read book Analytical Chemistry of the Actinide Elements written by Alfred J. Moses and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical Chemistry of the Actinide Elements presents a number of pertinent techniques for the analysis of actinides and provides sufficient information to guide the analyst in modifying procedures to meet special situations. The book begins with an introductory chapter on the discovery of elements 89-103, their oxidation state, and their electronic configuration. Information is provided on the safe handling of radioactive materials (all actinides are radioactive). The use of nuclear techniques in determining trace concentrations of actinides has led to the inclusion of chapters dealing with nuclear instrumentation and nuclear methods. Topics discussed include the preliminary treatment of samples; separations; emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry; electrochemical, x-ray, and fluorimetric methods; isotopic analysis of uranium and some other actinides; and non-instrumental methods. Thus, the analytical chemist, if he is not already familiar with these techniques, is indoctrinated in a basic amount of nucleonics, to aid him in analyzing unusual materials with unusual techniques.
Book Synopsis Preparation and Characterization of Analytical Reference Minerals by : Jean L. Graf
Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Analytical Reference Minerals written by Jean L. Graf and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Actinide Bearing Soils by : Lloyd Leroy Ames (Jr.)
Download or read book Characterization of Actinide Bearing Soils written by Lloyd Leroy Ames (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Heaviest Metals by : William J. Evans
Download or read book The Heaviest Metals written by William J. Evans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-01-08 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative survey of the science and advanced technological uses of the actinide and transactinide metals The Heaviest Metals offers an essential resource that covers the fundamentals of the chemical and physical properties of the heaviest metals as well as the most recent advances in their science and technology. The authors – noted experts in the field – offer an authoritative review of the actinide and transactinide elements, i.e., the elements from actinium to lawrencium as well as rutherfordium through organesson, the current end of the periodic table, element 118. The text explores the history of the metals, their occurrence and issues of production, and covers a broad range of chemical subjects including environmental concerns and remediation approaches. The authors also offer information on the most recent and emerging applications of the metals, such as in superconducting materials, catalysis, and research into medical diagnostics. This important resource: Provides an overview of the science and advanced technological uses of the actinide and transactinide metals Describes the basic chemical and physical properties of the heaviest metals, and discusses the challenges and opportunities for their technological applications Contains accessible information on the fundamental features of the heaviest metals, special requirements for their experimental study, and the critical role of computational characterization of their compounds Highlights the most current and emerging applications in areas such as superconducting materials, catalysis, nuclear forensics, and medicine Presents vital contemporary issues of the heaviest metals Written for graduate students and researchers working with the actinide and transactinide elements, industrial and academic inorganic and nuclear chemists, and engineers, The Heaviest Metals is a comprehensive volume that explores the fundamental chemistry and properties of the heaviest metals, and the challenges and opportunities associated with their present and emerging technological uses.
Book Synopsis Recent Advances In Actinide Science by : Iain May
Download or read book Recent Advances In Actinide Science written by Iain May and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 831 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Actinide elements and their chemistry have a significant number of applications. Bringing together contributions from the leading experts in the field, Recent Advances in Actinide Science covers six main topics: * Analysis, the environment and biotransformations * Coordination and organometallic chemistry * Heavy elements * Nuclear fuels, materials and waste forms * Separations and solution chemistry * Spectroscopy, magnetism and superconductivity Covering a wide range of research from pure academic studies to applied industrial science and technology, this book distils the knowledge and achievements gained in actinide science over the last four years. This high level book is aimed at researchers, both industrial and academic, and provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of actinide science.
Book Synopsis Actinides in Perspective by : Norman M. Edelstein
Download or read book Actinides in Perspective written by Norman M. Edelstein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Actinides in Perspective presents in proceedings of the Actinides-1981 Conference held in Pacific Grove, California, USA on September 10-15, 1981. The book contains papers on the different aspect of the physics and chemistry of the actinides. The text includes papers on the history of the discovery of the transplutonium elements; the photoemission techniques; and the neutron scattering studies of the actinides. The new elements in the transfermium region; the isotope identification in the transfermium region by ?-? correlation after in-flight-separation; and the fission properties of the actinides are also considered. The book further tackles papers on the status of superheavy element research; the single crystal preparation of actinides and actinide compounds; and the preparation of transplutonium metals and compounds, protactinium metal and compounds, and actinide metals. The text also includes papers on the complex oxide systems of the actinides; thermodynamic properties of the actinides; and the chemical and physicochemical properties of actinide organometallic compounds.
Book Synopsis The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed., Volumes 1-5) by : L.R. Morss
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed., Volumes 1-5) written by L.R. Morss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-31 with total page 4059 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements is a contemporary and definitive compilation of chemical properties of all of the actinide elements, especially of the technologically important elements uranium and plutonium, as well as the transactinide elements. In addition to the comprehensive treatment of the chemical properties of each element, ion, and compound from atomic number 89 (actinium) through to 109 (meitnerium), this multi-volume work has specialized and definitive chapters on electronic theory, optical and laser fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, organoactinide chemistry, thermodynamics, magnetic properties, the metals, coordination chemistry, separations, and trace analysis. Several chapters deal with environmental science, safe handling, and biological interactions of the actinide elements. The Editors invited teams of authors, who are active practitioners and recognized experts in their specialty, to write each chapter and have endeavoured to provide a balanced and insightful treatment of these fascinating elements at the frontier of the periodic table. Because the field has expanded with new spectroscopic techniques and environmental focus, the work encompasses five volumes, each of which groups chapters on related topics. All chapters represent the current state of research in the chemistry of these elements and related fields.
Book Synopsis Actinide Determination and Analytical Support for Characterization of Environmental Samples by :
Download or read book Actinide Determination and Analytical Support for Characterization of Environmental Samples written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clean chemical and Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) procedures have been developed to permit the determination of environmental actinide element concentrations and isotopic signatures. The isotopic signatures help identify element origin and separate naturally occurring or background contributions from local anthropogenic sources. Typical sample sizes for processing are 2 liters of water, 1--10 grams of sediment, and 1--20 grams of soil. Measurement limits for Pu, Am, and Np are
Book Synopsis Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to Actinide Chemistry by : John K. Gibson
Download or read book Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to Actinide Chemistry written by John K. Gibson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-19 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of contemporary actinide research that focuses on new advances in experiment and theory, and the interplay between these two realms Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to Actinide Chemistry offers a comprehensive review of the key aspects of actinide research. Written by noted experts in the field, the text includes information on new advances in experiment and theory and reveals the interplay between these two realms. The authors offer a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach to the nature of actinide chemistry, and explore the interplay between multiple experiments and theory, as well as between basic and applied actinide chemistry. The text covers the basic science used in contemporary studies of the actinide systems, from basic synthesis to state-of-the-art spectroscopic and computational techniques. The authors provide contemporary overviews of each topic area presented and describe the current and anticipated experimental approaches for the field, as well as the current and future computational chemistry and materials techniques. In addition, the authors explore the combination of experiment and theory. This important resource: Provides an essential resource the reviews the key aspects of contemporary actinide research Includes information on new advances in experiment and theory, and the interplay between the two Covers the basic science used in contemporary studies of the actinide systems, from basic synthesis to state-of-the-art spectroscopic and computational techniques Focuses on the interplay between multiple experiments and theory, as well as between basic and applied actinide chemistry Written for academics, students, professionals and researchers, this vital text contains a thorough review of the key aspects of actinide research and explores the most recent advances in experiment and theory.
Book Synopsis The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (Set Vol.1-6) by : L.R. Morss
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (Set Vol.1-6) written by L.R. Morss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-21 with total page 4511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth edition of "The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements" comprises all chapters in volumes 1 through 5 of the third edition (published in 2006) plus a new volume 6. To remain consistent with the plan of the first edition, “ ... to provide a comprehensive and uniform treatment of the chemistry of the actinide [and transactinide] elements for both the nuclear technologist and the inorganic and physical chemist,” and to be consistent with the maturity of the field, the fourth edition is organized in three parts. The first group of chapters follows the format of the first and second editions with chapters on individual elements or groups of elements that describe and interpret their chemical properties. A chapter on the chemical properties of the transactinide elements follows. The second group, chapters 15-26, summarizes and correlates physical and chemical properties that are in general unique to the actinide elements, because most of these elements contain partially-filled shells of 5f electrons whether present as isolated atoms or ions, as metals, as compounds, or as ions in solution. The third group, chapters 27-39, focuses on specialized topics that encompass contemporary fields related to actinides in the environment, in the human body, and in storage or wastes. Two appendices at the end of volume 5 tabulate important nuclear properties of all actinide and transactinide isotopes. Volume 6 (Chapters 32 through 39) consists of new chapters that focus on actinide species in the environment, actinide waste forms, nuclear fuels, analytical chemistry of plutonium, actinide chalcogenide and hydrothermal synthesis of actinide compounds. The subject and author indices and list of contributors encompass all six volumes.
Book Synopsis Structural Chemistry of Inorganic Actinide Compounds by : Sergey Krivovichev
Download or read book Structural Chemistry of Inorganic Actinide Compounds written by Sergey Krivovichev and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-08 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural Chemistry of Inorganic Actinide Compounds is a collection of 13 reviews on structural and coordination chemistry of actinide compounds. Within the last decade, these compounds have attracted considerable attention because of their importance for radioactive waste management, catalysis, ion-exchange and absorption applications, etc. Synthetic and natural actinide compounds are also of great environmental concern as they form as a result of alteration of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste under Earth surface conditions, during burn-up of nuclear fuel in reactors, represent oxidation products of uranium miles and mine tailings, etc. The actinide compounds are also of considerable interest to material scientists due to the unique electronic properties of actinides that give rise to interesting physical properties controlled by the structural architecture of respective compounds. The book provides both general overview and review of recent developments in the field, including such emergent topics as nanomaterials and nanoparticles and their relevance to the transfer of actinides under environmental conditions. * Covers over 2,000 actinide compounds including materials, minerals and coordination polymers* Summarizes recent achievements in the field* Some chapters reveal (secret) advances made by the Soviet Union during the 'Cold war'
Book Synopsis Characterization of Actinides in Simulated Alkaline Tank Waste Sludges and Leach Solutions by :
Download or read book Characterization of Actinides in Simulated Alkaline Tank Waste Sludges and Leach Solutions written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current plans call for an alkaline scrub of actinide-bearing sludges in the Hanford Waste tanks prior to their incorporation in glass waste forms. Though it is assumed that actinides will remain in the sludge phase during this procedure, this assumption is based on insufficient supporting thermodynamic and kinetic data. In this project the authors will investigate the fundamental chemistry of actinides in strongly alkaline solution and solid phases to strengthen the foundation and identify potential limitations of this approach. They will focus on the characterization of the leaching of actinides from simulated BiPO4, REDOX, and PUREX sludges, the identification of actinide mineral phases in the sludge simulants, and the possible solubilization of actinides by complexation and radiolysis effects. This program will provide new fundamental information on the chemical behavior and speciation of uranium, neptunium, plutonium, and americium in simulated alkaline tank waste sludges and alkaline scrub liquors. Sludge simulants will be prepared from the appropriate matrix components using published data for guidance. Actinide ions will be introduced in the oxidation states pertinent to process conditions. The authors will characterize the speciation of the actinides in the sludges using a variety of techniques. In parallel studies, they will address the chemistry of actinide ions in alkaline solutions, principally those containing chelating agents. The third critical element of this research will be to assess the impact of radiolysis on actinide behavior. By correlating actinide speciation in the solid and solution phases with sludge composition, it will be possible to predict conditions favoring mobilization (or immobilization) of actinide ions during sludge washing. The new information will increase predictability of actinide behavior during tank sludge washing, and so contribute to minimization of the volume of high level waste created.
Book Synopsis Actinide Nanoparticle Research by : Stepan N. Kalmykov
Download or read book Actinide Nanoparticle Research written by Stepan N. Kalmykov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-17 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to cover actinide nano research. It is of interest both for fundamental research into the chemistry and physics of f-block elements as well as for applied researchers such as those studying the long-term safety of nuclear waste disposal and developing remediation strategies. The authors cover important issues of the formation of actinide nano-particles, their properties and structure, environmental behavior of colloids and nanoparticles related to the safe disposal of nuclear wastes, modeling and advanced methods of characterization at the nano-scale.
Book Synopsis The Chemistry of the Actinide Elements by : G.T. Seaborg
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Actinide Elements written by G.T. Seaborg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 905 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this work appeared almost thirty years ago, when, as we can see in retrospect, the study of the actinide elements was in its first bloom. Although the broad features of the chemistry of the actinide elements were by then quite well delineated, the treatment of the subject in the first edition was of necessity largely descriptive in nature. A detailed understanding of the chemical consequences of the characteristic presence of Sf electrons in most of the members of the actinide series was still for the future, and many of the systematic features of the actinide elements were only dimly apprehended. In the past thirty years all this has changed. The application of new spectroscopic techniques, which came into general use during this period, and new theoretical insights, which came from a better understanding of chemical bonding, inorganic chemistry, and solid state phenomena, were among the important factors that led to a great expansion and maturation in actinide element research and a large number of new and important findings. The first edition consisted of a serial description of the individual actinide elements, with a single chapter devoted to the six heaviest elements (lawrencium, the heaviest actinide, was yet to be discovered). Less than 15 % of the text was devoted to a consideration of the systematics of the actinide elements.
Book Synopsis Analytical Techniques for Trace Elements in Geochemical Exploration by : Raghaw Saran
Download or read book Analytical Techniques for Trace Elements in Geochemical Exploration written by Raghaw Saran and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-12-07 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trace element analysis plays a prominent role in various fields, from mineralogy and geology to semiconductor manufacture and foods. In geochemical exploration, the analysis of trace elements assumes high significance due to the multifaceted role played by them. The analyte is at the detection limit of many instrumental techniques. This makes their determination difficult This book covers a wide spectrum of destructive and non-destructive analytical techniques and recent developments in them used all over the world, including developing countries, for quantitation of trace elements. With revolutionary progress in the last three to four decades in analytical techniques, several ICP-based techniques like ICP-OES and ICP-MS and other nuclear analytical techniques have enabled determination of trace elements at the ppb level. However, these methods require expensive instrumentation and cannot be made available everywhere. The quality of analytical data is dependent on valid reference standards. The book contains detailed sample preparation in varying matrices and an important chapter on statistical treatment of analytical data for the purpose of quality control and quality assurance. Pulling together, the book, containing the work carried out by the author’s group in India, will be useful to analysts involved in geochemical explorations.
Book Synopsis Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of the Actinides by : Arthur J. Freeman
Download or read book Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of the Actinides written by Arthur J. Freeman and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last 20 years actinide research has presented unique challenges both for experimentalists and theorists. Their uniqueness stems not only from their nuclear properties, which since the early 1940's have led to their important role in nuclear energy and nuclear technology, but also from their unusual chemical and physical properties which have added new excitement and discoveries to both these disciplines. Containing comprehensive, critical, broad and up to date reviews covering both the physics and chemistry of these exotic elements the Handbook is primarily directed at and a must for those active in the field. It will also be invaluable to those about to enter or marginally interested in this field.
