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Changing The Dietary Ratio Of Fatty Acids Under Different Physiological Conditions Alters Energy Partitioning Of Dairy Cows
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Book Synopsis Changing the Dietary Ratio of Fatty Acids Under Different Physiological Conditions Alters Energy Partitioning of Dairy Cows by : Jonas de Souza
Download or read book Changing the Dietary Ratio of Fatty Acids Under Different Physiological Conditions Alters Energy Partitioning of Dairy Cows written by Jonas de Souza and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physiological Effects in Dairy Cows of Changes in the Forage by : Asdrubal Hernandez-Urdaneta
Download or read book Physiological Effects in Dairy Cows of Changes in the Forage written by Asdrubal Hernandez-Urdaneta and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Designing Foods by : National Research Council
Download or read book Designing Foods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lively book examines recent trends in animal product consumption and diet; reviews industry efforts, policies, and programs aimed at improving the nutritional attributes of animal products; and offers suggestions for further research. In addition, the volume reviews dietary and health recommendations from major health organizations and notes specific target levels for nutrients.
Book Synopsis Ruminal Fatty Acid Metabolism by : Attje-Rieke Sterk
Download or read book Ruminal Fatty Acid Metabolism written by Attje-Rieke Sterk and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fat Detection by : Jean-Pierre Montmayeur
Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se
Book Synopsis Forage Fiber Analyses (apparatus, Reagents, Procedures, and Some Applications) by : H. K. Goering
Download or read book Forage Fiber Analyses (apparatus, Reagents, Procedures, and Some Applications) written by H. K. Goering and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids and Other Nutritional Supplements on Biological Processes in Dairy Cows by : Claudio Fabian Vargas-Rodriguez
Download or read book Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids and Other Nutritional Supplements on Biological Processes in Dairy Cows written by Claudio Fabian Vargas-Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability of nutritional supplements to generate responses in productive animals at different physiological stages, and their interaction with the particular gastrointestinal tract of ruminants have created the necessity to explore effects beyond productivity. Modulation of immune function and inflammatory processes, modifications of nutrient metabolism, and interactions with the ruminal microbial population are effects attributed to supplements that encouraged the formulation of the set of experiments described in this dissertation. The first experiment was designed to test the effects of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids supplemented in milk replacer for Holstein calves during the pre-weaning period on the immune system, lipid and glucose metabolism, and growth performance when animals underwent a vaccination protocol. Neither supplemental fatty acid source affected productivity, cytokine production, antibody production, or CD4 and CD8 cell proliferation. A treatment effect on glucose and NEFA plasma concentration was observed. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly DHA, lowered glucose and NEFA levels compared to control; moreover, a dose effect was observed indicating that increasing amounts of PUFA decreased plasma glucose level. The second experiment tested the effects of Co carbonate (CoCarb) and Co glucoheptonate (CoGH) at different concentrations of Co on in vitro fermentation rate, fermentation end-products, and DM and NDF disappearance. Dry matter and NDF disappearance increased with CoGH relative to CoCarb at 1.0 ppm Co or less. CoCarb at> 3.0 ppm appeared to stimulate the biohydrogenation of long-chain fatty acids whereas CoGH had limited effects on this process. Finally, the third study evaluated responses to chromium propionate during peak lactation and interactions between chromium and rumen-protected lysine and methionine. Chromium propionate increased feed intake and tended to increase energy-corrected milk yield. Primiparous cows showed greater responses in feed intake and milk protein yield than multiparous cows. In this study, feeding chromium propionate near peak lactation increased feed intake and tended to increase productivity but no benefits of supplementing rumen-protected lysine and methionine were observed. Overall, nutritional supplements helped to regulate different biological functions in ruminants; their utilization is not always is feasible, but the results of these experiments provide guidance about effectiveness during different physiological situations.
Book Synopsis Effects of lipids from various oilseeds supplied in different forms on ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids in vitro and on milk production and milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows by : Achim Hoffmann
Download or read book Effects of lipids from various oilseeds supplied in different forms on ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids in vitro and on milk production and milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows written by Achim Hoffmann and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dietary lipid supplements in ruminant diets, whether from various natural sources or supplements such as rumen protected lipids, have a long history and are widely used. The main reasons for using these supplements include an increased energy density of dairy cow diets, e.g. in the early stage of lactation (Clapperton and Steele, 1983). Moreover, reproductive parameters might are affected as well by using lipid supplements, either indirectly by changes in the energy balance of cows or directly due to the effects of certain fatty acids (FA) on reproductive organs and processes (Leroy et al., 2014).
Book Synopsis Metabolic Modifiers by : National Research Council
Download or read book Metabolic Modifiers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness. In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators. The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids. A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.
Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals, by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals, written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-02-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the years since the third edition of this indispensable reference was published, a great deal has been learned about the nutritional requirements of common laboratory species: rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil, and vole. The Fourth Revised Edition presents the current expert understanding of the lipid, carbohydrate, protein, mineral, vitamin, and other nutritional needs of these animals. The extensive use of tables provides easy access to a wealth of comprehensive data and resource information. The volume also provides an expanded background discussion of general dietary considerations. In addition to a more user-friendly organization, new features in this edition include: A significantly expanded section on dietary requirements for rats, reporting substantial new findings. A new section on nutrients that are not required but that may produce beneficial results. New information on growth and reproductive performance among the most commonly used strains of rats and mice and on several hamster species. An expanded discussion of diet formulation and preparationâ€"including sample diets of both purified and natural ingredients. New information on mineral deficiency and toxicity, including warning signs. This authoritative resource will be important to researchers, laboratory technicians, and manufacturers of laboratory animal feed.
Book Synopsis Dietary and Physiological Factors that Affect the Atherogenic Index of Milk Fat from Dairy Cows by : Cynthia DeRue
Download or read book Dietary and Physiological Factors that Affect the Atherogenic Index of Milk Fat from Dairy Cows written by Cynthia DeRue and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition by : W. Haresign
Download or read book Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition written by W. Haresign and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition-1981 is a collection of papers that discusses the effects of dietary fat on milk composition, relating it to the biochemistry of fat synthesis in the mammary gland. The influence of concentrates on milk composition as well as the pattern and level of concentrate feeding on milk output are also covered. The book describes the need for better utilization of grass and grass products in dairy production, the mineral and trace element requirements of pigs; the importance of anion-cation balance in poultry diets and its effects on performance levels; and the selenium and cobalt requirements of ruminants. The problems of medicinal residues in animal products and the toxicological effects of aflatoxin residues in animal products are also considered. People involved in agriculture, dairy production and animal nutrition will find the book useful.
Book Synopsis Nutritional Strategies to Manipulate Milk Fat Synthesis and Fat Storage in Dairy Cows as a Means of Improving Animal Health, Production and Reproductive Performance at Various Stages of Lactation by : Jillian Marie Havlin
Download or read book Nutritional Strategies to Manipulate Milk Fat Synthesis and Fat Storage in Dairy Cows as a Means of Improving Animal Health, Production and Reproductive Performance at Various Stages of Lactation written by Jillian Marie Havlin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fat metabolism in dairy cows is highly variable over the course of lactation as well as among cows at a similar stage of lactation. Manipulating the ration of dairy cows is a useful tool for modifying fat metabolism, particularly how cows partition fat for milk fat synthesis versus storage as an energy source. Transition cows (i.e., cows approaching calving and beginning to lactate) experiences a negative energy balance (NEB), making them highly susceptible to a large range of post-partum health problems (e.g. ketosis, fatty liver, displaced abomasum) and reduced milk production. Therefore ability to abate severe NEB in transition cows through nutritional modifications would be a very efficacious. Ruminally-protected niacin (RPNi) is a lipolytic B-vitamin that may be able to block lipolysis during severe NEB, thereby reducing the incidence of ketosis and other post-partum diseases. To evaluate effects of feeding RPNi to post-partum cows, 997 fresh cows (i.e., cows between 1 and 28 days in milk (DIM)) were fed niacin, in the form of nicotinic acids (NA) for the first 14 to 28 DIM at one of 4 treatment levels (0, 3.5, 7, 14 g NA/cow/d). After 28 DIM cows were moved from fresh pens to early lactation pens where they remained until 150 DIM, and no RPNi was fed. At the lower dose of RPNi (i.e., 3.5 g NA) cows experienced an improvement in milk (P=0.10), fat (P=0.11), and energy yield (P=0.07) while on treatment, but when RPNi was removed from the ration milk (P=0.04), fat (P=0.10) and energy yields (P=0.06) decreased, compared to Control cows. Cows treated with low dose RPNi experienced a 16.3% decrease in prevalence of ketosis (P=0.06) and a 2.2 kg increase in dry matter (DM) intake (P=0.07) during the fresh period. The BCS of cows did not differ during the fresh period. Although the BCS of low dose RPNi cows decreased more (P=0.01) after moving to the high cow pen, BCS did not differ at 138 DIM. Conversely, cows treated with the higher dose PRNi (i.e., 14 g NA) experienced a decrease in milk (P=0.10), fat (P=0.11), and energy yields (P=0.07) while on treatment, but when RPNi treatment ended milk (P=0.04), fat (P=0.10), and milk energy (P=0.06) increased, with eventual convergence with Control cows. The high dose of RPNi did not affect ketosis prevalence, DM intake or BCS in the fresh pen. While Control cows began to regain BCS at the third sampling, high dose RPNi cows continued to lose BCS over the third (P=0.04) and fourth (P=0.10) BCS sampling in the high pens. The absence of change in BCS and blood NEFA levels indicates that the low dose of RPNi did not reduce lipolysis in adipose, but did aid in shifting the metabolism of NEFA away from ketogenesis towards the more efficient tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, thereby reducing ketosis and increasing milk production yields. It is likely that high level RPNi feeding initially blocked lipolysis, but to an extent that cows were pushed in to very severe NEB, resulting in the decreased DM intake and maintained high ketosis prevalence. As feeding RPNi at any level had minimal effect on BCS and no effect on prevalence of NEB, no change in fertility parameters was as expected. After cows traverse the fresh pen, and progress through lactation, the metabolic focus shifts towards increasing and maintaining high productivity. One of the most common ways to improve milk production is by feeding fat to improve the NE density of the ration. Although not all dietary lipids have the same effects on fat utilization in the cow, particularly milk production and fat storage, two of the key components of dietary fat that have the greatest effect are the fat level of the ration and its saturation. To examine how these two parameters effect milk production metabolism, especially milk fat yield and BCS, three rations were fed to early lactation cows: A low fat control ration (LFC), and two isocaloric "high fat" rations, where one was high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from corn oil (HFU), and the second was high in saturated fat due to inclusion of a rumen-inert Ca-salt of fatty acids (HFS). Cows fed the HFS ration had increased milk, fat, protein, and milk energy yields (P
Book Synopsis Smallholder Dairying in the Tropics by : Lindsay Falvey
Download or read book Smallholder Dairying in the Tropics written by Lindsay Falvey and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fatty Acid Digestibility of Fat Sources Fed to Dairy Cows and Effects on Concentration of Fat in Milk by : Elizabeth Rose Homerosky
Download or read book Fatty Acid Digestibility of Fat Sources Fed to Dairy Cows and Effects on Concentration of Fat in Milk written by Elizabeth Rose Homerosky and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Milk fat yield affects the price received for milk by dairy farmers, and given the rising feed costs, maximizing diet digestibility is critical for the economical viability of dairy farms. Although feeding animal-vegetable fat or coconut oil to dairy cows can increase energy intake, they sometimes cause milk fat depression (MFD). Feeding monensin has been found to increase feed efficiency and milk yield; however, it sometimes causes a decrease in milk fat percentage. The objective of this research was to determine which sources of fat fed in conjunction with monensin may optimize yields of milk and milk fat. Six rumen-cannulated Holstein cows were fed 3 different diets varying in fat sources with and without the addition of monensin. The basal diet consisted of 50% concentrate, 33.5% corn silage, and 16.5% alfalfa hay. The control diet (C) contained 2.4% fat. This diet was supplemented with animal-vegetable fat (AV) and coconut oil (CO) separately to increase energy density and concentration of total fatty acids to approximately 6.1%. These 3 diets (C, AV, and CO) were further supplemented with 260 mg/cow/day of monensin for the remaining 3 diets (CM, AVM, and COM, respectively). Compared to C, apparent digestibility of total fatty acids increased with the addition of fat in the diet. Total fatty acid digestibility was greater with CO than AV due to more digestible medium chain fatty acids in CO. Digestibility of C16 fatty acids were greater with the addition of fat. Monensin and CO increased digestibility of C18 fatty acids. The CO diet resulted in about 5 kg/d less intake compared to C and AV. Addition of CO resulted in the greatest decrease in milk yield. Milk fat yield and percentage were decreased with fat addition, especially with the feeding of CO. Although CO is not a good alternative to AV to prevent MFD in dairy cows, its use can help identify the ruminal changes in biohydrogenation promoting MFD.
Book Synopsis Lipid Metabolism in Ruminant Animals by : William W. Christie
Download or read book Lipid Metabolism in Ruminant Animals written by William W. Christie and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-19 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lipid Metabolism in Ruminant Animals is a nine-chapter book that first discusses the anatomy, physiology, and microbiology of the ruminant digestive tract. Subsequent chapters center on lipid metabolism in the rumen; digestion, absorption and transport of lipids in ruminant animals; the composition, structure and function of lipids in the tissues of ruminant animals; and the effects of diet and other factors on the lipid composition of ruminant tissues and milk. Other chapters focus on lipid metabolism in the mammary gland, adipose tissue, liver, and other selected tissues of ruminant animals.
Book Synopsis Investigating the Behavior of Fatty Acids and Fat Supplements in the Rumen of Dairy Cattle and the Effects on Milk Fat Production by : Reilly Pierce
Download or read book Investigating the Behavior of Fatty Acids and Fat Supplements in the Rumen of Dairy Cattle and the Effects on Milk Fat Production written by Reilly Pierce and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dietary fat is an important component on the diets of lactating dairy cattle. Concentration of dietary fat can be increase by feeding oilseeds or enriched fat supplements which allows cattle to partition energy differently which can lead to increases in milk fat concentration, milk fat yield, or milk yield. One common oilseed fed to dairy cattle is cottonseed, as it is high in fiber but also relatively high in fat compared to other common feedstuffs. Fat supplements are very high in fat (>95%) but are more expensive so dairy producers often strike a balance and may feed both fat supplements and oilseeds to dairy cattle. The first objective of this thesis was to investigate the effects of cottonseed on milk production in dairy cattle. Previous research feeding cottonseed fed inclusion rates of cottonseed in excess of 15% of dry matter intake (DMI), but cattle were producing less milk and consuming less so therefore, the actual mass of the cottonseed consumed may not be as high as contemporary dairy cattle. This thesis fed cottonseed at up to 9.9% of DMI and found that cottonseed inclusion into the diets of multiparous cattle did not affect milk yield or milk composition but led to a decrease in DMI indicating that it could be safely fed to mature cows. In primiparous cattle, cottonseed inclusion induced milk fat-depression, indicating that the level of unsaturated fatty acids in the diet was greater than the biohydrogenation potential of the ruminal microbes of these animals. The second part of this thesis was to examine the effects of increased concentrations of an unsaturated fatty acid (cis-9 C18:1; oleic acid) in a prilled fat supplement on the milk production and milk composition in dairy cows. Previous research suggests that oleic acid may increase digestibility of dietary fatty acids and consequently increase the amount of preformed fat for milk fat synthesis. This experiment indicated that fat supplementation in multiparous cows may decrease milk yield and DMI but was no effect of increased levels of oleic acid on other production components in dairy cattle. Further investigation of the data collected for each half of the thesis is required to determine the effects on the respective methods of fat supplementation on fatty acid digestibility in lactating dairy cattle.
