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Author : Rose Knight
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (489 download)
Download or read book Changes in the Occupational Structure of the Working Population written by Rose Knight and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rose Knight
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (489 download)
Download or read book Changes in the Occupational Structure of the Working Population written by Rose Knight and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309065259
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book The Changing Nature of Work written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-10-07 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there is great debate about how work is changing, there is a clear consensus that changes are fundamental and ongoing. The Changing Nature of Work examines the evidence for change in the world of work. The committee provides a clearly illustrated framework for understanding changes in work and these implications for analyzing the structure of occupations in both the civilian and military sectors. This volume explores the increasing demographic diversity of the workforce, the fluidity of boundaries between lines of work, the interdependent choices for how work is structured-and ultimately, the need for an integrated systematic approach to understanding how work is changing. The book offers a rich array of data and highlighted examples on: Markets, technology, and many other external conditions affecting the nature of work. Research findings on American workers and how they feel about work. Downsizing and the trend toward flatter organizational hierarchies. Autonomy, complexity, and other aspects of work structure. The committee reviews the evolution of occupational analysis and examines the effectiveness of the latest systems in characterizing current and projected changes in civilian and military work. The occupational structure and changing work requirements in the Army are presented as a case study.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172926
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Changing Nature of Work written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-07 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there is great debate about how work is changing, there is a clear consensus that changes are fundamental and ongoing. The Changing Nature of Work examines the evidence for change in the world of work. The committee provides a clearly illustrated framework for understanding changes in work and these implications for analyzing the structure of occupations in both the civilian and military sectors. This volume explores the increasing demographic diversity of the workforce, the fluidity of boundaries between lines of work, the interdependent choices for how work is structured-and ultimately, the need for an integrated systematic approach to understanding how work is changing. The book offers a rich array of data and highlighted examples on: Markets, technology, and many other external conditions affecting the nature of work. Research findings on American workers and how they feel about work. Downsizing and the trend toward flatter organizational hierarchies. Autonomy, complexity, and other aspects of work structure. The committee reviews the evolution of occupational analysis and examines the effectiveness of the latest systems in characterizing current and projected changes in civilian and military work. The occupational structure and changing work requirements in the Army are presented as a case study.
Author : Sara Hayati
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)
Download or read book Essays on the Changes in the Occupational Structure and the U.S. Labor Market Outcomes written by Sara Hayati and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This dissertation investigates how changes in the U.S. occupational structure affected labor market outcomes between 1983 and 2009.The existing literature shows that the high-paid and low-paid non-routine task-intensive occupations grew relative to middle-paid routine task-intensive occupations. However, more detailed data analysis shows substantial differences in the growth of employment share and wages of specific occupations within broad occupational groups, particularly, within non-routine occupations. In Chapter 2, following the O*Net experts' task grouping approach, the occupations' tasks are categorized based on the nature of tasks: Social, Mental, Technical, and Physical. This way of organizing occupations can better explain the employment share and wage heterogeneities within broad occupational groups. Using the CPS and O*Net datasets, this chapter shows that between1983 and 2009, the employment share and wage of Social task-intensive occupations increased significantly. In addition, further dividing Social task-intensive occupations into Management, Team, and Customer groups shows that the increase of employment shares of Management task-intensive occupations occurred during the 1990s, while the increase of employment shares in Customer task-intensive occupations occurred between 1983 and 2009, especially in the 2000s.Men and women work in occupations that differ in their task content. The first part of Chapter 3 investigates how differences in the occupational structure contributed to gender wage gaps and their changes over time. Using the DiNardo, Fortin, and Lemieux (1996) decomposition method, this chapter shows that in both 1983 and 2009, the wage gap between the genders would have been wider if female workers had not been engaged significantly in Mental task-intensive occupations. Furthermore, women's lower employment shares in Management task-intensive occupations contributed to widening gender wage gap. Results also show that the increase in employment shares of women in Social task-intensive occupations, especially Customer ones, caused a significant effect in closing the gender wage gap between 1983 and 2009. The second part of this chapter investigates the contribution of different occupations to wage inequality among men and women. Results show that, particularly in the 2000s, part of the relative increase in wages in the top tail of wage distribution within men is because high-paid men increasingly worked in Social task-intensive occupations; while within women, it is because high-paid women increasingly worked in Mental task-intensive occupations.Chapter 4 delves deeper into how exactly the changes in the occupational employment structure documented in Chapter 2 occurred; and how the task content of occupations varied over the life cycle of cohorts and across them. Results show that as young workers entered the labor force, they participated mostly in Physical and Technical task-intensive occupations and started decreasing their employment shares in these occupations as they aged. In contrast, they had lower employment shares in Social and especially Mental task-intensive occupations, which increased as they aged. These patterns are similar for all cohorts. The analysis of between-cohort evidence shows that almost all of the subsequent cohorts increased their employment shares in the growing Social task-intensive occupations." --
Author : Fred C. Pampel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book A Social Indicator Model of Changes in the Occupational Structure of the United States, 1947-74 written by Fred C. Pampel and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309261961
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Aging and the Macroeconomy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is in the midst of a major demographic shift. In the coming decades, people aged 65 and over will make up an increasingly large percentage of the population: The ratio of people aged 65+ to people aged 20-64 will rise by 80%. This shift is happening for two reasons: people are living longer, and many couples are choosing to have fewer children and to have those children somewhat later in life. The resulting demographic shift will present the nation with economic challenges, both to absorb the costs and to leverage the benefits of an aging population. Aging and the Macroeconomy: Long-Term Implications of an Older Population presents the fundamental factors driving the aging of the U.S. population, as well as its societal implications and likely long-term macroeconomic effects in a global context. The report finds that, while population aging does not pose an insurmountable challenge to the nation, it is imperative that sensible policies are implemented soon to allow companies and households to respond. It offers four practical approaches for preparing resources to support the future consumption of households and for adapting to the new economic landscape.
Author : Williams, Mark
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1529208327
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (292 download)
Download or read book Mapping Good Work written by Williams, Mark and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence In this enlightening study of modern working lives in Britain, leading experts on the sociology of work draw on detailed statistical analyses to assess job quality and job satisfaction. Drawing on decades of research data on hundreds of occupational groups, the authors challenge conventional notions of ‘good work’ and consider them afresh through the lens of workers themselves. With examples from many professions, the book examines why some occupations feel more rewarding than others, regardless of factors like pay and security. Exploring fresh policies to promote the agenda for fulfilling employment, it builds an important case for genuine and sustained satisfaction in working lives.
Author : Leonard Abe Lecht
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)
Download or read book Changes in Occupational Characteristics written by Leonard Abe Lecht and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report on occupational structure and labour force projections with regard to 123 occupations related to major vocational training programmes in the USA. Discusses the implications for human resources planning and for educational planning of social indicators reflecting trends in educational level, wages, occupational choice, population structure and increased employment opportunity for woman workers and for African Americans.
Author : William R. Buechner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Technological Change and the Occupational Composition of the American Labor Force, 1950-1960 written by William R. Buechner and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Roderick Floud
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107038464
Total Pages : 607 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)
Download or read book The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain written by Roderick Floud and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-10-09 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new edition of the leading textbook on the economic history of Britain since industrialization. Combining the expertise of more than thirty leading historians and economists, Volume 2 tracks the development of the British economy from late nineteenth-century global dominance to its early twenty-first century position as a mid-sized player in an integrated European economy. Each chapter provides a clear guide to the major controversies in the field and students are shown how to connect historical evidence with economic theory and how to apply quantitative methods. The chapters re-examine issues of Britain's relative economic growth and decline over the 'long' twentieth century, setting the British experience within an international context, and benchmark its performance against that of its European and global competitors. Suggestions for further reading are also provided in each chapter, to help students engage thoroughly with the topics being discussed.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309677327
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Are Generational Categories Meaningful Distinctions for Workforce Management? written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-11-21 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Headlines frequently appear that purport to highlight the differences among workers of different generations and explain how employers can manage the wants and needs of each generation. But is each new generation really that different from previous ones? Are there fundamental differences among generations that impact how they act and interact in the workplace? Or are the perceived differences among generations simply an indicator of age-related differences between older and younger workers or a reflection of all people adapting to a changing workplace? Are Generational Categories Meaningful Distinctions for Workforce Management? reviews the state and rigor of the empirical work related to generations and assesses whether generational categories are meaningful in tackling workforce management problems. This report makes recommendations for directions for future research and improvements to employment practices.
Author : Changhwan Kim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (98 download)
Download or read book Occupational Structure and Growing Wage Inequality in the U.S., 1983 - 2002 written by Changhwan Kim and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1980's, wage inequality in the U.S. has been dramatically increasing. I investigate the impact of occupational structure, measured at the three-digit level, on this trend of growing wage inequality. The investigation is conducted in terms of three major research tasks. First, I test the validity of the 'disaggregate structuration' view in relation to growing wage inequality. The 'disaggregate structuration' view is suggested as an alternative to big class theories. Theorists of the 'disaggregate structuration' view assert that an occupation is a gemeinschaftlich community characterized by internal homogeneity. Thus, this view implies that most of the rise in inequality occurs between occupations and that within-occupational inequality is actually decreasing, due to the progress of 'occupationalization.' My analyses, however, find that the majority of the growth in inequality has occurred within occupations. Secondly, I thus seek a more delineated explanation for the causes of rising within-occupational inequality. I investigate whether previously proposed hypotheses can account for this phenomenon. Hypotheses that I test include demographic change, deindustrialization, unions, insecure employment relations, increases in the return to skill, and changes of firm organizations. Although smaller than within-occupational inequality, between-occupational inequality has also been growing during this period. Thirdly, I therefore investigate the changes of between-occupational inequality. Since between- occupational inequality is a weighted sum of occupational mean wages, I examine whether the same hypotheses tested for within-occupational inequality can explain the changes in occupational mean wages over time. Using the Current Population Survey (CPS) from 1983 to 2002, I find that as within-occupational inequality has grown faster than between-occupational inequality, the direct association between occupational structure and wage inequality has declined over this period. While the importance of general skills (i.e., education) in determining workers' wages is growing, the importance of occupation-specific skills is declining. For regression models of hourly wages, the amount of R-squared increase by adding three-digit occupational codes (331 occupational dummies) in addition to general skills (5 dummies of education) has decreased for this period. Therefore, the strong version of 'aggregate structuration' and 'occupationalization' is not supported. I would like to note, however, that the R-squared of hourly wage increases jumped significantly when we use three-digit occupational codes instead of one-digit occupational codes even after adjusting for the degrees of freedom. Thus, the weak version of structuration is not rejected. For multivariate tests, inequality indexes and other variables by detailed occupation are extracted from each year's CPS and merged into one panel data file with occupation as a unit of analysis. Multi-level growth models are then estimated using detailed occupational categories as the unit of analysis in order to assess how the structural characteristics of occupations affect changes in mean wages and wage inequality over this time period. Contrary to the expectations of the skill-biased technological change hypothesis, changes in the distribution of education do not affect the growth of wage inequality within occupations. In contrast to the traditional view of unions as promoting wage equality, within-occupational inequality is increased by unionization. The increase of female labor market participation seems to pull down inequality in an occupation. Deindustrialization does not account for the rise of intra-occupational inequality, while insecure employment relations do. As expected by the organizational change view, inequality grows faster in high skill jobs and service jobs. Regarding between-occupational inequality, traditional explanations do better jobs in accounting for its change than for within-occupational inequality. Skill biased technological changes and unions have positive effects on occupational mean wages. Multi-level growth models provide additional evidence against disaggregate structuration. The disaggregate structuration view assumes that occupational common interests will be achieved as accomplishment of active occupational associations. Thus, the changes of occupational mean wage, which is a clearly common interest of members in an occupation, should be explained by occupation itself, not by other demographic and institutional variables. Contrary to this expectation, most of the within-occupational variation are not explained well by other demographic and institutional variables, including race, gender, and unions. In conclusion, although sociologists often view occupation as the back-bone of the stratification system, the rise in within-occupational inequality suggests that broader, more complex approaches may be needed in order to better explain the increasing disparity in wages. I suggest that more attention should be given to firm level studies in which changes inside and between firms are investigated.
Author : Constance St. Clair Solan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Factors Influencing the Occupational Employment Structure of Nonwhites in the United States written by Constance St. Clair Solan and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robert M. Hauser
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483263258
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)
Download or read book The Process of Stratification written by Robert M. Hauser and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Process of Stratification: Trends and Analyses discusses the conceptual scheme developed by Blau and Duncan. The book elaborates Blau and Duncan's description and analysis of socioencomic inequality, stratification, and inequality of opportunity in American society during the early 1960s. The authors review the assumptions and methods; they point to a different direction from the widely held assumption that occupational socioeconomic status is the primary determinant to mobility. They also use the Alphabetical Index as the basis for better collection method on data relating to occupation, industry and class of worker. As regards occupational mobility, the authors note that such mobility is limited by the depletion of occupational groups that higher-status occupations have sourced from. They also point that American society is homogenous in the sense of the determinants of socioeconomic achievements can exert influence. The authors then discuss an exercise in theory construction of intergenerational transmission of income. They conclude that income mobility is similar to occupational or educational mobility; to be more precise, they note that empirical evidence should be gathered. This book can prove useful for economists, sociologists, policy makers, as well as academicians involved in societal studies.
Author : International Labour Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789220314081
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (14 download)
Download or read book World Employment and Social Outlook written by International Labour Office and published by . This book was released on 2020-01-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an overview of global and regional trends in employment, unemployment, labour force participation and productivity, as well as dimensions of job quality such as employment status, informal employment and working poverty. It also examines income and social developments, and provides an indicator of social unrest. Key findings are that are unemployment is projected to rise after a long period of stability, and that many people are working fewer paid hours than they would like or lack adequate access to paid work. The report also takes a close look at decent work deficits and persistent labour market inequalities, noting that income inequality is higher than previously thought.
Author : Ronald Hsia
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429657366
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)
Download or read book Industrialisation, Employment and Income Distribution written by Ronald Hsia and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1978. In spite of the wide recognition of Hong Kong’s successful growth record, little is known about the impact that rapid industrialisation has had on income distribution. The transformation of an entrepôt economy into an industrial one has been accompanied by a transition from a labour surplus to a labour shortage economy, which has had a profound influence on the distribution of income by size. The effect has been channelled through a number of variables such as the composition of employment by industry, occupational structure, labour force participation rate and wage structure. All these changes have, moreover, owed much to the existence of a market mechanism which has been virtually free from government intervention. Beginning with a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of the various characteristics of employment and the labour force on household income distribution, this study assesses the impact of Hong Kong’s industrialisation and employment growth on its income distribution. Through an analysis of the changes in industrial and occupational structures, employment status, household size, labour participation rate, inflow of labour and wage and employment structures, it considers not only how income distribution alters with economic development, but also the mechanism that has brought about these changes. The redistribution effect of government activities is examined and the incidence of particular taxes to different income groups is apportioned to give a clear overall picture. Finally, the benefits obtained from government expenditures on housing, education and health are measured and are allocated to different income groups, illustrating how this has appreciably reduced income inequality in Hong Kong.
