Causation Coherence And Concepts

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Causation, Coherence and Concepts

Author : W. Spohn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402054742
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Causation, Coherence and Concepts by : W. Spohn

Download or read book Causation, Coherence and Concepts written by W. Spohn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-14 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this collection I present 16 of my, I feel, more substantial papers on theoretical philosophy, 12 as originally published, one co-authored with Ulrike Haas-Spohn (Chapter14), one (Chapter 15) that was a brief conference commentary, but is in fact a suitable appendix to Chapter 14, one as a translation of a German paper (Chapter 12), and one newly written for this volume (Chapter 16), which, however, is only my recent attempt to properly and completely express an argument I had given in two earlier papers. I gratefully acknowledge permission of reprint from the relevant publishers at the beginning of each paper. In disciplinary terms the papers cover epistemology, general philosophy of science, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. The section titles Belief, Causation, Laws, Coherence, and Concepts and the paper titles give a more adequate impression of the topics dealt with. The papers are tightly connected. I feel they might be even read as unfolding a program, though this program was never fully clear in my mind and still isn’t. In the Introduction I attempt to describe what this program might be, thus drawing a reconstructed red thread, or rather two red threads, through all the papers. This will serve, at the same time, as an overview over the papers collected.

Etiological Explanations

Author : Olaf Dammann
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429532873
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Etiological Explanations by : Olaf Dammann

Download or read book Etiological Explanations written by Olaf Dammann and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-05-26 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory of illness causation is an important issue in all biomedical sciences, and solid etiological explanations are needed in order to develop therapeutic approaches in medicine and preventive interventions in public health. Until now, the literature about the theoretical underpinnings of illness causation research has been scarce and fragmented, and lacking a convenient summary. This interdisciplinary book provides a convenient and accessible distillation of the current status of research into this developing field, and adds a personal flavor to the discussion by proposing the etiological stance as a comprehensive approach to identify modifiable causes of illness. Key Features • Provides a synthesis of the epidemiological and philosophical concepts in this growing research area • Gives an accessible overview of current methods in biomedical causal metaphysics ̶ what is a cause of illness? ̶ and epistemology ̶ how do we identify it? • Proposes a novel approach that integrates modern epidemiological methodology and recent theories from philosophy of science Written for postgraduate students and researchers in the health and biomedical sciences, including those undertaking courses in the philosophy of medicine/science, public and global health, introduction to epidemiology, research methods, and advanced reasoning, the content will also be of interest to practicing public health workers, biomedical scientists, and physicians. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Olaf Dammann is Professor and Vice Chair of Public Health and Community Medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; as well as a Professor in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Cover image: Mask used by "Eskimo" shaman in causation of illness. Credit: Wellcome Collection. CC BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health

Author : Roger Detels
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019881013X
Total Pages : 1717 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health by : Roger Detels

Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health written by Roger Detels and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 1717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sixth edition of the hugely successful, internationally recognised textbook on global public health and epidemiology, with 3 volumes comprehensively covering the scope, methods, and practice of the discipline

Epidemiology

Author : Kenneth J. Rothman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199754551
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Epidemiology by : Kenneth J. Rothman

Download or read book Epidemiology written by Kenneth J. Rothman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-21 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this essential introduction to epidemiology presents the core concepts in a unified approach that aims to cut through the fog and elucidate the fundamental concepts.

Concepts of Epidemiology

Author : Raj S. Bhopal
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198739680
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Concepts of Epidemiology by : Raj S. Bhopal

Download or read book Concepts of Epidemiology written by Raj S. Bhopal and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First edition published in 2002. Second edition published in 2008.

Causality

Author : Judea Pearl
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 052189560X
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Causality by : Judea Pearl

Download or read book Causality written by Judea Pearl and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Causality offers the first comprehensive coverage of causal analysis in many sciences, including recent advances using graphical methods. Pearl presents a unified account of the probabilistic, manipulative, counterfactual and structural approaches to causation, and devises simple mathematical tools for analyzing the relationships between causal connections, statistical associations, actions and observations. The book will open the way for including causal analysis in the standard curriculum of statistics, artificial intelligence ...

Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Long-Term Health, and Highway Safety

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309392527
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Long-Term Health, and Highway Safety by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Long-Term Health, and Highway Safety written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-09-12 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are approximately 4,000 fatalities in crashes involving trucks and buses in the United States each year. Though estimates are wide-ranging, possibly 10 to 20 percent of these crashes might have involved fatigued drivers. The stresses associated with their particular jobs (irregular schedules, etc.) and the lifestyle that many truck and bus drivers lead, puts them at substantial risk for insufficient sleep and for developing short- and long-term health problems. Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Long-Term Health and Highway Safety assesses the state of knowledge about the relationship of such factors as hours of driving, hours on duty, and periods of rest to the fatigue experienced by truck and bus drivers while driving and the implications for the safe operation of their vehicles. This report evaluates the relationship of these factors to drivers' health over the longer term, and identifies improvements in data and research methods that can lead to better understanding in both areas.

Causal Learning

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 008086385X
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Causal Learning by :

Download or read book Causal Learning written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1996-09-26 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Psychology of Learning and Motivation publishes empirical and theoretical contributions in cognitive and experimental psychology, ranging from classical and instrumental conditions to complex learning and problem solving. This guest-edited special volume is devoted to current research and discussion on associative versus cognitive accounts of learning. Written by major investigators in the field, topics include all aspects of causal learning in an open forum in which different approaches are brought together. - Up-to-date review of the literature - Discusses recent controversies - Presents major advances in understanding causal learning - Synthesizes contrasting approaches - Includes important empirical contributions - Written by leading researchers in the field

The Oxford Handbook of the Development of Imagination

Author : Marjorie Taylor
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199909199
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Development of Imagination by : Marjorie Taylor

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Development of Imagination written by Marjorie Taylor and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are widely celebrated for their imaginations, but developmental research on this topic has often been fragmented or narrowly focused on fantasy. However, there is growing appreciation for the role that imagination plays in cognitive and emotional development, as well as its link with children's understanding of the real world. With their imaginations, children mentally transcend time, place, and/or circumstance to think about what might have been, plan and anticipate the future, create fictional relationships and worlds, and consider alternatives to the actual experiences of their lives. The Oxford Handbook of the Development of Imagination provides a comprehensive overview of this broad new perspective by bringing together leading researchers whose findings are moving the study of imagination from the margins of mainstream psychology to a central role in current efforts to understand human thought. The topics covered include fantasy-reality distinctions, pretend play, magical thinking, narrative, anthropomorphism, counterfactual reasoning, mental time travel, creativity, paracosms, imaginary companions, imagination in non-human animals, the evolution of imagination, autism, dissociation, and the capacity to derive real life resilience from imaginative experiences. Many of the chapters include discussions of the educational, clinical, and legal implications of the research findings and special attention is given to suggestions for future research.

Modern Epidemiology

Author : Kenneth J. Rothman
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 9780781755641
Total Pages : 776 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (556 download)

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Book Synopsis Modern Epidemiology by : Kenneth J. Rothman

Download or read book Modern Epidemiology written by Kenneth J. Rothman and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2008 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thoroughly revised and updated Third Edition of the acclaimed Modern Epidemiology reflects both the conceptual development of this evolving science and the increasingly focal role that epidemiology plays in dealing with public health and medical problems. Coauthored by three leading epidemiologists, with sixteen additional contributors, this Third Edition is the most comprehensive and cohesive text on the principles and methods of epidemiologic research. The book covers a broad range of concepts and methods, such as basic measures of disease frequency and associations, study design, field methods, threats to validity, and assessing precision. It also covers advanced topics in data analysis such as Bayesian analysis, bias analysis, and hierarchical regression. Chapters examine specific areas of research such as disease surveillance, ecologic studies, social epidemiology, infectious disease epidemiology, genetic and molecular epidemiology, nutritional epidemiology, environmental epidemiology, reproductive epidemiology, and clinical epidemiology.

Causation, Prediction, and Search

Author : Peter Spirtes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461227488
Total Pages : 551 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Causation, Prediction, and Search by : Peter Spirtes

Download or read book Causation, Prediction, and Search written by Peter Spirtes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended for anyone, regardless of discipline, who is interested in the use of statistical methods to help obtain scientific explanations or to predict the outcomes of actions, experiments or policies. Much of G. Udny Yule's work illustrates a vision of statistics whose goal is to investigate when and how causal influences may be reliably inferred, and their comparative strengths estimated, from statistical samples. Yule's enterprise has been largely replaced by Ronald Fisher's conception, in which there is a fundamental cleavage between experimental and non experimental inquiry, and statistics is largely unable to aid in causal inference without randomized experimental trials. Every now and then members of the statistical community express misgivings about this turn of events, and, in our view, rightly so. Our work represents a return to something like Yule's conception of the enterprise of theoretical statistics and its potential practical benefits. If intellectual history in the 20th century had gone otherwise, there might have been a discipline to which our work belongs. As it happens, there is not. We develop material that belongs to statistics, to computer science, and to philosophy; the combination may not be entirely satisfactory for specialists in any of these subjects. We hope it is nonetheless satisfactory for its purpose.

Narrative Comprehension, Causality, and Coherence

Author : Susan R. Goldman
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135666067
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis Narrative Comprehension, Causality, and Coherence by : Susan R. Goldman

Download or read book Narrative Comprehension, Causality, and Coherence written by Susan R. Goldman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1999-08-01 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an excellent overview of the field of discourse processes, capturing both its breadth and its depth. World-renowned researchers present the latest theoretical developments and thought-provoking empirical data. In doing so, they cover a broad range of communicative activities, including text comprehension, conversational communication, argumentation, television or media viewing, and more. A central theme across all chapters concerns the notion that coherence determines the interpretation of the communication. The various chapters illustrate the many forms that coherence can take, and explore its role in different communicative settings.

Causation with a Human Face

Author : James Woodward
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197585418
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis Causation with a Human Face by : James Woodward

Download or read book Causation with a Human Face written by James Woodward and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past few decades have seen an explosion of research on causal reasoning in philosophy, computer science, and statistics, as well as descriptive research in psychology about how people reason about causes. Causation with a Human Face integrates these lines of research and argues for an understanding of how each can inform the other: normative ideas can suggest interesting experiments, while descriptive results can suggest important normative concepts. Woodward's overall framework builds on an interventionist treatment of causation, and discusses proposals about the role of invariant or stable relationships in successful causal reasoning and the notion of proportionality. He argues that these normative ideas are reflected in the causal judgments that people actually make as a descriptive matter.

Mental Causation and Ontology

Author : S. C. Gibb
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199603774
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Mental Causation and Ontology by : S. C. Gibb

Download or read book Mental Causation and Ontology written by S. C. Gibb and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-03-21 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates the importance of ontology for a central debate in philosophy of mind. Mental causation seems an obvious aspect of the world. But it is hard to understand how it can happen unless we get clear about what the entities involved in the process are. An international team of contributors presents new work on this problem.

The Cambridge Companion to Hume's Treatise

Author : Donald C. Ainslie
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521821673
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Companion to Hume's Treatise by : Donald C. Ainslie

Download or read book The Cambridge Companion to Hume's Treatise written by Donald C. Ainslie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-26 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Companion evaluates Hume's philosophical arguments in A Treatise of Human Nature and considers their historical context, particularly within British empiricism.

Causality and Causal Modelling in the Social Sciences

Author : Federica Russo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402088175
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Causality and Causal Modelling in the Social Sciences by : Federica Russo

Download or read book Causality and Causal Modelling in the Social Sciences written by Federica Russo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-18 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This investigation into causal modelling presents the rationale of causality, i.e. the notion that guides causal reasoning in causal modelling. It is argued that causal models are regimented by a rationale of variation, nor of regularity neither invariance, thus breaking down the dominant Human paradigm. The notion of variation is shown to be embedded in the scheme of reasoning behind various causal models. It is also shown to be latent – yet fundamental – in many philosophical accounts. Moreover, it has significant consequences for methodological issues: the warranty of the causal interpretation of causal models, the levels of causation, the characterisation of mechanisms, and the interpretation of probability. This book offers a novel philosophical and methodological approach to causal reasoning in causal modelling and provides the reader with the tools to be up to date about various issues causality rises in social science.

The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning

Author : Michael Waldmann
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199399557
Total Pages : 769 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning by : Michael Waldmann

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning written by Michael Waldmann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Causal reasoning is one of our most central cognitive competencies, enabling us to adapt to our world. Causal knowledge allows us to predict future events, or diagnose the causes of observed facts. We plan actions and solve problems using knowledge about cause-effect relations. Without our ability to discover and empirically test causal theories, we would not have made progress in various empirical sciences. The handbook brings together the leading researchers in the field of causal reasoning and offers state-of-the-art presentations of theories and research. It provides introductions of competing theories of causal reasoning, and discusses its role in various cognitive functions and domains. The final section presents research from neighboring fields.