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Catastrophic Failure Of Contaminated Fused Silica Optics At 355 Nm
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Book Synopsis Catastrophic Failure of Contaminated Fused Silica Optics at 355 Nm by :
Download or read book Catastrophic Failure of Contaminated Fused Silica Optics at 355 Nm written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For years, contamination has been known to degrade the performance of optics and to sometimes initiate laser-induced damage to initiate. This study has W to quantify these effects for fused silica windows used at 355 mm Contamination particles (Al, Cu, TiO2 and ZrO2) were artificially deposited onto the surface and damage tests were conducted with a 3 ns NdYAG laser. The damage morphology was characterized by Nomarski optical microscopy. The results showed that the damage morphology for input and output surface contamination is different. For input surface contamination, both input and output surfaces can damage. In particular, the particle can induce pitting or drilling of the surface where the beam exits. Such damage usually grows catastrophically. Output surface contamination is usually ablated away on the shot but can also induce catastrophic damage. Plasmas are observed during illumination and seem to play an important role in the damage mechanism. The relationship between fluence and contamination size for which catastrophic damage occurred was plotted for different contamination materials. The results show that particles even as small as 10 [mu]m can substantially decrease the damage threshold of the window and that metallic particles on the input surface have a more negative effect than oxide particles.
Book Synopsis Laser-induced Damage of Fused Silica at 355 and 1065 Nm Initiated at Aluminum Contamination Particles on the Surface by :
Download or read book Laser-induced Damage of Fused Silica at 355 and 1065 Nm Initiated at Aluminum Contamination Particles on the Surface written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1-[mu]m thick circular dots, 10-250[mu]m dia, were deposited onto 1.14 cm thick fused silica windows by sputtering Al through a mask. Al shavings were also deposited on the windows to investigate effects of particle-substrate adhesion. The silica windows were then illuminated repetitively using a 3-ns, 355 nm and an 8.6-ns, 1064 nm laser. The tests were conducted at near normal incidence with particles on input and output surfaces of the windows. During the first shot, a plasma ignited at the metal particle and damage initiated on the fused silica surface. The morphology of the damage at the metal dots were reproducible but different for input and output surface contamination. For input surface contamination, minor damage occurred where the particle was located; such damage ceased to grow with the removal of contaminant material. More serious damage (pits and cracks) was initiated on the output surface (especially at 355 nm) and grew to catastrophic proportions after few shots. Output surface contaminants were usually ejected on the initial shot, leaving a wave pattern on the surface. No further damage occurred with subsequent shots unless a shot (usually the first shot) cracked the surface; such behavior was mostly observed at 355 nm and occasionally for large shavings at 1064 nm. The size of the damaged area scaled with the size of the particle (except when catastrophic damage occurred). Onset of catastrophic damage on output surface occurred only when particles exceeded a critical size. Damage behavior of the sputtered dots was found to be qualitatively similar to that of the shavings. The artificial contamination technique accelerated the study by allowing better control of the test conditions.
Book Synopsis Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials by :
Download or read book Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Optics Manufacturing by : Christoph Gerhard
Download or read book Optics Manufacturing written by Christoph Gerhard and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical components are essential key elements in modern engineering and everyday life. The education of skilled personnel and specialists in the fields of theoretical and practical optics manufacturing is of essential importance for next-generation technologies. Against this background, this book provides the basis for the education and advanced training of precision and ophthalmic optics technicians, craftsmen, and foremen, and it is an extensive reference work for students, academics, optical designers or shop managers, and production engineers. It not only covers particularly used and applied machines, working materials, testing procedures, and machining steps for classical optics manufacturing, but it also addresses the production and specification of optical glasses as well as unconventional production techniques and novel approaches. Optics Manufacturing: Components and Systems furthermore covers the basics of light propagation and provides an overview on optical materials and components; presents an introduction and explanation of the necessary considerations and procedures for the initial definition of manufacturing tolerances and the relevant industrial standards for optics manufacturing; and addresses the production of micro optics, the assembly of opto-mechanical setups and possible manufacturing errors, and the impact of the resulting inaccuracies. In order to allow fast and clear access to the most essential information, each chapter ends with a short summary of the most important aspects, including an explanation of relevant equations, symbols, and abbreviations. For further reading, extensive lists of references are also provided. Finally, exercises on the covered basic principles of optics, approaches, and techniques of optics manufacturing—including their corresponding detailed solutions—are found in the appendix.
Book Synopsis High-power Laser Damage in Fused Silica by : Alberto Salleo
Download or read book High-power Laser Damage in Fused Silica written by Alberto Salleo and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thin Film Contamination Effects on Laser-induced Damage of Fused Silica Surfaces at 355 Nm by :
Download or read book Thin Film Contamination Effects on Laser-induced Damage of Fused Silica Surfaces at 355 Nm written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fused silica windows were artificially contaminated to estimate the resistance of target chamber debris shields against laser damage during NIF operation. Uniform contamination thin films (1 to 5 nm thick) were prepared by sputtering various materials (Au, Al, Cu, and B4C). The loss of transmission of the samples was first measured. They were then tested at 355 nm in air with an 8-ns Nd:YAG laser. The damage morphologies were characterized by Nomarski optical microscopy and SEM. Both theory and experiments showed that metal contamination for films as thin as 1 nm leads to a substantial loss of transmission. The laser damage resistance dropped very uniformly across the entire surface (e.g. 6 J/cm2 for 5 nm of Cu). The damage morphology characterization showed that contrary to clean silica, metal coated samples did not produce pits on the surface. B4C coated silica, on the other hand, led to a higher density of such damage pits. A model for light absorption in the thin film was coupled with a simple heat deposition and diffusion model to perform preliminary theoretical estimates of damage thresholds. The estimates of the loss due to light absorption and reflection pointed out significant .differences between metals (e.g. Al and Au). The damage threshold predictions were in qualitative agreement with experimental measurements.
Book Synopsis Laser-induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1998 by : Gregory J. Exarhos
Download or read book Laser-induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1998 written by Gregory J. Exarhos and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Study of 351-nm and 527-nm Laser-initiated Surface Damage on Fused Silica Surfaces Due to Typical Contaminants by : M. A. Johnson
Download or read book Experimental Study of 351-nm and 527-nm Laser-initiated Surface Damage on Fused Silica Surfaces Due to Typical Contaminants written by M. A. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optics damage under high-intensity illumination may be the direct result of laser light interaction with a contaminant on the surface. Contaminants of interest are small particles of the materials of construction of large laser systems and include aluminum, various absorbing glasses, and fused silica. In addition, once a damage site occurs and begins to grow, the ejecta from the growing damage site create contamination on nearby optic surfaces and may initiate damage on these surfaces via a process we call ''fratricide.'' We report on a number of experiments that we have performed on fused silica optics that were deliberately contaminated with materials of interest. The experiments were done using 527-nm light as well as 351-nm light. We have found that many of the contaminant particles are removed by the interaction with the laser and the likelihood of removal and/or damage is a function of both fluence and contaminant size. We have developed an empirical model for damage initiation in the presence of contaminants.
Book Synopsis Laser-induced Damage Initiated on the Surface of Particle Contamination Fused Silica at 1064nm by :
Download or read book Laser-induced Damage Initiated on the Surface of Particle Contamination Fused Silica at 1064nm written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental study was undertaken to quantify the effects of contamination particles on the damage threshold of laser-illuminated fused silica optics and set cleanliness requirements for optics on the beam line of the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Circular contamination particles were sputter-deposited onto fused silica windows which were then illuminated repetitively using a 1064nm laser. A variety of contaminants were tested including metals, oxides, and organics. Tests were conducted with particles on the input and output surfaces of the window, and the morphological features of the damage were very reproducible. A plasma often ignited at the contamination particle; its intensity was dependent upon the mass of the contaminant. Input surface damage was characteristically more severe than output surface damage. The size of the damaged area scaled with the size of the particle. On a few occasions, catastrophic damage (cracking or ablation of the substrate) initiated on the output surface due to contamination particles on either the input or output surface. From damage growth plots, predictions can be made about the severity of damage expected from contamination particles of known size and material.
Book Synopsis Laser-induced Damage Initiated on the Surface of Particle Contaminated Fused Silica Optics at 1064nm by : Kenneth Jerome Francis Michlitsch
Download or read book Laser-induced Damage Initiated on the Surface of Particle Contaminated Fused Silica Optics at 1064nm written by Kenneth Jerome Francis Michlitsch and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Contamination Effects on Optical Damage by :
Download or read book Contamination Effects on Optical Damage written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development and construction of high fluence lasers for inertial confinement fusion such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) or the Laser Megajoule in France continues to generate strong interest in the behavior of optical components under intense laser irradiation. the design of such lasers has created significant technological challenges in the area of laser glass, KDP crystal growth, surface finishing, and fused silica damage in the ultraviolet (UV). The damage of fused silica lenses at 355 nm is of particular concern since the optical design requires peak fluences that are very close to the damage threshold of the most resistant fused silica lenses available today.
Book Synopsis Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials by : Detlev Ristau
Download or read book Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials written by Detlev Ristau and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-03 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dedicated to users and developers of high-powered systems, Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials focuses on the research field of laser-induced damage and explores the significant and steady growth of applications for high-power lasers in the academic, industrial, and military arenas. Written by renowned experts in the field, this book concentr
Download or read book Inertial Confinement Fusion written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials by :
Download or read book Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Laser-induced Damage in Optical Materials, 1990 by : Harold Earl Bennett
Download or read book Laser-induced Damage in Optical Materials, 1990 written by Harold Earl Bennett and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1991 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of meeting -- Materials and measurements -- Surfaces and mirrors -- Thin films -- Fundamental mechanisms -- Presented by title only (papers not presented at conference).
Book Synopsis Mitigation of Laser Damage Growth in Fused Silica NIF Optics with a Galvanometer Scanned Carbon Dioxide Laser by : M. A. Norton
Download or read book Mitigation of Laser Damage Growth in Fused Silica NIF Optics with a Galvanometer Scanned Carbon Dioxide Laser written by M. A. Norton and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic operation of the National Ignition Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory depends on controlling growth of laser damage in the large, high cost optics exposed to UV light at 351 nm. Mitigation of the growth of damage sites on fused silica surfaces greater than several hundred microns in diameter has been previously reported by us using galvanometer scanning of a tightly focused 10.6 {micro}m CO{sub 2} laser spot over an area encompassing the laser damage. Further investigation revealed that fused silica vapor re-deposited on the surface as ''debris'' led to laser damage at unexpectedly low fluences when exposed to multiple laser shots at 351 nm. Additionally, laser power and spatial mode fluctuations in the mitigation laser led to poor repeatability of the process. We also found that the shape of the mitigation pit could produce downstream intensification that could damage other NIF optics. Modifications were made to both the laser system and the mitigation process in order to address these issues. Debris was completely eliminated by these changes, but repeatability and downstream intensification issues still persist.
Book Synopsis Fracture Induced Sub-Band Absorption as a Precursor to Optical Damage on Fused Silica Surfaces by :
Download or read book Fracture Induced Sub-Band Absorption as a Precursor to Optical Damage on Fused Silica Surfaces written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The optical damage threshold of indentation induced flaws on fused silica surfaces was explored. Mechanical flaws were characterized by laser damaged testing, SEM, optical, and photoluminescence microscopy. Localized polishing, chemical etching, and the control of indentation morphology were used to isolate the structural features which limit optical damage. A thin defect layer on fracture surfaces, including those smaller than the wavelength of visible light, was found to be the dominant source of laser damage initiation during illumination with 355nm, 3ns laser pulses. Little evidence was found that either displaced or densified material or fluence intensification plays a significant role in optical damage at fluences>35J/cm2. Elimination of the defect layer was shown to increase the overall damage performance of fused silica optics.
