Catalytic Co Pyrolysis Of Pinewood And Waste Plastics For Improving The Selectivity Of Hydrocarbons And The Quality Of Pyrolysis Oil

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Catalytic Co-pyrolysis of Pinewood and Waste Plastics for Improving the Selectivity of Hydrocarbons and the Quality of Pyrolysis Oil

Author : Md Hafizur Rahman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Catalytic Co-pyrolysis of Pinewood and Waste Plastics for Improving the Selectivity of Hydrocarbons and the Quality of Pyrolysis Oil by : Md Hafizur Rahman

Download or read book Catalytic Co-pyrolysis of Pinewood and Waste Plastics for Improving the Selectivity of Hydrocarbons and the Quality of Pyrolysis Oil written by Md Hafizur Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Author's abstract: Biomass-based pyrolytic oil exhibits a lower calorific value and contains oxygenated compounds, which need to be minimized to upgrade the biofuel quality. In addition, approximately 50% of the world’s current bioplastics are composed of similar chemicals found in traditional plastics, which are not biodegradable. Because of the lack of a suitable environment, bioplastics and recyclable plastics breach their designated waste chain and accumulate in landfills. To prevent these plastics from littering the ocean, alternative solutions are necessary. The overall goal of this research is to study the effects of the co-pyrolysis ratio of pinewood to high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic in order to reduce the oxygenated compounds and to improve the quality of pyrolysis oil. In this research, a double-column staged reactor was fabricated whereby the pine biomass to HDPE plastic ratio was varied between 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, and 100/0 at 450°C, 500°C, and 550°C. A Zeolitic-based ZSM-5 catalyst was used with the feedstock at a ratio of 1:1, which cracked the heavy molecules into gasoline-range liquid hydrocarbons with a higher calorific value. Virgin HDPE was used for the co-pyrolytic feedstock. In addition, virgin low-density polyethylene; virgin polylactic acid; and waste plastics such as HDPE grocery bags, polyethylene terephthalate water bottles, and compostable bioplastic bags were investigated for the comparison with virgin HDPE. Virgin HDPE produced 30.54% liquid pyrolysis oil with a calorific value of 40.38 MJ/Kg and a selectivity of above 90% toward gasoline-range aromatic hydrocarbons at 500°C. Comparatively, at 500°C, pinewood offered 26.27% liquid pyrolysis oil yield with a heating value of 30.13 MJ/Kg and a gasoline selectivity of 69.30%. The addition of HDPE in the co-pyrolytic feed increased the hydrogen/carbon effective (H/Ceff) ratio and the gasoline selectivity simultaneously. The gasoline selectivity was also increased from 68.87% to 76.31% for 100% pine sawdust when the experimental temperature was increased from 450°C to 550°C with an H/Ceff of 0.029. However, for HDPE of above 50% or an H/Ceff ratio above 0.989, gasoline selectivity was above 90% at 450°C and 500°C. Mixed plastics also demonstrated a liquid yield of 17.35% and the calorific value was 42.68 MJ/Kg with a gasoline selectivity of above 90%. Moreover, pyrolysis oil from both virgin and waste HDPE has shown a significantly higher selectivity toward C9 hydrocarbons. Among C9 hydrocarbons, cumene is used in gasoline as an octane booster. The gas contains (C1–C5) range hydrocarbons and typically consists of alkanes and alkenes, which are important from the point of view of the high calorific value of gaseous fuel. Therefore, the catalytic co-pyrolysis of pine and plastics has shown significant potential for improving the bio-oil quality of gasoline-range hydrocarbon fuels, and, in particular, HDPE has increased the quantity and quality of pyrolysis oil simultaneously.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Pinewood for Improving Hydrocarbon Yield and Oil Stability Using Low-cost Metal-supported Catalysts

Author : Angelika S. Quedraogo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 93 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Catalytic Pyrolysis of Pinewood for Improving Hydrocarbon Yield and Oil Stability Using Low-cost Metal-supported Catalysts by : Angelika S. Quedraogo

Download or read book Catalytic Pyrolysis of Pinewood for Improving Hydrocarbon Yield and Oil Stability Using Low-cost Metal-supported Catalysts written by Angelika S. Quedraogo and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Author's abstract: The objectives of this research are to develop low-cost metal-supported catalysts to improve the hydrocarbon yield in the bio-oil and to reduce the undesired compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, and acids. In this study, a fixed bed reactor was constructed using a stainless steel pipe, a split furnace, and an ice bath condenser for the catalytic pyrolysis of pine sawdust. A low-cost metal-supported catalyst has been developed and characterized using SEM, EDS, and BET analysis methods. In addition, the effects of temperature and catalyst type on the yield and quality of the pyrolysis bio-oil were investigated. The experiment was carried out at 400, 500, and 600°C at 1 atmosphere in the presence of 100 mL/min nitrogen without a catalyst, over HZSM-5 or Ni/HZSM-5. Prior to the pyrolysis, the pine sawdust was sized using a 1.18 mm sieve and dried for 24 hours at 105°C in an oven. The feedstock’s ultimate and proximate analyses were completed using a CHNS-O analyzer, a thermogravimetric analyzer, and a furnace. The output products collected were bio-oil, biochar, and syngas. The bio-oil was collected by condensation and analyzed using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). The non-catalytic pyrolysis had a high yield (37.44w.%) at 500°C; however, HZSM-5 and Ni/HZSM-5 had a similar amount of bio-oil (36.601 and 35.341 wt.%, respectively) at 400°C. The presence of catalysts has improved the bio-oil viscosity by producing more than 90% of light bio-oil and approximately ≤ 10% of heavy bio-oil. The qualitative analysis is categorized into two subgroups of compounds. The first subgroup was constituted of desired compounds such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, and derived phenol compounds. The other subgroup represents the undesired compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, and acids. The hydrocarbon content in the heavy bio-oil was relatively high, while alcohols, phenols and their derivatives constituted the major compounds in light bio-oils. The presence of Ni/HZSM-5 has increased the selectivity towards the desired compounds from 49.742% to 80.179% in heavy bio-oils and 34.945% to 56.270% in light bio-oils at 400°C.

Development and Optimization of Catalytic Pyrolysis Process of Lignocellulosic Biomass Over Sulfonated Carbon-Based Catalyst

Author : Wendy Camacho Mateo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Development and Optimization of Catalytic Pyrolysis Process of Lignocellulosic Biomass Over Sulfonated Carbon-Based Catalyst by : Wendy Camacho Mateo

Download or read book Development and Optimization of Catalytic Pyrolysis Process of Lignocellulosic Biomass Over Sulfonated Carbon-Based Catalyst written by Wendy Camacho Mateo and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work aimed to develop a carbon-based solid acid catalyst derived from renewable biomass resources for the catalytic pyrolysis process. The sulfonated activated carbon (SAC) was effectively used as a catalyst to directly convert lignocellulosic biomass to produce high-value liquid products in a single-step process. The SAC was synthesized via microwave carbonization of phosphoric acid-activated corncob followed by sulfuric acid sulfonation. The activation and carbonization processes were carried out to develop micropores and mesopores on the carbon structure. The presence of micro- and mesopores was beneficial for the accommodation of the intermediate compounds of different molecular sizes from the biomass pyrolysis to react within the pore openings of the SAC. In addition, the sulfonation treatment facilitated the integration of acid sites on the catalyst surface to enhance the catalyst activity and selectivity, enabling the production of abundant target compounds. Lower sulfonation temperature can lead to higher SO3H density, which in turn increases the selectivity of bio-jet fuel range hydrocarbons from catalytic co-pyrolysis of Douglas fir (DF) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The SAC promoted the conversion of guaiacols and furans intermediates to form phenolics that led to the production of highly phenolic bio-oil from the catalytic pyrolysis of DF. Further, SAC was an effective catalyst for catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic for the selective production of bio-jet fuel range hydrocarbons (aromatics and C8-C16 alkanes) in the oil phase bio-oil and phenolic compounds (phenols and methylphenols) in the aqueous phase bio-oil. The SAC promoted the catalytic cracking of the long-chain polymers of the LDPE and possible interaction of DF-derived compounds and LDPE-derived olefins via Diels-Alder reaction, rearrangement, cracking, dehydration, and aromatization reactions to produce bio-oil with improved quality. Kinetic studies showed that SAC addition enhanced the reaction rate of DF thermal degradation but may require higher activation energy. On the other hand, SAC had a positive catalytic effect in LDPE decomposition as evidenced by the reduction in activation energy, suggesting its potential application in the catalytic pyrolysis of plastics.

Pyrolysis of Biomass

Author : Shurong Wang
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 311036963X
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Pyrolysis of Biomass by : Shurong Wang

Download or read book Pyrolysis of Biomass written by Shurong Wang and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the development of societies fossil energy is no longer the only energy resource, and increasing attention had been paid to alternative energy. Biomass is considered to be one of the alternatives due to efficiency and low cost. This book presents biomass pyrolysis behavior for three main components: Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin, and discusses the influence of mineral salts , zeolite catalysts and metal oxide on their pyrolysis.

Catalytic Microwave Pyrolysis of Biomass for Renewable Phenols and Fuels

Author : Quan Bu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781303465154
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (651 download)

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Book Synopsis Catalytic Microwave Pyrolysis of Biomass for Renewable Phenols and Fuels by : Quan Bu

Download or read book Catalytic Microwave Pyrolysis of Biomass for Renewable Phenols and Fuels written by Quan Bu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bio-oil is an unstable intermediate and needs to be upgraded before its use. This study focused on improving the selectivity of bio-oilby catalytic pyrolysis of biomass using activated carbon (AC) catalysts. Firstly, the effects of process conditions on product quality and product yield were investigated by catalytic microwave pyrolysis of biomass using AC as a catalyst. The optimized reaction condition for bio-oil and volatile was determined. Chemical composition analysis by GC/MS showed that phenols rich bio-oils were obtained. Furthermore, the effects of different carbon sources based AC catalysts on products yield and chemical composition selectivity of obtained bio-oils were investigated during microwave pyrolysis of Douglas fir pellet. The catalysts recycling test of the selected catalysts indicated that the AC catalysts can be used for 3-4 times with high concentration of phenolic compounds. The individual surface polar/acidic oxygen functional groups analysis suggested the changes of functional groups in ACs explained the reaction mechanism of this process. In addition, the potential for production of renewable phenols and fuels by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass using lignin as a model compound was explored. The main chemical compounds of the obtained bio-oils were phenols, guaiacols, hydrocarbons and esters. The thermal decomposition behaviors of lignin and kinetics study were investigated by TGA. The change of functional groups of AC catalyst indicated the bio-oil reduction was related to the reaction mechanism of this process. Finally, the effects of Fe-modified AC catalyst on bio-oil upgrading and kintic study of biomass pyrolysis were investigated. The catalytic pyrolysis of biomass using the Fe-modified AC catalyst may promote the occurrence of the fragmentation of cellulose, rather than repolymerization as in the non-catalytic pyrolysis which leads to partial of guaiacols derived from furans. Results showed that the main chemical compounds of bio-oils were furans, phenols, guaiacols, and ketones/ethers. The activation energy of Douglas fir by microwave pyrolysis was remarkable lower than by conventional pyrolysis using TGA. And the reaction mechanism of this process was analyzed.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons Production from Catalyst Assisted Microwave Pyrolysis of Douglas Fir Sawdust Pellet

Author : Lu Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781303466076
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (66 download)

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Book Synopsis Aromatic Hydrocarbons Production from Catalyst Assisted Microwave Pyrolysis of Douglas Fir Sawdust Pellet by : Lu Wang

Download or read book Aromatic Hydrocarbons Production from Catalyst Assisted Microwave Pyrolysis of Douglas Fir Sawdust Pellet written by Lu Wang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zinc modified ZSM-5 catalysts were synthesized and tested in ex-situ catalytic cracking close coupled to microwave assisted pyrolysis process. It was found that the Zn loading on ZSM-5 catalyst could lower the coke and made the process more sensitive to the (WHSV) --1, less sensitive to the cracking temperature than ZSM-5 catalyst.

Development of Microwave Pyrolysis Biochar as Carbon Catalysts for High Value Chemicals and Hydrocarbons

Author : Lei Zhu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Microwave Pyrolysis Biochar as Carbon Catalysts for High Value Chemicals and Hydrocarbons by : Lei Zhu

Download or read book Development of Microwave Pyrolysis Biochar as Carbon Catalysts for High Value Chemicals and Hydrocarbons written by Lei Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is considered as a promising thermochemical process for the production of fuels and chemicals, which are currently obtained from petrochemical infrastructure. With the development of biomass pyrolysis, increasing amount of biochar will be produced for applications. Most of the biochar exploitation mainly highlighted in the area of water treatment and soil amendment. However, the potential value of the pyrolysis biochar used as carbon based catalyst is still in its infancy. This PhD dissertation aims to investigate the technical and economic feasibility of a low cost biochar catalyst for microwave-assisted catalytic biomass pyrolysis, and to obtain upgrading bio-oil with increased hydrocarbon yields and low oxygen content. Furthermore, upgrade it into alternative transportation fuels and commodity chemicals. The results indicated that the surface functional groups of biochar were significantly influenced by the pyrolysis temperature and residence time. An adequate prediction model was developed to describe the development of carbon surface functional groups. The in situ catalytic pyrolysis of Douglas fir pellets with biochar catalysts was performed in a microwave reactor. The highest amount of hydrocarbons yield (up to 52.77% selectivity of bio-oil) was achieved from catalytic pyrolysis over biochar catalyst. A non-condensable gas enriched in H2, CO, and CO 2 was observed, and analyzed by micro-GC. The amounts of H2 and CO increased during catalytic pyrolysis compared to the non-catalytic runs. GC/MS analysis results showed that the quantity of lignin derived guaiacols decreased dramatically with the increase of the ratio of catalyst to biomass. The biochar catalyst exhibited good selectivity towards hydrocarbon and phenol compounds, simplifying the chemical composition, reducing undesirable compounds and producing pyrolysis oil at an acceptable yield. Based on these outcomes, structural characteristics, thermal behavior and reaction kinetics regarding non-catalytic pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis over biochar catalysts were also studied. In addition, the techno-economic analysis of the integrated microwave assisted catalytic pyrolysis processes from lignocellulosic biomass to renewable hydrocarbon and commodity chemicals was evaluated in the dissertation as well. Modification and characterization of biochar could be a new way to improve or extend their catalytic application in biomass conversion and bio-oil upgrading.

Catalytic Polymer Pyrolysis and Co-Pyrolysis and Characterisation of the Formed Coke

Author : Mohammed Ishaka
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Catalytic Polymer Pyrolysis and Co-Pyrolysis and Characterisation of the Formed Coke by : Mohammed Ishaka

Download or read book Catalytic Polymer Pyrolysis and Co-Pyrolysis and Characterisation of the Formed Coke written by Mohammed Ishaka and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing energy demand coupled with the restrictive environmental policies and decreasing reserves of light fossil fuels are contributing to the development of new alternative routes for a sustainable supply of refining and petrochemical products. The co-feeding of polymer and biomass into a petroleum refinery processing could decrease our dependence on petroleum feedstocks. In contrast to petroleum-derived feedstocks, biomass contains significant amounts of oxygen, and their conversion into liquid fuels requires oxygen removal. The direct feeding of biomass or biomass derived bio-oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) requires critical feasibility studies to ascertain it is workability. The use of biomass and plastic waste in a petroleum refinery is to utilise the already built and existing infrastructure for fuels and chemical production which require little capital cost investment. // Coke deposition has attracted great interest in the studies of bio-oil cracking. In catalytic cracking, a significant portion of the feedstock is converted to a carbonaceous deposit on the catalyst. It was necessary to characterise the nature of this process because of it is commercial importance. In industrial operation, carbonaceous have long been recognised as the most prevailing reason for practical zeolite catalyst deactivation leading to significant problems of great technical, economic, and environmental concerns. The coke formation reduced the number of catalytically active sites on the catalyst leading to a decrease in catalyst cavity volume and available surface area resulting in a change in the selectivity and activity of the catalyst. In a severe coking process, the reaction is interrupted with the mass transportation of reactant and product generation undesirably blocked. Coke formation in co-processing of hydrocarbons and oxygenates are generated either through oxygenate pathway or hydrocarbon pathway. // Microbalance technology based on GaPO4 crystals has shown to be effective for high-temperature operation. This result suggests that the GCM can be utilised as a highly sensitive, low-cost sensor and microscale technology to study heterogeneous catalytic process at high temperatures, as well as an in- situ device for incorporation into reactors for control and monitoring purposes. This technology would allow to measure easily and effectively the working status of catalyst and to respond instantaneously to irregularities during the chemical process such as catalyst deactivation and coking processes.

Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass

Author : Robert C Brown
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1782626182
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (826 download)

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Book Synopsis Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass by : Robert C Brown

Download or read book Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass written by Robert C Brown and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-07-07 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast pyrolysis and related catalytic pyrolysis are of increasing interest as pathways to advanced biofuels that closely mimic traditional petroleum products. Research has moved from empirical investigations to more fundamental studies of pyrolysis mechanisms. Theories on the chemical and physical pathways from plant polymers to pyrolysis products have proliferated as a result. This book brings together the latest developments in pyrolysis science and technology. It examines, reviews and challenges the unresolved and sometimes controversial questions about pyrolysis, helping advance the understanding of this important technology and stimulating discussion on the various competing theories of thermal deconstruction of plant polymers. Beginning with an introduction to the biomass-to-biofuels process via fast pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis, chapters address prominent questions such as whether free radicals or concerted reactions dominate deconstruction reactions. Finally, the book concludes with an economic analysis of fast pyrolysis versus catalytic pyrolysis. This book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers interested in the science behind renewable fuel technology, and particularly the thermochemical processing of biomass.

Production of Hydrocarbons from Biomass Using the Waterloo Fast Pyrolysis Process

Author : University of Waterloo. Department of Chemical Engineering
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Production of Hydrocarbons from Biomass Using the Waterloo Fast Pyrolysis Process by : University of Waterloo. Department of Chemical Engineering

Download or read book Production of Hydrocarbons from Biomass Using the Waterloo Fast Pyrolysis Process written by University of Waterloo. Department of Chemical Engineering and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earlier work in the laboratory had shown that it was possible to hydrogasify wood directly at atmospheric pressure in a fluidized bed of nickel catalyst at operating conditions corresponding to those that were optimal for maximum liquid yields in the Waterloo fast pyrolysis process. It was thought that it might be possible to produce higher hydrocarbons by the same method with suitably modified catalysts. This project investigated the possibility of direct single step production of light hydrocarbons (C2+) from wood or cellulose by a process called catalytic hydropyrolysis. A wide range of catalytic metals, singly or in combination, were investigated, as well as three supports. Metals investigated include iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, zirconium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, silicon, aluminum, titanium, and magnesium.

New and Future Developments in Catalysis

Author : Li Li
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128081945
Total Pages : 59 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis New and Future Developments in Catalysis by : Li Li

Download or read book New and Future Developments in Catalysis written by Li Li and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-17 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Materials with Waste Plastic to Produce Bio-Oil with High Liquid Yield and Chemicals

Author : Witchakorn Charusiri
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Materials with Waste Plastic to Produce Bio-Oil with High Liquid Yield and Chemicals by : Witchakorn Charusiri

Download or read book Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Materials with Waste Plastic to Produce Bio-Oil with High Liquid Yield and Chemicals written by Witchakorn Charusiri and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pyrolyzation of waste plastic and lignocellulosic material feedstocks increases the hydrogen/carbon ratio of the plastic-biomass mixture for feedstock pyrolysis and may be advantageous for the refinement of the properties of the pyrolyzed oil, which can be directly used as fuel without any upgrade requirements by catalytic hydrodeoxygenation reactions. In this paper, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and brown salwood were tested in a custom-built laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor to investigate the co-pyrolysis reaction at a temperature ranging from 500 to 650 °C, nitrogen sweeping flow rate ranging from 40 to 160 mL min -1 , and HDPE to biomass ratio ranging from 0.1 to 0.9. The results reveal that the temperature mostly influences the pyrolysis products, whereas increasing the temperature to 600 °C encourages pyrolysis oil production, and its yield reaches 48.13 wt.%, which decreases to 27.92 wt.% as the reaction temperature increases to 650 °C due to secondary cracking reactions producing noncondensable gas rich in hydrocarbons. Physicochemical analysis of the pyrolyzed organic phase revealed a gross calorific heating value up to approximately 38.19 MJ kg -1 . Additionally, co-pyrolysis with HDPE improved the production of furans, and acid derivatives were obtained in the aqueous fraction via the thermal conversion of hemicellulose and lignin, whereas the obtained char exhibited a notably low surface area and few superficial micropores.

Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass

Author : A. V. Bridgwater
Publisher : Cpl Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass by : A. V. Bridgwater

Download or read book Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass written by A. V. Bridgwater and published by Cpl Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited and updated version of the final report of the IEA Bioenergy Pyrolysis Task, is useful both to newcomers to the subject area and those already involved in research, development, and implementation.

Pyrolysis Oils from Biomass

Author : Ed J. Soltes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Pyrolysis Oils from Biomass by : Ed J. Soltes

Download or read book Pyrolysis Oils from Biomass written by Ed J. Soltes and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brings together specialists to present the state-of-the-science in the complete fuel cycle--from feedstock to upgraded liquid fuels suitable for replacements for petroleum-derived fuels. Offers a discussion of biomass pyrolysis and its place in the renewable fuel economy. Presents the technology of pyrolysis oil production. Describes analysis of the oils by characterization, kinetics, and chromatographic techniques. Concludes with a discussion of upgrading pyrolysis oils to liquid fuels.

Biomass Pyrolysis Liquids Upgrading and Utilization

Author : A.V. Bridgwater
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401138443
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomass Pyrolysis Liquids Upgrading and Utilization by : A.V. Bridgwater

Download or read book Biomass Pyrolysis Liquids Upgrading and Utilization written by A.V. Bridgwater and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass pyrolysis has been practised for centuries in the manufacture of charcoal for industry and leisure. Only in the last two decades, however, has attention focussed on a better understanding of the science and technology, with the resultant benefits of better designed and controlled processes that give high yields of liquid products. These liquids, or 'bio-oil' as it is referred to, can be used in a variety of ways: -combustion to replace conventional fuel oil in boilers, process equipment such as kilns and in gas turbines for power generation; -upgrading by hydrotreating or with zeolites to gasoline, diesel and other hydrocarbon fuels, of chemicals; --extraction and upgrading to fuel additives and chemical specialities. Any charcoal produced can also be utilised to form char- water slurries, analogous to coal-water slurries, or bioi-oil slurries which may be used as liquid fuels in many combustion applications. A group of experts was set up in the EC Energy from Biomass programme to evaluate the status and opportunities for deriving useful liquid products from biomass pyrolysis. This book is a report of their findings and conclusions. It forms an authoritative guide to the wide range of technologies employed in biomass pyrolysis, and product upgrading, utilisation and characterisation. Recommendations and conclusions are included to identify promising areas of research and development that will be of value to researchers, planners and companies throughout the world.

Catalytic Co-pyrolysis of Biomass and Waste Polymers Using Zeolite Catalysts for Upgrading Bio-oils

Author : Andrew Colin Dyer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)

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Book Synopsis Catalytic Co-pyrolysis of Biomass and Waste Polymers Using Zeolite Catalysts for Upgrading Bio-oils by : Andrew Colin Dyer

Download or read book Catalytic Co-pyrolysis of Biomass and Waste Polymers Using Zeolite Catalysts for Upgrading Bio-oils written by Andrew Colin Dyer and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Pyrolysis Oils

Author : Tushar P. Vispute
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (748 download)

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Book Synopsis Pyrolysis Oils by : Tushar P. Vispute

Download or read book Pyrolysis Oils written by Tushar P. Vispute and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing need to develop the processes to produce renewable fuels and chemicals due to the economical, political, and environmental concerns associated with the fossil fuels. One of the most promising methods for a small scale conversion of biomass into liquid fuels is fast pyrolysis. The liquid product obtained from the fast pyrolysis of biomass is called pyrolysis oil or bio-oil. It is a complex mixture of more than 300 compounds resulting from the depolymerization of biomass building blocks, cellulose; hemi-cellulose; and lignin. Bio-oils have low heating value, high moisture content, are acidic, contain solid char particles, are incompatible with existing petroleum based fuels, are thermally unstable, and degrade with time. They cannot be used directly in a diesel or a gasoline internal combustion engine. One of the challenges with the bio-oil is that it is unstable and can phase separate when stored for long. Its viscosity and molecular weight increases with time. It is important to identify the factors responsible for the bio-oil instability and to stabilize the bio-oil. The stability analysis of the bio-oil showed that the high molecular weight lignin oligomers in the bio-oil are mainly responsible for the instability of bio-oil. The viscosity increase in the bio-oil was due to two reasons: increase in the average molecular weight and increase in the concentration of high molecular weight oligomers. Char can be removed from the bio-oil by microfiltration using ceramic membranes with pore sizes less than 1 [mu meter]. Removal of char does not affect the bio-oil stability but is desired as char can cause difficulty in further processing of the bio-oil. Nanofiltration and low temperature hydrogenation were found to be the promising techniques to stabilize the bio-oil. Bio-oil must be catalytically converted into fuels and chemicals if it is to be used as a feedstock to make renewable fuels and chemicals. The water soluble fraction of bio-oil (WSBO) was found to contain C2 to C6 oxygenated hydrocarbons with various functionalities. In this study we showed that both hydrogen and alkanes can be produced with high yields from WSBO using aqueous phase processing. Hydrogen was produced by aqueous phase reforming over Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. Alkanes were produced by hydrodeoxygenation over Pt/SiO2-Al2O3. Both of these processes were preceded by a low temperature hydrogenation step over Ru/C catalyst. This step was critical to achieve high yields of hydrogen and alkanes. WSBO was also converted to gasoline-range alcohols and C2 to C6 diols with up to 46% carbon yield by a two-stage hydrogenation process over Ru/C catalyst (125 °C) followed by over Pt/C (250 °C) catalyst. Temperature and pressure can be used to tune the product selectivity. The hydroprocessing of bio-oil was followed by zeolite upgrading to produce C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbons and C2 to C4 olefins. Up to 70% carbon yield to aromatics and olefins was achieved from the hydrogenated aqueous fraction of bio-oil. The hydroprocessing steps prior to the zeolite upgrading increases the thermal stability of bio-oil as well as the intrinsic hydrogen content. Increasing the thermal stability of bio-oil results in reduced coke yields in zeolite upgrading, whereas, increasing the intrinsic hydrogen content results in more oxygen being removed from bio-oil as H2O than CO and CO2. This results in higher carbon yields to aromatic hydrocarbon and olefins. Integrating hydroprocessing with zeolite upgrading produces a narrow product spectrum and reduces the hydrogen requirement of the process as compared to processes solely based on hydrotreating. Increasing the yield of petrochemical products from biomass therefore requires hydrogen, thus cost of hydrogen dictates the maximum economic potential of the process.