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Catalyst Regeneration Process Including Metal Contaminants Removal
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Book Synopsis Catalyst Regeneration Process Including Metal Contaminants Removal by :
Download or read book Catalyst Regeneration Process Including Metal Contaminants Removal written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spent catalysts removed from a catalytic hydrogenation process for hydrocarbon feedstocks, and containing undesired metals contaminants deposits, are regenerated. Following solvent washing to remove process oils, the catalyst is treated either with chemicals which form sulfate or oxysulfate compounds with the metals contaminants, or with acids which remove the metal contaminants, such as 5-50 W % sulfuric acid in aqueous solution and 0-10 W % ammonium ion solutions to substantially remove the metals deposits. The acid treating occurs within the temperature range of 60.degree.-250.degree. F. for 5-120 minutes at substantially atmospheric pressure. Carbon deposits are removed from the treated catalyst by carbon burnoff at 800.degree.-900.degree. F. temperature, using 1-6 V % oxygen in an inert gas mixture, after which the regenerated catalyst can be effectively reused in the catalytic process.
Book Synopsis Regeneration of Spent Catalyst and Impregnation of Catalyst by Supercritical Fluid by : Farid M. Gumerov
Download or read book Regeneration of Spent Catalyst and Impregnation of Catalyst by Supercritical Fluid written by Farid M. Gumerov and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2016 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A catalyst is a material of constant composition, which accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction by providing a suitable reaction pathway with the lowest activation energy. As the activation energy is lower, more reaction products are formed in the same period of time. Most catalytic reactions encountered in hydrocarbon processing are carried out with porous catalysts to provide a sufficient surface area for the metal dispersion and the ensuing reaction. These catalysts gradually lose their catalytic activity, usually through structural changes, poisoning, or the deposit of extraneous material. A catalyst which can no longer exhibit the necessary activity and/or is specificity required by the user is referred to as a "spent catalyst". Catalysts are critical to the chemical industry and are now used in most industrial chemical processes. Along with the rapid development and wide application of catalysis technology, the amounts of different spent catalysts are increased from year to year. The physical properties of spent catalysts, as well as their composition, are generally different from those of fresh catalysts. For example, spent hydrotreating catalysts contain metal sulfides and coke, and may have additional contaminants that were not present in the fresh catalyst. Catalyst regeneration involves the processing of spent catalysts in order to make them reusable. This is done by restoring the initial properties of spent catalysts and thus restoring their efficiency through a process called regeneration of catalysts. Traditional methods of vapor-air regeneration are energy-consuming and severely limit the number of regeneration cycles. Using supercritical fluid CO2-extraction process, according to some estimates, provides a two-fold energy savings and an increasing number of regeneration cycles possible. This book gathers a series of studies describing new methods for the regeneration of heterogeneous catalysts for important industrial chemical processes. In this book we propose new extraction techniques using supercritical fluid extraction (SFC), which seems to be one of the most promising as a green reaction medium. The feasibility of using supercritical fluid ?2 extraction process was investigated in particular for spent catalyst regeneration. The low regeneration temperature of supercritical carbon dioxide eliminates the risk of thermal deterioration of the catalyst (namely the collapse of the pores), prevents the reduction of the surface area and the sintering, and allows regeneration of catalysts with an activity close to that of fresh catalysts. The results of the implementation of the supercritical fluid ?2 extraction process with respect to samples of industrial deactivated catalysts are provided. A comparison of the characteristics of the regenerated catalyst samples by traditional approaches and the SC-CO2 extraction process is carried out. The possibility of using a supercritical fluid CO2 impregnation technique in the synthesis of a palladium catalyst is also studied.
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office by : United States. Patent and Trademark Office
Download or read book Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office written by United States. Patent and Trademark Office and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Air Pollution Engineering Manual by : Los Angeles County (Calif.). Air Pollution Control District
Download or read book Air Pollution Engineering Manual written by Los Angeles County (Calif.). Air Pollution Control District and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 987 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Deactivation and Poisoning of Catalysts by : J. Oudar
Download or read book Deactivation and Poisoning of Catalysts written by J. Oudar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1985-07-02 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deactivation and Poisoning of Catalysts presents the most current research in the area of heterogeneous catalysis. It focuses on the chemically induced effects associated with bonded surface species that cause catalyst activity decline -- and in some cases a change in catalyst specificity. In addition, this volume examines poisoning of dispersed metal catalysts ... the thermodynamics of sulfur-metal and carbon-metal interactions ... model poisoning reactions on single crystals ... deactivation in petroleum refining and petrochemical processes ... coking of metal catalysts ... and more. The new approaches and solutions to catalyst deactivation and poisoning presented in this guide are invaluable to all heterogeneous catalysis specialists, including chemical and petroleum engineers, and surface, synthetic, physical, and industrial chemists. Book jacket.
Book Synopsis Catalysts Deactivation, Poisoning and Regeneration by : Luciana Lisi
Download or read book Catalysts Deactivation, Poisoning and Regeneration written by Luciana Lisi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalyst lifetime represents one of the most crucial economic aspects in industrial catalytic processes, due to costly shutdowns, catalyst replacements, and proper disposal of spent materials. Not surprisingly, there is considerable motivation to understand and treat catalyst deactivation, poisoning, and regeneration, which causes this research topic to continue to grow. The complexity of catalyst poisoning obviously increases along with the increasing use of biomass/waste-derived/residual feedstocks and with requirements for cleaner and novel sustainable processes. This book collects 15 research papers providing insights into several scientific and technical aspects of catalyst poisoning and deactivation, proposing more tolerant catalyst formulations, and exploring possible regeneration strategies.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Spent Hydroprocessing Catalysts by : Meena Marafi
Download or read book Handbook of Spent Hydroprocessing Catalysts written by Meena Marafi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-01-18 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Spent Hydroprocessing Catalysts, Second Edition, covers all aspects of spent hydroprocessing catalysts, both regenerable and non-regenerable. It contains detailed information on hazardous characteristics of spent and regenerated catalysts. The information forms a basis for determining processing options to make decisions on whether spent catalysts can be either reused on refinery site after regeneration or used as the source of new materials. For non-regenerable spent catalysts, attention is paid to safety and ecological implications of utilizing landfill and other waste handling and storage options to ensure environmental acceptance. As such, this handbook can be used as a benchmark document to develop threshold limits of regulated species. Includes experimental results and testing protocols which serve as a basis for the development of methodologies for the characterization of solid wastes Presents a database which assists researchers in selecting/designing research projects on spent catalysts, i.e., regeneration vs. rejuvenation and metal reclamation Provides the environmental laws, acts, and liabilities to raise awareness in safety and health issues in all aspects of spent catalysts Contains solid waste management procedures specific to hydroprocessing that serve as a model for designing research projects in other solid waste areas
Book Synopsis Handbook of Spent Hydroprocessing Catalysts by : Meena Marafi
Download or read book Handbook of Spent Hydroprocessing Catalysts written by Meena Marafi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-06-07 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook serves scientists and researchers interested in any aspect of spent hydroprocessing catalysts. Its aim is to assist in the analysis and assessment of refined catalyst byproducts and processing options, to determine whether spent catalysts can be processed into productive resources. For non-regenerable spent catalysts, the book takes into consideration both safety and ecological implications of utilizing landfill and other waste options. Provides comprehensive guidance and assistance to those making decisions on the fate of spent catalysts, radically improving strategic options for refining organisations Offers solutions that maximize procedural, regulatory, safety, and preparedness benefits Contains detailed information on hazardous characteristics of spent and regenerated catalysts with deployment recommendations, and acts as a benchmark document for establishing threshold limits of regulated species as well as for developing procedures for handling spent catalysts to ensure environmental acceptance
Book Synopsis Chemical Engineering Design by : Gavin Towler
Download or read book Chemical Engineering Design written by Gavin Towler and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2021-07-14 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Engineering Design: Principles, Practice and Economics of Plant and Process Design is one of the best-known and most widely adopted texts available for students of chemical engineering. The text deals with the application of chemical engineering principles to the design of chemical processes and equipment. The third edition retains its hallmark features of scope, clarity and practical emphasis, while providing the latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards, as well as coverage of the latest aspects of process design, operations, safety, loss prevention, equipment selection, and more. The text is designed for chemical and biochemical engineering students (senior undergraduate year, plus appropriate for capstone design courses where taken), and professionals in industry (chemical process, biochemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical sectors). Provides students with a text of unmatched relevance for chemical process and plant design courses and for the final year capstone design course Written by practicing design engineers with extensive undergraduate teaching experience Contains more than 100 typical industrial design projects drawn from a diverse range of process industries NEW TO THIS EDITION Includes new content covering food, pharmaceutical and biological processes and commonly used unit operations Provides updates on plant and equipment costs, regulations and technical standards Includes limited online access for students to Cost Engineering’s Cleopatra Enterprise cost estimating software
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Production Processes in Refining Technology by : James G. Speight
Download or read book Hydrogen Production Processes in Refining Technology written by James G. Speight and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-06-26 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details the various approaches to the production of hydrogen in petroleum refining. The need for hydrogen is addressed, and then the differences between the processes are detailed. This practical and accessible guide is written for managers, professionals, and technicians as well as graduate students transitioning into the refining industry. Key Features: Describes hydrogen purification methods and processes, providing relevant process data and fully describing process operations Describes hydrogen purification methods and processes, detailing the types of feedstock that can be used and exploring the options and parameters of each process Details commercial processes, including gasification pretreatment and reactions and considers next-generation processes and developments
Book Synopsis Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office by : United States. Patent Office
Download or read book Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office written by United States. Patent Office and published by . This book was released on 1973-04 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Pollution Prevention Practices by : Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff
Download or read book Handbook of Pollution Prevention Practices written by Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-02-09 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides approaches and methodologies for implementing pollution prevention (P2) and waste minimization programmes to reduce manufacturing operational costs significantly. It focuses on reducing manufacturing and environmental compliance costs by instituting feedstock substitution, improved operational schemes, recycling and by-product re
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Renewable Energy by : James G. Speight
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Renewable Energy written by James G. Speight and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page 1266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RENEWABLE ENERGY Written by a highly respected engineer and prolific author in the energy sector, this is the single most comprehensive, thorough, and up-to-date reference work on renewable energy. The world’s energy industry is and has always been volatile, sometimes controversial, with wild swings upward and downward. This has, historically, been mostly because most of our energy has come from fossil fuels, which is a finite source of energy. Every so often, a technology comes along, like hydrofracturing, that is a game-changer. But is it, really? Aren’t we just delaying the inevitable with these temporary price fixes The only REAL game-changer is renewable energy. For decades, renewable energy sources have been sought, developed, and studied. Sometimes wind is at the forefront, sometimes solar, and, for the last decade or so, there has been a surge in interest for biofeedstocks and biofuels. There are also the “old standbys” of nuclear and geothermal energy, which have both been around for a very long time. This groundbreaking new volume presents these topics and trends in an encyclopedic format, as a go-to reference for the engineer, scientist, student, or even layperson who works in the industry or is simply interested in the topic. Compiled by one of the world’s best-known and respected energy engineers, this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date encyclopedia of renewable energy ever written, a must-have for any library. Encyclopedia of Renewable Energy: Is written in an encyclopedic style, covering every aspect of renewable energy, including wind, solar, and many other topics Offers a comprehensive coverage of the industry, from the chemical processes of biofeedstocks and biofuels to the machinery and equipment used in the production of fuel and power generation Is filled with workable examples and designs that are helpful for practical applications Covers the state of the art, an invaluable resource for any engineer Audience Engineers across a variety of industries, including wind, solar, process engineering, waste utilization for fuels, and many others, such as process engineers, chemical engineers, electrical engineers, petroleum engineers, civil engineers, and the technicians and other scientists who work in this field
Book Synopsis Advances in Catalyst Deactivation by : Calvin H. Bartholomew
Download or read book Advances in Catalyst Deactivation written by Calvin H. Bartholomew and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-10-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Advances in Catalyst Deactivation" that was published in Catalysts
Book Synopsis The Refinery of the Future by : James G. Speight
Download or read book The Refinery of the Future written by James G. Speight and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2020-07-25 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Refinery of the Future, Second Edition, delivers useful knowledge that will help the engineer understand the processes involved, feedstocks, composition and future technologies. Covering the basic chemistry, commercial processes already in use and future innovation, this reference gives engineers and managers the tools needed to understand refining products, feedstocks, and the processes critical to convert feedstocks to desired outcomes. New information concerning tight shale formations and heavy oil process options is included for today’s operations. Rounding out with future uses in shale, bioliquids and refinery configurations, this book gives engineers and refinery managers the knowledge to update and upgrade their refinery assets. Links basic petrochemical and refinery knowledge into application for today’s oil and gas refining industry Gives insights into the development and applications of refining process technology, along with the types of feedstock and their properties Updated with a focus on crude oils recovered from tight shale and sandstone formations, along with increased emphasis on heavy oil and tar sand bitumen
Book Synopsis Catalysts in Petroleum Refining 1989 by : D.L. Trimm
Download or read book Catalysts in Petroleum Refining 1989 written by D.L. Trimm and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1990-01-22 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings reflect the important role of catalysis in petroleum refining and the effects of factors such as environmental legislation on the industry. They also show the emergence of significant scientific expertise in the Middle East - the cradle of the oil industry. Participants from all over the world took part in the meeting and the book contains a well-balanced selection of articles from both academia and industry. Current trends in the oil industry focused attention mainly on heavy end hydrotreating, but other processes also gained their share of attention. An invaluable feature of the meeting was the two panel discussions where participants took the opportunity to obtain advance on many real and immediate problems.
