Cardiorenal Syndrome in Heart Failure

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030210332
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiorenal Syndrome in Heart Failure by : W. H. Wilson Tang

Download or read book Cardiorenal Syndrome in Heart Failure written by W. H. Wilson Tang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-26 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive manual reviews the management of cardiorenal syndrome in heart failure. Chapters are structured in a practically applicable and easy-to-follow format with realistic case vignettes and key clinical management questions and answers, followed by a brief discussion of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of a patient with cardiorenal syndrome. Building from this case, key questions are posed that are relevant to the clinical management and then potential evidence-based treatment strategies are proposed. Topics covered include loop diuretic resistance in acute and chronic heart failure, abdominal congestion, low output failure and potential diuretic complications due to hyponatremia. Cardiorenal Syndrome in Heart Failure thoroughly reviews cardiorenal syndrome from the perspective of both the cardiologist and nephrologist. Its case-based approach makes it an ideal resource for both practising and trainee cardiology and nephrology practitioners.

ADQI Consensus on AKI Biomarkers and Cardiorenal Syndromes

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Author :
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3318024074
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis ADQI Consensus on AKI Biomarkers and Cardiorenal Syndromes by : J.A. Kellum

Download or read book ADQI Consensus on AKI Biomarkers and Cardiorenal Syndromes written by J.A. Kellum and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2013-05-14 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Associated with both acute kidney injury (AKI) and cardio-renal syndromes (CRS), new biomarkers represent both a popular area of investigation and a new opportunity for advancement of therapy. This book contains the resolutions of the most recent ADQI conferences on biomarkers in AKI (Dublin) and on cardio-renal syndromes (Venice). The first part answers specific questions about new biomarkers and their use and utility in AKI: What are the most suitable candidate molecules and physiologic measures, how solid and evidence based is the discovery phase? How can we incorporate the new biomarkers in the AKI conceptual model describing the evolution from susceptibility to insult, decreased GFR and organ death? Even if we have a positive biomarker pattern and we can identify patients at risk or patients with early or even subclinical AKI, how is this information affecting our clinical behavior and practice? The second part is dedicated to the appraisal of the current knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in different forms of CRS: it contains contributions on the state-of-the-art knowledge and practice of CRS, particularly focusing on the pathophysiology of the five subtypes. Acute and chronic mechanisms of damage are explored in depth, with particular attention to the primacy of organ involvement and the subsequent pathways of organ crosstalk.Presenting the most recent research in the field of biomarkers, AKI and CRS, this publication is an important educational tool for advanced investigators and clinical experts, but also for students and fellows.

Textbook of Cardiorenal Medicine

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030574601
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Textbook of Cardiorenal Medicine by : Peter A. McCullough

Download or read book Textbook of Cardiorenal Medicine written by Peter A. McCullough and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a practical and board-driven resource to describe and define the emerging field of cardiorenal medicine. Covering all aspects of the topic with depth and relevance, this groundbreaking reference brings together experts at the nexus between cardiovascular and renal medicine to provide an exception reference to educate in this critical area of modern medicine. It describes how the heart and kidneys are inextricably linked via hemodynamic, neural, hormonal and cellular signaling systems and, concentrating on disease-based coverage, goes on to review emerging concepts in epidemiology, pathogenesis, screening, diagnosis and the management of cardiorenal syndromes, all extensively illustrated and containing features to support scholarship in the field. Textbook of Cardiorenal Medicine provides consistent chapter organization, clear design and engaging text to define the diagnosis, treatment, intervention and surgical aspects of the full range of conditions encountered within this area of medicine. It is therefore an essential resource to all involved in the management of cardiorenal disease.

Cardiorenal Syndrome

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 8847014638
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiorenal Syndrome by : Adel E. Berbari

Download or read book Cardiorenal Syndrome written by Adel E. Berbari and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-04 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic kidney disease with a worldwide prevalence of 10% in the general population is emerging as a major public health priority. Renal dysfunction is associated with a high risk for cardiovascular complications. The relationship between renal insufficiency and cardiovascular disease, termed the cardiorenal syndrome exists whether impairment of renal function is a consequence of primary renal parenchymal disease or primary heart disease. Several pathophysiologic mechanisms have been postulated to explain the relationship between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies indicate an integrated response of the vascular smooth muscles and glomerular mesangial cells to traditional and uremia related cardiovascular risk factors. Traditional risk factors can incite renal impairment and cardiac damage. As renal function deteriorates, uremia-related risk factors play an increasing role both in reduction in glomerular filtration rate and cardiovascular damage. Several uremia related factors such as uncontrolled hypertension, disturbed glucose insulin metabolism, microalbuminuria, phosphate retention, secondary hyperparathyroidism, myocardial and vascular calcification, hypertensive-uremic cardiomyopathy, inflammation, oxidant injury, and neurohormonal dysregulation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the cardiorenal syndrome. Recent data suggest that management of the cardiorenal syndrome requires aggressive control of traditional risk factors as well novel approaches to prevent or reverse uremia –related processes. This book provides a comprehensive update analysis of our current understanding of the cardiorenal syndrome including epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches.

The Cardiorenal Syndrome : A Clinician's Guide to Pathophysiology and Management

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Author :
Publisher : Cardiotext Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1935395548
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (353 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cardiorenal Syndrome : A Clinician's Guide to Pathophysiology and Management by : J. Thomas Heywood

Download or read book The Cardiorenal Syndrome : A Clinician's Guide to Pathophysiology and Management written by J. Thomas Heywood and published by Cardiotext Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiorenal syndrome - the presence of significant renal insufficiency and heart failure simultaneously - constitutes one of the most vexing and difficult challenges facing clinicians and researchers today. Given the fundamental role of the kidneys in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance within the body, it comes as no surprise that renal abnormalities are inextricably linked with congestive heart failure. What is surprising is that recent data have indicated that renal dysfunction is a more critical determinant of mortality than heart failure itself. In The Cardiorenal Syndrome: A Clinician's Guide to Pathophysiology and Management, experts from around the world clearly outline the current issues associated with this increasingly prevalent condition, provide invaluable insight into its pathophysiology, and highlight the risks, benefits, and rationales for both practical and promising prevention and treatment strategies, including: DiureticsRole of ACE inhibitors/ angiotensin receptor blockers in renal dysfunctionNew "designer" peptides for heart failureInotropes and neurohormonal blockadeDialysis and ultrafiltrationRenal cell therapyLeft ventricular assist device implantationRenal and/or heart transplantation While recognition of the role of renal dysfunction in the progression of heart failure is a pivotal advance, many questions about the scope and impact of this condition remain. This book serves as a touchstone for cardiovascular specialists and internists as they encounter the diverse varieties of cardiorenal syndrome and attempt to navigate the radically different and evolving therapeutic options in their quest to provide optimal individualized care for their patients.

Cardio-Nephrology

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319560425
Total Pages : 443 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardio-Nephrology by : Janani Rangaswami

Download or read book Cardio-Nephrology written by Janani Rangaswami and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-31 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extending from the outpatient management of cardiovascular and kidney disease, to hospital-based decision making in patients with cardio-renal disease and complex interfaces such as hemodialysis in patients with ventricular assist device support, this book serves as a single reference point for cardiology and nephrology clinicians and researchers dealing with the significant overlap areas between these two specialties. Chapters cover the physiology, biomarkers, therapeutic agents and full spectrum of these comorbidities and feature separate sections on cardiovascular and CKD evaluations, stratification of kidney transplant patients, lipid management in CKD, interventional strategies and hypertension. Leaders in cardiology, nephrology, hypertension and lipidology bring together the latest evidence with their collective clinical experience into this invaluable resource.This textbook is an essential resource for physicians and allied professionals practicing cardiology, nephrology, students and physician trainees, to deepen their understanding of this crucial field.

Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493919822
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

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Book Synopsis Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension by : Matthew R. Weir

Download or read book Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension written by Matthew R. Weir and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-17 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The treatment of hypertension has become the most important intervention in the management of all forms of chronic kidney disease. Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension is a current, concise, and practical guide to the identification, treatment and management of hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease. In depth chapters discuss many relevant clinical questions and the future of treatment through medications and or novel new devices. Written by expert authors, Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension provides an up-to-date perspective on management and treatment and how it may re-shape practice approaches tomorrow.

The Cardiorenal Syndrome

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781935395539
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (955 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cardiorenal Syndrome by : Burnett John C Heywood J Thomas

Download or read book The Cardiorenal Syndrome written by Burnett John C Heywood J Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book stands as a landmark in the study of the cardiorenal syndrome. It will no doubt be extremely useful to the cardiovascular specialist and internist caring for the growing number of these patients. And it will be just as useful to the scientists and the trainees interested in this condition." -- From the Foreword by Inder Anand, MD Cardiorenal syndrome -- the presence of significant renal insufficiency and heart failure simultaneously -- constitutes one of the most vexing and difficult challenges facing clinicians and researchers today. Given the fundamental role of the kidneys in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance within the body, it comes as no surprise that renal abnormalities are inextricably linked with congestive heart failure. What is surprising is that recent data have indicated that renal dysfunction is a more critical determinant of mortality than heart failure itself. In The Cardiorenal Syndrome: A Clinician's Guide to Pathophysiology and Management, experts from around the world clearly outline the current issues associated with this increasingly prevalent condition, provide invaluable insight into its pathophysiology, and highlight the risks, benefits, and rationales for both practical and promising prevention and treatment strategies, including: * Diuretics * Role of ACE inhibitors/ angiotensin receptor blockers in renal dysfunction * New "designer" peptides for heart failure * Inotropes and neurohormonal blockade * Dialysis and ultrafiltration * Renal cell therapy * Left ventricular assist device implantation * Renal and/or heart transplantation While recognition of the role of renal dysfunction in the progression of heart failure is a pivotal advance, many questions about the scope and impact of this condition remain. This book serves as a touchstone for cardiovascular specialists and internists as they encounter the diverse varieties of cardiorenal syndrome and attempt to navigate the radically differen

Controversies in Acute Kidney Injury

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Author :
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3805598106
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Controversies in Acute Kidney Injury by : John A. Kellum

Download or read book Controversies in Acute Kidney Injury written by John A. Kellum and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely update Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious and as yet incompletely understood disorder in which sudden impairment of kidney function occurs secondary to one or more of a variety of underlying conditions. This disorder is very common in (elderly) ICU patients and is associated with very high mortality. Many of those who survive suffer from permanent kidney failure and other long-term morbidities, which may include cardiovascular disease and immune dysfunction. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that AKI is not a single disease, but a syndrome comprised of multiple, often coexisting, etiologies. Being usually part of multiorgan failure syndrome, it calls for multiple organ support therapy. The publication at hand contains sections on prerenal azotemia syndromes, dying of' or with' AKI, pathophysiology of sepsis- induced acute kidney injury, developments in prevention / treatment / rehabilitation, and renal support. Reporting the latest recommendations from experts, it provides valuable information for those that are interested in understanding the disorder and its treatment options.

Fluid Overload

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Author :
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3805594178
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Fluid Overload by : C. Ronco

Download or read book Fluid Overload written by C. Ronco and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2010-05-05 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluid overload is often observed in patients with heart failure and secondary oliguric states. A thorough assessment of the fluid status of the patient may help guide the therapy and prevent complications induced by inappropriate therapeutic strategies.The present publication is divided into four parts: Definition and Classification, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Therapy. In the first section, the authors present new definitions for heart failure, acute kidney injury and cardiorenal syndromes to facilitate the process of understanding the complex link between the heart and the kidney. Subsequently, different conditions leading to fluid overload are described, followed by an account of emerging diagnostic tools, therapies and technologies devoted to the treatment of patients with severe fluid-related disorders. Clearly structured and written, the present book is a practical tool for physicians and professionals involved in the management and care of patients with combined heart and kidney disorders. Moreover, it also serves as a reference textbook for medical students, residents and fellows dealing in everyday practice with fluid overloaded and oliguric patients.

Cardiorenal Syndromes in Critical Care

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Author :
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3805594739
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiorenal Syndromes in Critical Care by : C. Ronco

Download or read book Cardiorenal Syndromes in Critical Care written by C. Ronco and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2010-05-04 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical care nephrology is an emerging multidisciplinary science in which the competences of different specialists are merged to provide a unified diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the critically ill patient. The volume at hand places great emphasis on cardiorenal syndromes and the multidisciplinary collaboration between cardiology and nephrology. Several contributions describe the cardiorenal syndrome in its different varieties and subtypes and report the results from the most recent Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative Consensus Conference, as well as proposing new diagnostic approaches based on early biomarkers of AKI. Other papers discuss advances in technology for renal replacement therapy and multiple organ support therapy. Moreover, special emphasis is placed on the potential role of extracorporeal therapies in patients affected by H1N1 influenza, and a summary of the most recent trials in the field is included.Containing the proceedings of the 2010 International Vicenza Course on Critical Care Nephrology, this publication is a state-of-the-art appraisal of today’s technology and current issues related to cardiorenal syndromes.

Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642004179
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine by : Jean-Louis Vincent

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine written by Jean-Louis Vincent and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-03-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this comprehensive encyclopedia is to provide detailed information on intensive care medicine contributing to the broad field of emergency medicine. The wide range of entries in the Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine are written by leading experts in the field. They will provide basic and clinical scientists in academia, practice, as well as industry with valuable information about the field of intensive care medicine, but also people in related fields, students and teachers will benefit from the important and relevant information on the most recent developments in emergency medicine. The Encyclopedia will contain 4 volumes, and published simultaneously online. The entire field has been divided into 14 sections. All entries will be arranged in alphabetical order with extensive cross-referencing between them.

Cardio-Renal Clinical Challenges

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331909162X
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardio-Renal Clinical Challenges by : David Goldsmith

Download or read book Cardio-Renal Clinical Challenges written by David Goldsmith and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-12 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​​​​​​​​In modern medicine, the aging population is prone to many simultaneous cardiovascular (CV) risk factors which often produce co-incident pathology. Nowhere is this more obvious than in the interaction between Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Diabetes and diverse CV diseases (CVD). This is a complex and challenging area, as the presence of CKD/diabetes promotes CVD while also complicating its treatment. The emergence of CKD as a public health priority is one of the most challenging problems of modern medicine. It is now solidly established that renal dysfunction portends a high risk for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular diseases remains the main cause of death in western societies and the amplification of the death risk conveyed by coexisting CKD, even though still poorly understood, appears considerable. The bidirectional link that associates renal and cardiovascular diseases, the high risk of the death signalled by their coexistence and the considerable epidemiological burden imposed by this link is at the basis of the emergence of a new discipline aiming at making the borders between nephrology and cardiovascular medicine even more permeable than before. The term Cardio-Renal Syndrome was coined around 5 years ago to try to formalize this link, and act as a stimulus to interaction between clinical teams, researchers and others to achieve better management and outcomes for all. This book takes clinical presentations and clinical problems as its base, and then discuss the evidence for best management of common clinical problems as well as the reasons for the complex interplay between the cardiac and renal systems. Moreover, it addresses the issue of organizing healthcare to maximize the opportunities for prevention and best healthcare economic returns, building on cutting edge initiatives at the Karolinska, Stockholm. The book will be of immediate value and interest to all cardiologists and renal physicians.

ECAB Cardiorenal Syndrome - E-Book

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 8131239470
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis ECAB Cardiorenal Syndrome - E-Book by : Vijay Kher

Download or read book ECAB Cardiorenal Syndrome - E-Book written by Vijay Kher and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2014-12-11 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ECAB Cardiorenal Syndrome - E-Book

Cardiorenal Syndrome

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9788847014626
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (146 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiorenal Syndrome by : Adel E. Berbari

Download or read book Cardiorenal Syndrome written by Adel E. Berbari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-07-06 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic kidney disease with a worldwide prevalence of 10% in the general population is emerging as a major public health priority. Renal dysfunction is associated with a high risk for cardiovascular complications. The relationship between renal insufficiency and cardiovascular disease, termed the cardiorenal syndrome exists whether impairment of renal function is a consequence of primary renal parenchymal disease or primary heart disease. Several pathophysiologic mechanisms have been postulated to explain the relationship between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies indicate an integrated response of the vascular smooth muscles and glomerular mesangial cells to traditional and uremia related cardiovascular risk factors. Traditional risk factors can incite renal impairment and cardiac damage. As renal function deteriorates, uremia-related risk factors play an increasing role both in reduction in glomerular filtration rate and cardiovascular damage. Several uremia related factors such as uncontrolled hypertension, disturbed glucose insulin metabolism, microalbuminuria, phosphate retention, secondary hyperparathyroidism, myocardial and vascular calcification, hypertensive-uremic cardiomyopathy, inflammation, oxidant injury, and neurohormonal dysregulation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the cardiorenal syndrome. Recent data suggest that management of the cardiorenal syndrome requires aggressive control of traditional risk factors as well novel approaches to prevent or reverse uremia –related processes. This book provides a comprehensive update analysis of our current understanding of the cardiorenal syndrome including epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches.

Cardiac Intensive Care - E-Book

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323553494
Total Pages : 736 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (235 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiac Intensive Care - E-Book by : David L. Brown

Download or read book Cardiac Intensive Care - E-Book written by David L. Brown and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-07-19 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a multidisciplinary, team-oriented approach, this unique title expertly covers all the latest approaches to the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with critical cardiac illness. Led by Dr David L. Brown, a stellar team of authoritative writers guides you through cardiac pathophysiology, disease states presenting in the CICU, and state-of-the-art advanced diagnosis and therapeutic techniques. A visually appealing format, new chapters, and thorough updates ensure that you stay on the cutting edge of this rapidly advancing field. Discusses recent changes in cardiac intensive care, including new care paradigms, new mechanical support modalities, and new therapies and interventions. Contains 11 new chapters: Palliative Care, Temporary Pacemaker Insertion, Pericardiocentesis, Distributive Shock, Electrical Storm, Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation after Cardiac Arrest, Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices, Cardiorenal Syndrome, Fulminant Myocarditis, Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy, Diagnosis and Treatment of Unstable Supraventricular Tachycardia. Concisely yet thoroughly covers acute and severe heart failure, chronic pulmonary hypertension, life-threatening dysrhythmias, aortic dissection, and other cardiac conditions as they relate to intensive care. Explains drug therapy for key cardiac drugs, such as inotropes, vasodilators, anti-arrhythmics, diuretics, anticoagulants, and anti-platelets, and discusses important drug interactions. Ideal for all healthcare professionals involved in cardiac intensive care, including intensivists, cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, residents, fellows, cardiac nurses, respiratory therapists, physical therapists, and nutritionists.

ADQI Consensus on AKI Biomarkers and Cardiorenal Syndromes

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Author :
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3318024066
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis ADQI Consensus on AKI Biomarkers and Cardiorenal Syndromes by : J.A. Kellum

Download or read book ADQI Consensus on AKI Biomarkers and Cardiorenal Syndromes written by J.A. Kellum and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2013-05-14 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Associated with both acute kidney injury (AKI) and cardio-renal syndromes (CRS), new biomarkers represent both a popular area of investigation and a new opportunity for advancement of therapy. This book contains the resolutions of the most recent ADQI conferences on biomarkers in AKI (Dublin) and on cardio-renal syndromes (Venice). The first part answers specific questions about new biomarkers and their use and utility in AKI: What are the most suitable candidate molecules and physiologic measures, how solid and evidence based is the discovery phase? How can we incorporate the new biomarkers in the AKI conceptual model describing the evolution from susceptibility to insult, decreased GFR and organ death? Even if we have a positive biomarker pattern and we can identify patients at risk or patients with early or even subclinical AKI, how is this information affecting our clinical behavior and practice? The second part is dedicated to the appraisal of the current knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in different forms of CRS: it contains contributions on the state-of-the-art knowledge and practice of CRS, particularly focusing on the pathophysiology of the five subtypes. Acute and chronic mechanisms of damage are explored in depth, with particular attention to the primacy of organ involvement and the subsequent pathways of organ crosstalk.Presenting the most recent research in the field of biomarkers, AKI and CRS, this publication is an important educational tool for advanced investigators and clinical experts, but also for students and fellows.