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Canada Wheat Discrimination Non Commercial Considerations And State Trading Enterprises
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Book Synopsis Canada-wheat: Discrimination, Non-commercial Considerations, and State Trading Enterprises by : Bernard Hoekman
Download or read book Canada-wheat: Discrimination, Non-commercial Considerations, and State Trading Enterprises written by Bernard Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statutory marketing boards that have exclusive authority to purchase domestic production, sell for export, and set purchase and sales prices of commodities are a type of state trading enterprise that is subject to World Trade Organization disciplines. This paper assesses a recent dispute brought by the United States against Canada, alleging that WTO rules require state trading enterprises to operate solely in accordance with commercial considerations and that the Canadian government did not require the Canadian Wheat Board to do so. The panel and Appellate Body found that the primary discipline of the WTO regarding state trading enterprises was nondiscrimination, and that operating on the basis of commercial considerations was not an independent obligation. Instead, WTO disciplines regarding the pricing behavior of state trading enterprises use a commercial considerations test as a possible indicator of discrimination. Although a significant degree of price discrimination is observed in the case of Canadian wheat exports, there are economic arguments why this might also be pursued by a private, profit maximizing firm.
Book Synopsis Non-discrimination in the World Trade Organization by : William J. Davey
Download or read book Non-discrimination in the World Trade Organization written by William J. Davey and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2012-07-04 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International trade is conducted mainly under the rules of the World Trade Organization. Its non-discrimination rules are of fundamental importance. In essence, they require WTO members not to discriminate amongst products of other WTO members in trade matters (the mostfavoured- nation rule) and, subject to permitted market-access limitations, not to discriminate against products of other WTO members in favour of domestic products (the national treatment rule). The interpretation of these rules is quite difficult. Their reach is potentially so broad that it has been felt that they should be limited by a number of exceptions, some of which also present interpretative difficulties. Indeed, one of the principal conundrums faced by WTO dispute settlement is how to strike the appropriate balance between the rules and exceptions. Davey explores the background and justification for the non-discrimination rules and examines how the rules and the exceptions have been interpreted in WTO dispute settlement. He gives considerable attention to whether the exceptions give sufficient discretion to WTO members to pursue their legitimate non-trade policy goals.
Book Synopsis The WTO Case Law of 2004-5 by : Henrik Horn
Download or read book The WTO Case Law of 2004-5 written by Henrik Horn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-06-19 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fourth report of the American Law Institute project on World Trade Organization Case Law covering 2004 and 2005.
Book Synopsis The Elgar Companion to the World Trade Organization by : Julien Chaisse
Download or read book The Elgar Companion to the World Trade Organization written by Julien Chaisse and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-12-11 with total page 951 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive Companion provides an extensive guide to understanding the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its impact on the global economy. Addressing the challenges facing the WTO amidst a rapidly evolving landscape, the book delves into the diverse trade policies of countries and regions, providing rare insights into their impact on the global trade governance frameworks.
Book Synopsis Trade Law, Domestic Regulation And Development by : Joel P Trachtman
Download or read book Trade Law, Domestic Regulation And Development written by Joel P Trachtman and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-04-08 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade Law, Domestic Regulation and Development is about the relationship between trade, regulation and development. By combining law and economics perspectives on the international trading system, Trachtman takes an interdisciplinary approach in analyzing the topic of globalization and economic development.In a developing economy, as globalization proceeds, a critical factor is the relationship between liberalization of movement of goods, services, and people, on the one hand, and the right to regulate, including the right to regulate for development, on the other hand. In the context of market access, all countries need the right to restrict imports of goods or services that may hurt consumers or the broader society, and developing countries sometimes need the ability to subsidize their own goods and services, or sometimes to restrict imports of goods or services, in order to promote development. Nonetheless, both developed and developing countries often fall into the trap of regulating for protectionist or corrupt reasons. Finding the right balance between market access and regulation is the subject of analysis in this collected volume of 16 papers by Trachtman, and presented in a manner that is accessible and interesting to both law and economics readers. In Trachtman's own words, 'The purpose of [international] trade law in this context [globalization] seems to be to allow states to agree to avoid creating these inefficient policy externalities, not to force all states to dance to the same tune.'
Book Synopsis The WTO Regime on Government Procurement by : Sue Arrowsmith
Download or read book The WTO Regime on Government Procurement written by Sue Arrowsmith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally an important but relatively obscure plurilateral instrument, the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) is now becoming a pillar of the WTO system as a result of important developments since the Uruguay Round. This collection examines the issues and challenges that this raises for the GPA, as well as future prospects for addressing government procurement at a multilateral level. Coverage includes issues relating to pending accessions to the GPA, particularly those of developing countries with a large state sector such as China; the revised (provisionally agreed) GPA text of 2006, including provisions on electronic procurement and Special and Differential Treatment for Developing Countries; and procurement provisions in regional trade agreements and their significance for the multilateral system. Attention is also given to emerging issues, especially those concerning environmental, social and SME policy; competition law; and the implications of the recent economic crisis.
Book Synopsis Research Handbook on Climate Change and Trade Law by : Panagiotis Delimatsis
Download or read book Research Handbook on Climate Change and Trade Law written by Panagiotis Delimatsis and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2016-12-30 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction between climate change and trade has grown in prominence in recent years. This Research Handbook contains authoritative original contributions from leading experts working at the interface between trade and climate change. It maps the state of affairs in such diverse areas as: carbon credits and taxes, sustainable standard-setting and trade in ‘green’ goods and services or investment, from both a regional and global perspective. Panagiotis Delimatsis redefines the interrelationship of trade and climate change for future scholarship in this area.
Book Synopsis Export competition issues after Nairobi by : Díaz-Bonilla, Eugenio
Download or read book Export competition issues after Nairobi written by Díaz-Bonilla, Eugenio and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews, from the perspective of developing countries, the recent agreement reached at the 10th WTO Ministerial at Nairobi related to export competition, including exports subsidies, food aid, export credits and guarantees, and state trading enterprises (STEs). The legal and economic aspects of the agreement are examined, and the relevance of banning agricultural export subsidies are noted. This eliminates some of the worst-case scenarios, if agricultural world prices continue to soften and the important margin of export subsidies still allowed under the WTO framework was to be used. But given the relatively longer transition period for some relevant products before export subsidies are completely banned, the paper argues for continued monitoring of the potential use of this instrument. The paper also discusses the other components of export competition, looking into the legal and economic aspects. Some suggestions about continuous work on transparency and monitoring of current practices, and further disciplines are also presented.
Book Synopsis WTO Accessions and Trade Multilateralism by : Uri Dadush
Download or read book WTO Accessions and Trade Multilateralism written by Uri Dadush and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-10 with total page 1015 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of how WTO accession negotiations have expanded the reach of the multilateral trading system both geographically and conceptually.
Book Synopsis Dispute Settlement Reports 2004 by : World Trade Organization
Download or read book Dispute Settlement Reports 2004 written by World Trade Organization and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-05-04 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authorized, paginated WTO Dispute Settlement Reports in English: cases for 2004.
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of the World Trading System by : Bernard M. Hoekman
Download or read book The Political Economy of the World Trading System written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Political Economy of the World Trading System is a comprehensive textbook account of the economics, institutional mechanics and politics of the world trading system. This third edition has been expanded and updated to cover developments in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) since its formation, including the Doha Round, presenting the essentials of trade negotiations and the WTO's rules and disciplines. The authors focus in particular on the WTO's role as the primary organisation through which trading nations manage their commercial interactions and the focal point for cooperation on policy responses to the rapidly changing global trading environment. It is the forum in which many features of the globalisation process are considered, and it currently faces an unprecedented set of challenges. The increasing importance of countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa in international trade relations, the revealed preference towards regionalism, intensification of trade conflicts, the role of business groups and NGOs in trade policy formation and negotiations, and pressures for more leadership in an institution threatened by paralysis are examples of issues that are discussed in some detail; all are critical for the operation of the system and for international business in the coming decade. This edition also includes numerous real-world examples to illustrate how the WTO impinges on business, workers and households, written from the perspective of managers and business associations. An insider's view of the institutional history of the WTO allows the authors to use a variety of conceptual tools to analyse the working of the WTO in a non-technical manner. Suggestions for Further Reading at the end of each chapter and an extensive bibliography make the volume suitable both for introductory and postgraduate courses on international economics and business, international relations, and international economic law.
Book Synopsis Between Market Economy and State Capitalism by : Henry Gao
Download or read book Between Market Economy and State Capitalism written by Henry Gao and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-11-30 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WTO provides tools to address China's state capitalism and should be the preferred forum for negotiations on SOE's and industrial subsidies.
Book Synopsis Catastrophic flood or inoffensive drizzle by : Laborde Debucquet, David
Download or read book Catastrophic flood or inoffensive drizzle written by Laborde Debucquet, David and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2015-12-24 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper has traced the discussions about export subsidies in trade negotiations and highlighted the particular anomaly that while export subsidies in industrial products have been banned under WTO rules, at the time of this writing, they are still allowed for agricultural products, including some that are rather industrialized, such as dairy and meat products. We also noted that, in recent years, the use of export subsidies has been declining (but did not disappear) due to the fact that agricultural and food prices have increased significantly since the lows of the early 2000s. Therefore, those export subsidies were not needed to sell in world markets and the WTO allowances have been above the levels actually utilized (what sometimes is called “water” in the commitments).
Book Synopsis Handbook of Commercial Policy by : Kyle Bagwell
Download or read book Handbook of Commercial Policy written by Kyle Bagwell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-11-02 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Commercial Policy explores three main topics that permeate the study of commercial policy. The first section presents a broad set of basic empirical facts regarding the pattern and evolution of commercial policy, with the second section investigating the crosscutting legal issues relating to the purpose and design of agreements. Finally, the third section covers key issues of commercial policy in the modern global economy. Every chapter in the book provides coverage from the perspectives of multilateral, and where appropriate, preferential trade agreements. While most other volumes are policy-oriented, this comprehensive guide explores the ways that intellectual thinking and rigor organize research, further making frontier-level synthesis and current theoretical and empirical research accessible to all. Covers the research areas that are critical for understanding how the world of commercial policy has changed, especially over the last 20 years Presents the way in which research on the topic have evolved Scrutinizes the economic modeling of bargaining and legal issues Useful for examining the theory and empirics of commercial policy
Book Synopsis The Regulation of International Trade, Volume 1 by : Petros C. Mavroidis
Download or read book The Regulation of International Trade, Volume 1 written by Petros C. Mavroidis and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-02-19 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed examination of the GATT regime for international trade, discussing the negotiating record, policy background, economic rationale, and case law. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was created alongside other towering achievements of the post-World War II era, including the United Nations, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. GATT, the first successful agreement to generate multilateral trade liberalization, became the principal institution to administer international trade for the next six decades. In this book, Petros Mavoidis offers detailed examination of the GATT regime for international trade, discussing the negotiating record, policy background, economic rationale, and case law. Mavroidis offers a substantive first chapter that provides a detailed historical background to GATT that stretches from the 1927 World Economic Conference through Bretton Woods and the Atlantic Charter. Each of the following chapters examines the disciplines agreed to, their negotiating record, their economic rationale, and subsequent practice. Mavroidis focuses on cases that have influenced the prevailing understanding of the norm, as well as on literature that has contributed to its interpretation, and the final outcome. In particular, he examines quantitative restrictions and tariffs; the most favored nation clause (MFN), the cornerstone of the GATT edifice; preferential trade agreements and special treatment for products originating in developing countries; domestic instruments; and exceptions to the obligations assumed under GATT. This book's companion volume examines World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements regulating trade in goods.
Book Synopsis Canada at the WTO by : Marc D. Froese
Download or read book Canada at the WTO written by Marc D. Froese and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A clear, concise, and compelling account of Canada's role in the governance of international trade." - Stephen McBride, Centre for Global Political Economy, Simon Fraser University
Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys: Canada 2008 by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys: Canada 2008 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2008-06-11 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OECD's periodic survey of Canada's economy. After two chapters assessing the current economic situation and policy responses to new terms of trade, ageing, and climate change, additional articles are presented on tax reform, long-term sustainability ...
