Calculated Surprises

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Calculated Surprises

Author : Johannes Lenhard
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190873302
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Calculated Surprises by : Johannes Lenhard

Download or read book Calculated Surprises written by Johannes Lenhard and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-11 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If all philosophy starts with wondering, then Calculated Surprises starts with wondering about how computers are changing the face and inner workings of science. In this book, Lenhard concentrates on the ways in which computers and simulation are transforming the established conception of mathematical modeling. His core thesis is that simulation modeling constitutes a new mode of mathematical modeling that rearranges and inverts key features of the established conception. Although most of these new key features--such as experimentation, exploration, or epistemic opacity--have their precursors, the new ways in which they are being combined is generating a distinctive style of scientific reasoning. Lenhard also documents how simulation is affecting fundamental concepts of solution, understanding, and validation. He feeds these transformations back into philosophy of science, thereby opening up new perspectives on longstanding oppositions. By combining historical investigations with practical aspects, Calculated Surprises is accessible for a broad audience of readers. Numerous case studies covering a wide range of simulation techniques are balanced with broad reflections on science and technology. Initially, what computers are good at is calculating with a speed and accuracy far beyond human capabilities. Lenhard goes further and investigates the emerging characteristics of computer-based modeling, showing how this simple observation is creating a number of surprising challenges for the methodology and epistemology of science. These calculated surprises will attract both philosophers and scientific practitioners who are interested in reflecting on recent developments in science and technology.

Calculated Surprises

Author : Johannes Lenhard
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190873299
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Calculated Surprises by : Johannes Lenhard

Download or read book Calculated Surprises written by Johannes Lenhard and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-18 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If all philosophy starts with wondering, then Calculated Surprises starts with wondering about how computers are changing the face and inner workings of science. In this book, Lenhard concentrates on the ways in which computers and simulation are transforming the established conception of mathematical modeling. His core thesis is that simulation modeling constitutes a new mode of mathematical modeling that rearranges and inverts key features of the established conception. Although most of these new key features--such as experimentation, exploration, or epistemic opacity--have their precursors, the new ways in which they are being combined is generating a distinctive style of scientific reasoning. Lenhard also documents how simulation is affecting fundamental concepts of solution, understanding, and validation. He feeds these transformations back into philosophy of science, thereby opening up new perspectives on longstanding oppositions. By combining historical investigations with practical aspects, Calculated Surprises is accessible for a broad audience of readers. Numerous case studies covering a wide range of simulation techniques are balanced with broad reflections on science and technology. Initially, what computers are good at is calculating with a speed and accuracy far beyond human capabilities. Lenhard goes further and investigates the emerging characteristics of computer-based modeling, showing how this simple observation is creating a number of surprising challenges for the methodology and epistemology of science. These calculated surprises will attract both philosophers and scientific practitioners who are interested in reflecting on recent developments in science and technology.

Novelty, Information and Surprise

Author : Günther Palm
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3662658755
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (626 download)

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Book Synopsis Novelty, Information and Surprise by : Günther Palm

Download or read book Novelty, Information and Surprise written by Günther Palm and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-02 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised edition offers an approach to information theory that is more general than the classical approach of Shannon. Classically, information is defined for an alphabet of symbols or for a set of mutually exclusive propositions (a partition of the probability space Ω) with corresponding probabilities adding up to 1. The new definition is given for an arbitrary cover of Ω, i.e. for a set of possibly overlapping propositions. The generalized information concept is called novelty and it is accompanied by two concepts derived from it, designated as information and surprise, which describe "opposite" versions of novelty, information being related more to classical information theory and surprise being related more to the classical concept of statistical significance. In the discussion of these three concepts and their interrelations several properties or classes of covers are defined, which turn out to be lattices. The book also presents applications of these concepts, mostly in statistics and in neuroscience.

Philosophy of Computing

Author : Björn Lundgren
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030752674
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy of Computing by : Björn Lundgren

Download or read book Philosophy of Computing written by Björn Lundgren and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-04 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features a unique selection of works presented at the 2019 annual international conference of the International Association for Computing and Philosophy (IACAP). Every contribution has been peer-reviewed, revised, and extended. The included chapters are thematically diverse; topics include epistemology, dynamic epistemic logic, topology, philosophy of science and computation, game theory and abductive inferences, automated reasoning and mathematical proofs, computer simulations, scientific modelling, applied ethics, pedagogy, human-robot interactions, and big data, algorithms, and artificial intelligence. The volume is a testament to the value of interdisciplinary approaches to the computational and informational turn. We live in a time of tremendous development, which requires rigorous reflection on the philosophical nature of these technologies and how they are changing the world. How can we understand these technologies? How do these technologies change our understanding of the world? And how do these technologies affect our place as humans in the world? These questions, and more, are addressed in this volume which is of interest to philosophers, engineers, and computer scientists alike.

The Thrill of the Chase

Author : Paul Martineau
Publisher : Getty Publications
ISBN 13 : 1606064673
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis The Thrill of the Chase by : Paul Martineau

Download or read book The Thrill of the Chase written by Paul Martineau and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2016-03-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Samuel J. Wagstaff Jr. (1921–1987) amassed an extraordinary collection of 26,000 photographs between 1973 and 1984, recognizing that photography was an undervalued art form on which he might have a profound impact as a collector. He was mainly attracted to photographs that stimulated his imagination, and his taste ran toward the idiosyncratic—images that surprised him chiefly because he had never seen them before. In choosing the 147 works reproduced in this volume, Paul Martineau selected masterpieces as well as images from obscure sources: daguerreotypes, cartes-de-visite, and stereographs, plus mug shots, medical photographs, and works by unknown makers. The latter category contains some of the most outstanding objects in the collection, demonstrating Wagstaff’s willingness to position unfamiliar images alongside works by established masters as well as underrepresented contemporary artists of the time, including Jo Ann Callis, William Garnett, and Edmund Teske. This book is published to accompany an eponymous exhibition on view at the J. Paul Getty Museum from March 15 to July 31, 2016; at the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford, CT, from September 10 to December 11, 2016; and at the Portland Museum of Art in Portland, ME, from February 1 to April 30, 2017.

Brownian Motion and Molecular Reality

Author : George E. Smith
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190098031
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Brownian Motion and Molecular Reality by : George E. Smith

Download or read book Brownian Motion and Molecular Reality written by George E. Smith and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-08-14 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1905 and 1913, French physicist Jean Perrin's experiments on Brownian motion ostensibly put a definitive end to the long debate regarding the real existence of molecules, proving the atomic theory of matter. While Perrin's results had a significant impact at the time, later examination of his experiments questioned whether he really gained experimental access to the molecular realm. The experiments were successful in determining the mean kinetic energy of the granules of Brownian motion; however, the values for molecular magnitudes Perrin inferred from them simply presupposed that the granule mean kinetic energy was the same as the mean molecular kinetic energy in the fluid in which the granules move. This stipulation became increasingly questionable in the years between 1908 and 1913, as significantly lower values for these magnitudes were obtained from other experimental results like alpha-particle emissions, ionization, and Planck's blackbody radiation equation. In this case study in the history and philosophy of science, George E. Smith and Raghav Seth here argue that despite doubts, Perrin's measurements were nevertheless exemplars of theory-mediated measurement-the practice of obtaining values for an inaccessible quantity by inferring them from an accessible proxy via theoretical relationships between them. They argue that it was actually Perrin more than any of his contemporaries who championed this approach during the years in question. The practice of theory-mediated measurement in physics had a long history before 1900, but the concerted efforts of Perrin, Rutherford, Millikan, Planck, and their colleagues led to the central role this form of evidence has had in microphysical research ever since. Seth and Smith's study thus replaces an untenable legend with an account that is not only tenable, but more instructive about what the evidence did and did not show.

Library of the World's Best Literature

Author : Charles Dudley Warner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 682 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (334 download)

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Book Synopsis Library of the World's Best Literature by : Charles Dudley Warner

Download or read book Library of the World's Best Literature written by Charles Dudley Warner and published by . This book was released on 1897 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Science of Science-fiction Writing

Author : James E. Gunn
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1578860113
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (788 download)

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Book Synopsis The Science of Science-fiction Writing by : James E. Gunn

Download or read book The Science of Science-fiction Writing written by James E. Gunn and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2000 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fiction-writing text by a well-known sci-fi author, editor and professor.

The Routledge Companion to Thought Experiments

Author : Michael T Stuart
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351705512
Total Pages : 709 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Companion to Thought Experiments by : Michael T Stuart

Download or read book The Routledge Companion to Thought Experiments written by Michael T Stuart and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thought experiments are a means of imaginative reasoning that lie at the heart of philosophy, from the pre-Socratics to the modern era, and they also play central roles in a range of fields, from physics to politics. The Routledge Companion to Thought Experiments is an invaluable guide and reference source to this multifaceted subject. Comprising over 30 chapters by a team of international contributors, the Companion covers the following important areas: · the history of thought experiments, from antiquity to the trolley problem and quantum non-locality; · thought experiments in the humanities, arts, and sciences, including ethics, physics, theology, biology, mathematics, economics, and politics; · theories about the nature of thought experiments; · new discussions concerning the impact of experimental philosophy, cross-cultural comparison studies, metaphilosophy, computer simulations, idealization, dialectics, cognitive science, the artistic nature of thought experiments, and metaphysical issues. This broad ranging Companion goes backwards through history and sideways across disciplines. It also engages with philosophical perspectives from empiricism, rationalism, naturalism, skepticism, pluralism, contextualism, and neo-Kantianism to phenomenology. This volume will be valuable for anyone studying the methods of philosophy or any discipline that employs thought experiments, as well as anyone interested in the power and limits of the mind.

Digital History and Hermeneutics

Author : Andreas Fickers
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110723999
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Digital History and Hermeneutics by : Andreas Fickers

Download or read book Digital History and Hermeneutics written by Andreas Fickers and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-06-21 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of rapid advancements in computer science during recent decades, there has been an increased use of digital tools, methodologies and sources in the field of digital humanities. While opening up new opportunities for scholarship, many digital methods and tools now used for humanities research have nevertheless been developed by computer or data sciences and thus require a critical understanding of their mode of operation and functionality. The novel field of digital hermeneutics is meant to provide such a critical and reflexive frame for digital humanities research by acquiring digital literacy and skills. A new knowledge for the assessment of digital data, research infrastructures, analytical tools, and interpretative methods is needed, providing the humanities scholar with the necessary munition for doing critical research. The Doctoral Training Unit "Digital History and Hermeneutics" at the University of Luxembourg applies this analytical frame to 13 PhD projects. By combining a hermeneutic reflection on the new digital practices of humanities scholarship with hands-on experimentation with digital tools and methods, new approaches and opportunities as well as limitations and flaws can be addressed.

The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Science

Author : Paul Humphreys
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199368813
Total Pages : 945 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Science by : Paul Humphreys

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Science written by Paul Humphreys and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 945 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook combines coverage of traditional areas in the philosophy of science, such as causation, explanation, and theory structure, with chapters on new areas such as philosophy of astronomy, data, complexity theory, and emergence. The articles are accessible to scientifically educated non-philosophers as well as to philosophers.

Brain Building Games

Author : Allen D. Bragdon
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0802776841
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Building Games by : Allen D. Bragdon

Download or read book Brain Building Games written by Allen D. Bragdon and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2003-09-01 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A crossword puzzle devotee's bonanza: a personal three-month mind-training program, with 182 performance tips and puzzles to increase memory, math, and language dexterity.

The Palgrave Handbook of Intermediality

Author : Jørgen Bruhn
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031283228
Total Pages : 1254 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis The Palgrave Handbook of Intermediality by : Jørgen Bruhn

Download or read book The Palgrave Handbook of Intermediality written by Jørgen Bruhn and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-01-02 with total page 1254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides an extensive overview of traditional and emerging research areas within the field of intermediality studies, understood broadly as the study of interrelations among all forms of communicative media types, including transmedial phenomena. Section I offers accounts of the development of the field of intermediality - its histories, theories and methods. Section II and III then explore intermedial facets of communication from ancient times until the 21st century, with discussion on a wide range of cultural and geographical settings, media types, and topics, by contributors from a diverse set of disciplines. It concludes in Section IV with an emphasis on urgent societal issues that an intermedial perspective might help understand.

Simulating Science

Author : Ramón Alvarado
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031386477
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (313 download)

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Book Synopsis Simulating Science by : Ramón Alvarado

Download or read book Simulating Science written by Ramón Alvarado and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-23 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a philosophical framework to understand computer simulations as scientific instruments. This is in sharp contrast to existing philosophical approaches on the subject, which have historically understood computer simulations as either formal abstractions or as broadly construed empirical practices. In order to make its case, the volume contains a thorough examination of conventional philosophical approaches as well as their respective limitations. Yet, also, unlike other accounts of computer simulations from the perspective of the philosophy of science, this book incorporates insights from the philosophy of technology and the history of science. Hence, the book offers philosophers of science, technologists and other researchers interested in the topic, a thorough overview of the philosophical issues regarding the design, development and deployment of computer simulations in science and science-based policy making.

Reality+: Virtual Worlds and the Problems of Philosophy

Author : David J. Chalmers
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393635813
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis Reality+: Virtual Worlds and the Problems of Philosophy by : David J. Chalmers

Download or read book Reality+: Virtual Worlds and the Problems of Philosophy written by David J. Chalmers and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2022-01-25 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A leading philosopher takes a mind-bending journey through virtual worlds, illuminating the nature of reality and our place within it. Virtual reality is genuine reality; that’s the central thesis of Reality+. In a highly original work of “technophilosophy,” David J. Chalmers gives a compelling analysis of our technological future. He argues that virtual worlds are not second-class worlds, and that we can live a meaningful life in virtual reality. We may even be in a virtual world already. Along the way, Chalmers conducts a grand tour of big ideas in philosophy and science. He uses virtual reality technology to offer a new perspective on long-established philosophical questions. How do we know that there’s an external world? Is there a god? What is the nature of reality? What’s the relation between mind and body? How can we lead a good life? All of these questions are illuminated or transformed by Chalmers’ mind-bending analysis. Studded with illustrations that bring philosophical issues to life, Reality+ is a major statement that will shape discussion of philosophy, science, and technology for years to come.

The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity

Author : Robert Frodeman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191053279
Total Pages : 760 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity by : Robert Frodeman

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity written by Robert Frodeman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interdisciplinarity has become as important outside academia as within. Academics, policy makers, and the general public seek insights to help organize the vast amounts of knowledge being produced, both within research and at all levels of education. The second edition of The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity offers a thorough update of this major reference work, summarizing the latest advances within the field of inter- and transdisciplinarity. The collection is distinguished by its breadth of coverage, with chapters written by leading experts from multiple networks and organizations. The volume is edited by respected interdisciplinary scholars and supported by a prestigious advisory board to ensure the highest quality and breadth of coverage. The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity provides a synoptic overview of the current state of interdisciplinary research, education, administration and management, and of problem solving-knowledge that spans the disciplines and interdisciplinary fields. The volume negotiates the space between the academic community and society at large. Offering the most broad-based account of inter- and transdisciplinarity to date, its 47 chapters provide a snapshot of the state of knowledge integration as interdisciplinarity approaches its century mark. This second edition expands its coverage to discuss the emergence of new fields, the increase of interdisciplinary approaches within traditional disciplines and professions, new integrative approaches to education and training, the widening international presence of interdisciplinarity, its increased support in funding agencies and science-policy bodies, and the formation of several new international associations associated with interdisciplinarity. This reference book will be a valuable addition to academic libraries worldwide, important reading for members of the sciences, social sciences, and humanities engaged in interdisciplinary research and education, and helpful for administrators and policy makers seeking to improve the use of knowledge in society.

Philosophical Perspectives in Quantum Chemistry

Author : Olimpia Lombardi
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030983730
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophical Perspectives in Quantum Chemistry by : Olimpia Lombardi

Download or read book Philosophical Perspectives in Quantum Chemistry written by Olimpia Lombardi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-16 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the philosophy and the foundations of quantum chemistry. It features chapters written by experts in the field. The contributions analyze quantum chemistry as a discipline, in particular, its relation with both chemistry and physics from the viewpoint of realism and reduction. Coverage includes such topics as quantum chemistry as an “in-between” discipline, molecular structure and quantum mechanics, quantum chemical models, and atoms and molecules in quantum chemistry. The interest of this book is twofold. First, the contributions aim to update and refresh the discussions regarding the foundations of quantum chemistry. Second, they seek to develop new philosophical perspectives that this discipline can suggest to philosophers of science. From its origins, quantum chemistry filled a problematic position in the disciplinary space. On the one hand, it is a branch of theoretical chemistry. On the other hand, it appeals essentially to theoretical tools coming from physics. This peculiar position triggered conceptual questions about its own identity. Inside this book, readers will find updated discussions on the foundations and the philosophy of this complex discipline.