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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Cahiers pour l'histoire du CNRS, 1939-1989 written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Luce Giard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Cahiers pour l'histoire du CNRS, 1939-1989 written by Luce Giard and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : George Steinmetz
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691237441
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)
Download or read book The Colonial Origins of Modern Social Thought written by George Steinmetz and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2025-02-25 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new history of French social thought that connects postwar sociology to colonialism and empire In this provocative and original retelling of the history of French social thought, George Steinmetz places the history and development of modern French sociology in the context of the French empire after World War II. Connecting the rise of all the social sciences with efforts by France and other imperial powers to consolidate control over their crisis-ridden colonies, Steinmetz argues that colonial research represented a crucial core of the renascent academic discipline of sociology, especially between the late 1930s and the 1960s. Sociologists, who became favored partners of colonial governments, were asked to apply their expertise to such “social problems” as detribalization, urbanization, poverty, and labor migration. This colonial orientation permeated all the major subfields of sociological research, Steinmetz contends, and is at the center of the work of four influential scholars: Raymond Aron, Jacques Berque, Georges Balandier, and Pierre Bourdieu. In retelling this history, Steinmetz develops and deploys a new methodological approach that combines attention to broadly contextual factors, dynamics within the intellectual development of the social sciences and sociology in particular, and close readings of sociological texts. He moves gradually toward the postwar sociologists of colonialism and their writings, beginning with the most macroscopic contexts, which included the postwar “reoccupation” of the French empire and the turn to developmentalist policies and the resulting demand for new forms of social scientific expertise. After exploring the colonial engagement of researchers in sociology and neighboring fields before and after 1945, he turns to detailed examinations of the work of Aron, who created a sociology of empires; Berque, the leading historical sociologist of North Africa; Balandier, the founder of French Africanist sociology; and Bourdieu, whose renowned theoretical concepts were forged in war-torn, late-colonial Algeria.
Author : John Krige
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262263416
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)
Download or read book American Hegemony and the Postwar Reconstruction of Science in Europe written by John Krige and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2008-08-29 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1945, the United States was not only the strongest economic and military power in the world; it was also the world's leader in science and technology. In American Hegemony and the Postwar Reconstruction of Science in Europe, John Krige describes the efforts of influential figures in the United States to model postwar scientific practices and institutions in Western Europe on those in America. They mobilized political and financial support to promote not just America's scientific and technological agendas in Western Europe but its Cold War political and ideological agendas as well. Drawing on the work of diplomatic and cultural historians, Krige argues that this attempt at scientific dominance by the United States can be seen as a form of "consensual hegemony," involving the collaboration of influential local elites who shared American values. He uses this notion to analyze a series of case studies that describe how the U.S. administration, senior officers in the Rockefeller and Ford Foundations, the NATO Science Committee, and influential members of the scientific establishment—notably Isidor I. Rabi of Columbia University and Vannevar Bush of MIT—tried to Americanize scientific practices in such fields as physics, molecular biology, and operations research. He details U.S. support for institutions including CERN, the Niels Bohr Institute, the French CNRS and its laboratories at Gif near Paris, and the never-established "European MIT." Krige's study shows how consensual hegemony in science not only served the interests of postwar European reconstruction but became another way of maintaining American leadership and "making the world safe for democracy."
Author : Marc Barbut
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1447156196
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)
Download or read book Paul Lévy and Maurice Fréchet written by Marc Barbut and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-29 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fascinating correspondence between Paul Lévy and Maurice Fréchet spans an extremely active period in French mathematics during the twentieth century. The letters of these two Frenchmen show their vicissitudes of research and passionate enthusiasm for the emerging field of modern probability theory. The letters cover various topics of mathematical importance including academic careers and professional travels, issues concerning students and committees, and the difficulties both mathematicians met to be elected to the Paris Academy of Sciences. The technical questions that occupied Lévy and Fréchet on almost a daily basis are the primary focus of these letters, which are charged with elation, frustration and humour. Their mathematical victories and setbacks unfolded against the dramatic backdrop of the two World Wars and the occupation of France, during which Lévy was obliged to go into hiding. The clear and persistent desire of these mathematicians to continue their work whatever the circumstance testifies to the enlightened spirit of their discipline which was persistent against all odds. The book contains a detailed and comprehensive introduction to the central topics of the correspondence. The original text of the letters is also annotated by numerous footnotes for helpful guidance. Paul Lévy and Maurice Fréchet will be useful to anybody interested in the history of mathematics in the twentieth century and, in particular, the birth of modern probab ility theory.
Author : Margarita Díaz-Andreu
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317605136
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)
Download or read book Nationalism and Archaeology in Europe written by Margarita Díaz-Andreu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-24 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Archaeologists from many different European countries here explore the very varied relationship between nationalistic ideas and archaeological activity through the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The resurgence of nationalism was one of the most prominent features of the European political scene in the 1990s, when this book was originally published. The past provides a large supply of ideas and images to support the claims of national identity deeply rooted in remote generations. The remote past revealed by archaeology also plays a part – heroes, heroines, golden ages long disappeared, objects to admire, and sites to provoke the memory, all called on to further the cause of nationalism. Drawing on the authoritative insights of the indigenous contributors, this book examines the issues throughout modern Europe. All of the chapters share a concern to see archaeology and the study of the past as intimately related to contemporary social and political questions. The present shapes the way we think about the past but the past also provides us with evidence for thinking about the present. These issues are timeless and this comprehensive examination of a host of issues remains important for historians and those pursuing nationalistic politics.
Author : Muriel Le Roux
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0081011377
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)
Download or read book Navelbine® and Taxotère® written by Muriel Le Roux and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-11-26 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the many forms of cancer treatment, chemotherapy remains an important part of the arsenal in which Navelbine and Taxotere play a major role.These medicines result from molecules discovered by French researchers of the Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN) of the CNRS, directed by Pierre Potier. By recounting this history, the authors of this book attempt to illustrate how the work of themselves and others, united in a community, has helped obtain these results. After having explained the strategy of the French policy makers to promote the French chemistry of natural substances, the authors explore how the academic efforts in this field have evolved, and the alignment between science and its applications has become increasingly present. The contributions of the CNRS to the industry, and vice versa, offer an alternative image of public research relationships and industrial research, where CNRS researchers are able to extend the limits of freedom and creativity. It is to account for this complexity that the authors here have chosen to write this history together, which is in a sense exemplary.Due to an association between history and chemistry, this book explains these discoveries by placing them in their specific politic, economic and scientific contexts. - Provides an overview of how the French research system facilitated the discovery of the two molecules, Navelbine and Taxotere, and their anticancer activity - Based on a collaboration between a chemist and an historian of science, technology and innovation - Offers a unique perspective, bringing together the specific knowledge and skills of chemistry and history - Embeds chemistry in the general history thereby opening a window on science in action
Author : James W. Cortada
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313388016
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Second Bibliographic Guide to the History of Computing, Computers, and the Information Processing Industry written by James W. Cortada and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1996-01-30 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complementing the author's 1990 bibliography, A Bibliographic Guide to the History of Computing, Computers, and the Information Processing Industry, this bibliography provides 2,500 new citations, covering all significant literature published since the late 1980s. It includes all aspects of the subject—biographies, company histories, industry studies, product descriptions, sociological studies, industry directories, and traditional monographic histories—and covers all periods from the beginnings to the personal computer. New to this volume is a chapter on the management of information processing operations, useful to both historians and managers of information technology. Together with the earlier bibliography, this work provides the most comprehensive bibliographic guide to the history of computers, computing, and the information processing industry. The organization of the book follows that of the earlier work, with the addition of the new chapter on the management of information processing. All entries are new to this volume. Titles are annotated, and each chapter begins with a short introduction. A full table of contents and author and subject indexes enhance accessibility to the material.
Author : Douglas M. O'Reagan
Publisher : Johns Hopkins University Press
ISBN 13 : 1421439840
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)
Download or read book Taking Nazi Technology written by Douglas M. O'Reagan and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-30 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intriguing, real-life espionage stories bring to life a comparative history of the Allies' efforts to seize, control, and exploit German science and technology after the Second World War. During the Second World War, German science and technology posed a terrifying threat to the Allied nations. These advanced weapons, which included rockets, V-2 missiles, tanks, submarines, and jet airplanes, gave troubling credence to Nazi propaganda about forthcoming "wonder-weapons" that would turn the war decisively in favor of the Axis. After the war ended, the Allied powers raced to seize "intellectual reparations" from almost every field of industrial technology and academic science in occupied Germany. It was likely the largest-scale technology transfer in history. In Taking Nazi Technology, Douglas M. O'Reagan describes how the Western Allies gathered teams of experts to scour defeated Germany, seeking industrial secrets and the technical personnel who could explain them. Swarms of investigators invaded Germany's factories and research institutions, seizing or copying all kinds of documents, from patent applications to factory production data to science journals. They questioned, hired, and sometimes even kidnapped hundreds of scientists, engineers, and other technical personnel. They studied technologies from aeronautics to audiotapes, toy making to machine tools, chemicals to carpentry equipment. They took over academic libraries, jealously competed over chemists, and schemed to deny the fruits of German invention to any other land—including that of other Allied nations. Drawing on declassified records, O'Reagan looks at which techniques worked for these very different nations, as well as which failed—and why. Most importantly, he shows why securing this technology, how the Allies did it, and when still matters today. He also argues that these programs did far more than spread German industrial science: they forced businessmen and policymakers around the world to rethink how science and technology fit into diplomacy, business, and society itself.
Author : Alice L. Conklin
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801469031
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)
Download or read book In the Museum of Man written by Alice L. Conklin and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Museum of Man offers new insight into the thorny relationship between science, society, and empire at the high-water mark of French imperialism and European racism. Alice L. Conklin takes us into the formative years of French anthropology and social theory between 1850 and 1900; then deep into the practice of anthropology, under the name of ethnology, both in Paris and in the empire before and especially after World War I; and finally, into the fate of the discipline and its practitioners under the German Occupation and its immediate aftermath. Conklin addresses the influence exerted by academic networks, museum collections, and imperial connections in defining human diversity socioculturally rather than biologically, especially in the wake of resurgent anti-Semitism at the time of the Dreyfus Affair and in the 1930s and 1940s. Students of the progressive social scientist Marcel Mauss were exposed to the ravages of imperialism in the French colonies where they did fieldwork; as a result, they began to challenge both colonialism and the scientific racism that provided its intellectual justification. Indeed, a number of them were killed in the Resistance, fighting for the humanist values they had learned from their teachers and in the field. A riveting story of a close-knit community of scholars who came to see all societies as equally complex, In the Museum of Man serves as a reminder that if scientific expertise once authorized racism, anthropologists also learned to rethink their paradigms and mobilize against racial prejudice—a lesson well worth remembering today.
Author : E. Crawford
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401712212
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)
Download or read book Denationalizing Science written by E. Crawford and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Present trends indicate that in the years to come transnational science, whether basic or applied and involving persons, equipment or funding, will grow considerably. The main purpose of this volume is to try to understand the reasons for this denationalization of science, its historical contexts and its social forms. The Introduction to the volume sets out the socio-political, intellectual, and economic contexts for the nationalization and denationalization of the sciences, processes that have extended over four centuries. The articles examine the specific conditions that have given rise to the growth of transnational science in the 20th century. Among these are: the need for cognitive and technical standardization of scientific knowledge-products, pressure toward cost-sharing of large installations such as CERN, the voluntary and involuntary migration of scientists, and the global market for R&D products that has emerged at the end of the century. The volume raises many new questions for research by historians and sociologists of science and poses problems that are of concern both to scientists and science policy-makers.
Author : John Horne
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119968704
Total Pages : 738 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)
Download or read book A Companion to World War I written by John Horne and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Companion to the First World War brings together an international team of distinguished historians who provide a series of original and thought-provoking essays on one of the most devastating events in modern history. Comprises 38 essays by leading scholars who analyze the current state of historical scholarship on the First World War Provides extensive coverage spanning the pre-war period, the military conflict, social, economic, political, and cultural developments, and the war's legacy Offers original perspectives on themes as diverse as strategy and tactics, war crimes, science and technology, and the arts Selected as a 2011 Outstanding Academic Title by CHOICE
Author : Nancy P. Appelbaum
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 9780807854419
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (544 download)
Download or read book Race and Nation in Modern Latin America written by Nancy P. Appelbaum and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on cutting-edge research, these 12 essays examine connections between race and national identity in Latin America and the Caribbean in the post-independence era. They reveal how notions of race and nationhood have varied over time and across the region's political landscapes.
Author : M. Cross
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1403932743
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (39 download)
Download or read book The French Experience from Republic to Monarchy, 1792-1824 written by M. Cross and published by Springer. This book was released on 2000-09-25 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fourteen wide-ranging chapters by distinguished international scholars treat key aspects of the rapidly changing political and cultural scene in France from the First Republic, through the Consulate and Empire to the death of Louis XVIII in 1824. Falling into two interlinked parts, this collection of original essays explores new developments as well as continuities characterising the transition between the eighteenth century and the nineteenth. It includes chapters on feminism, politics and theatre, elections and plebiscites, revolution and counter-revolution, patronage, universities and education, medicine, music and science.
Author : Robert Henry Robins
Publisher : Peeters Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9789068319484
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)
Download or read book Languages and Linguists written by Robert Henry Robins and published by Peeters Publishers. This book was released on 1997 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume contains the texts of interviews realized with three linguists: the late Andre-Georges Haudricourt (1911-1996), Henry M. Hoenigswald (born in 1915) and Robert H. Robins (born in 1921). The book has a twofold objective: on the one hand, its goal is to bring together a number of "inside" testimonies on fundamental issues in linguistics; on the other hand, it is intended to provide a personalized documentation which is particularly relevant for a historiography of linguistics that does not limit itself to published sources. The issues addressed in these interviews concern the status of linguistics (and more particularly the relationship between the study of languages and history), the fundamental aims of the study of language, and the scientific and humanitarian status of linguistics. The three interviews also shed light on the intellectual itinerary of the three linguists and on the developments which took place in the linguistic landscape during the past 65 years. The three interviews are supplemented with useful bibliographical notes. The preface informs about the state of the art in the "oral archiving" of linguistics.
Author : Harry Cohn
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 0821851497
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (218 download)
Download or read book Doeblin and Modern Probability written by Harry Cohn and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 1993 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wolfgang Doeblin, one of the greatest probabilists of this century, died in action during World War II at the age of twenty-five. He left behind several seminal contributions which have profoundly influenced the field and continue to provide inspiration for current research. This book is based on papers presented at the conference, `Fifty Years after Doeblin: Developments in the Theory of Markov Chains, Markov Processes, and Sums of Random Variables', held at Blaubeuren, Germany, in November 1991. Presented here for the first time is an account of Doeblin's life and work, revealing the circumstances of his tragic death in 1940. Organized into sections according to topic, the papers describe both Doeblin's original contributions as well as current developments. With contributions by top probabilists from sixteen countries, this book will interest both researchers in probability and science historians.
Author : Laurent Mazliak
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048127408
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)
Download or read book Mathematicians at war written by Laurent Mazliak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-08 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous scientists have taken part in the war effort during World War I, but few gave it the passionate energy of the prominent Italian mathematician Volterra. As a convinced supporter of the cause of Britain and France, he struggled vigorously to carry Italy into the war in May 1915 and then developed a frenetic activity to support the war effort, going himself to the front, even though he was 55. This activity found an adequate echo with his French colleagues Borel, Hadamard and Picard. The huge correspondence they exchanged during the war, gives an extraordinary view of these activities, and raises numerous fundamental questions about the role of a scientist, and particularly a mathematician during WW I. It also offers a vivid documentation about the intellectual life of the time ; Volterra’s and Borel’s circles in particular were extremely wide and the range of their interests was not limited to their field of specialization. The book proposes the complete transcription of the aforementioned correspondence, annotated with numerous footnotes to give details on the contents. It also offers a general historical introduction to the context of the letters and several complements on themes related to the academic exchanges between France and Italy during the war.
