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Bulk Molecular And Spectroscopic Analysis Of Organic Matter Reactivity Classes Isolated From St Lawrence Estuary Sediment
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Book Synopsis Bulk, Molecular and Spectroscopic Analysis of Organic Matter Reactivity Classes Isolated from St. Lawrence Estuary Sediment by : Mina Ibrahim
Download or read book Bulk, Molecular and Spectroscopic Analysis of Organic Matter Reactivity Classes Isolated from St. Lawrence Estuary Sediment written by Mina Ibrahim and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reactivity and Chemical Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in an Estuary by : Hussain A. Abdulla
Download or read book Reactivity and Chemical Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in an Estuary written by Hussain A. Abdulla and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Linking Optical and Chemical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters by : Christopher L. Osburn
Download or read book Linking Optical and Chemical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters written by Christopher L. Osburn and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A substantial increase in the number of studies using the optical properties (absorbance and fluorescence) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) as a proxy for its chemical properties in estuaries and the coastal and open ocean has occurred during the last decade. We are making progress on finding the actual chemical compounds or phenomena responsible for DOM’s optical properties. Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry, in particular, has made important progress in making the key connections between optics and chemistry. But serious questions remain and the last major special issue on DOM optics and chemistry occurred nearly 10 years ago. Controversies remain from the non-specific optical properties of DOM that are not linked to discrete sources, and sometimes provide conflicting information. The use of optics, which is relatively easier to employ in synoptic and high resolution sampling to determine chemistry, is a critical connection to make and can lead to major advances in our understanding of organic matter cycling in all aquatic ecosystems. The contentions and controversies raised by our poor understanding of the linkages between optics and chemistry of DOM are bottlenecks that need to be addressed and overcome.
Book Synopsis Molecular and Isotopic Characterization of Organic Matter in the St. Lawrence Estuary by : Robert James Panetta
Download or read book Molecular and Isotopic Characterization of Organic Matter in the St. Lawrence Estuary written by Robert James Panetta and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Solids in Natural Waters by : Thomas R. Crompton
Download or read book Analysis of Solids in Natural Waters written by Thomas R. Crompton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As only a few books have been published on the matter of toxic materials in water it occurred to the author that a comprehensive volume dealing with all aspects of this subject was overdue. In this book there is a complete discussion of world literature on the determination of metals, non-metals, organic substances, organometallic com pounds, together with organic carbon parameters and radioactive elements in river, stream, lake and pond sediments, marine and estuarine sediments, river and sea fish, crustacea and molluscs, phytoplankton and sea and river weeds. Much very detailed work has been carried out on this subject over the past 20 years and a review of this work is timely in view of the increasing interest to chemists, environmentalists and others concerned with the quality of our environ ment. The presence of organic and inorganic substances in river and oceanic sediments is due in part to man-made pollution, and monitoring the levels of these substances in sediment and sediment core samples provides an indication of the time dependence of element concentration over large time spans. Contamination of sediments is found not only in rivers but also in estuarine sediments and sometimes in oceanic sedi ments, and this sediment analysis provides a means of tracking elements from their sources through the ecosystem.
Book Synopsis Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment by : Fritz Hartmann Frimmel
Download or read book Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment written by Fritz Hartmann Frimmel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Refractory organic substances (ROS) are an essential part of the biogeochemical carbon cycle. Wherever there is life on earth, there will also be ROS in the form of poorly biodegradable leftovers of organisms and as a source for new life. Furthermore, it is now beyond doubt that ROS are closely related to the carbon intensity identified as one of the driving forces in the dynamics of green house gas emission, such that ROS play a key role in sustainable development. 'Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment' provides the results of six years of top-priority research, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). This research program investigated the structure and function of ROS in different parts of the environment, from a chemical, physical, biological, and soil scientific point of view. It included the first systematic study of a set of reference samples from Central Europe, originating from a bog lake, soil seepage water, groundwater, and from the wastewaters of a brown coal processing plant and a secondary effluent. Thus, this work not only highlights the structural features obtained from the application of advanced analytical tools, but also the function in anthropogenically influenced aquatic systems and soils. Of special interest to students and researchers in life sciences.
Book Synopsis Towards an Understanding of Dissolved Organic Matter Molecular Composition and Reactivity in the Environment by : Barbara Cottrell
Download or read book Towards an Understanding of Dissolved Organic Matter Molecular Composition and Reactivity in the Environment written by Barbara Cottrell and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter by : Dennis A. Hansell
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter written by Dennis A. Hansell and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-10-02 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of molecules found throughout the world's oceans. It plays a key role in the export, distribution, and sequestration of carbon in the oceanic water column, posited to be a source of atmospheric climate regulation. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Second Edition, focuses on the chemical constituents of DOM and its biogeochemical, biological, and ecological significance in the global ocean, and provides a single, unique source for the references, information, and informed judgments of the community of marine biogeochemists. Presented by some of the world's leading scientists, this revised edition reports on the major advances in this area and includes new chapters covering the role of DOM in ancient ocean carbon cycles, the long term stability of marine DOM, the biophysical dynamics of DOM, fluvial DOM qualities and fate, and the Mediterranean Sea. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Second Edition, is an extremely useful resource that helps people interested in the largest pool of active carbon on the planet (DOC) get a firm grounding on the general paradigms and many of the relevant references on this topic. Features up-to-date knowledge of DOM, including five new chapters The only published work to synthesize recent research on dissolved organic carbon in the Mediterranean Sea Includes chapters that address inputs from freshwater terrestrial DOM
Book Synopsis Structure and Reactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter as Determined by Ultra-high Resulution [i.e. Resolution] Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry by : Sunghwan Kim
Download or read book Structure and Reactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter as Determined by Ultra-high Resulution [i.e. Resolution] Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry written by Sunghwan Kim and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: There is currently little molecular level information available for dissolved organic matter (DOM). In this study, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) with ultra-high resolution has been used to study DOM at a molecular level. High resolution mass spectra of DOM routinely contains several thousand peaks with a multitude of peaks in each nominal mass region. To study the spectra at the molecular level, the individual peaks need to be examined, a process that is arduous and time consuming. In this study, use of the van Krevelen diagram is demonstrated as an innovative graphical interpretation tool for ultra-high resolution mass spectrometric data of DOM. Plotting of ESI-FT ICR-MS data from DOM indicates that lignin or tannin type molecules compose the main portion of readily ionizable DOM molecules. In addition, many peaks corresponding to hydrogen deficient molecules are observed. These hydrogen deficient molecules found in DOM samples can be related to black carbon derived material. The process of consumption and utilization of DOM by microorganisms is investigated by employing plug-flow thin film bioreactors and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry of DOM from inflow and outflow water samples. It is shown that the DOM molecules are subject to modifications to lower molecular weight molecules by micro-organisms. Applying van Krevelen analyses for mass spectral data reveals that relative importance of the peaks with low H/C ratios (especially the peaks in the region that has been assigned to black carbon molecules) are generally increased from inflow to outflow water samples. This is consistent in two sets of bioreactor samples collected from two different locations. The current study clearly demonstrates that the method employed in a significant breakthrough in the ability to recognize such a biologically refractory form of DOM.
Book Synopsis Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter Isolated from the Mississippi River Delta and Gulf of Mexico by : John Graham Rankin
Download or read book Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter Isolated from the Mississippi River Delta and Gulf of Mexico written by John Graham Rankin and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Influence of Dissolved Organic Matter Composition on Its Reactivity in Natural and Engineered Systems by : Reid Milstead
Download or read book The Influence of Dissolved Organic Matter Composition on Its Reactivity in Natural and Engineered Systems written by Reid Milstead and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex heterogeneous mixture of organic compounds that is found in all water systems. DOM is derived from both terrestrial and microbial sources. The composition of DOM can vary greatly depending on a number of variables, including time of year, surrounding groundcover type, and water column depth. The characterization of DOM composition is increasingly performed using high-resolution mass spectrometry, although different instrumentation and techniques may yield different results. Importantly, DOM plays a key role in a number of chemical processes in both natural and engineered systems, such as the generation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from surface waters, the degradation of aquatic contaminants, and the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during drinking water treatment. The composition of DOM determines its reactivity in all of these processes. Using both bulk and high-resolution analytical techniques, the photooxidation of DOM can be explored. DOM compounds that are more oxidized and aromatic tend to be associated with the consumption of oxygen and the production of CO2. Bulk scale measurements show that DOM becomes less aromatic and lower in molecular weight as a result of partial photooxidation. High-resolution mass spectrometry also provides evidence of oxygen addition and the loss of CO2 from DOM during irradiation experiments. However, the chemical formulas that are most photolabile vary depending on the initial composition of DOM. Using light exposure experiments the kinetics of degradation of four contaminants were quantified for a large set of diverse waters. Using this information, we evaluated the relationships between indirect photolysis rate constants and the formation of photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRI) using linear regression analysis. Additionally, quencher experiments were performed to identify the PPRI associated with the degradation of each contaminant in all waters. Triplet state DOM (3DOM) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were identified as critical for atorvastatin, carbamazepine, and sulfadiazine, while hydroxyl radical (•OH) is important for benzotriazole. Our results suggest that quenching experiments should be used with caution due to the non-targeted nature of quenching compounds and the interconnection of PPRI. All of these factors result in probe compounds possibly overstating the importance of PPRI in the indirect photolysis of common contaminants. The characterization of DOM in drinking waters reveals a high degree of variability in DOM composition and reactivity with chlorine, particularly in groundwater samples. Despite the variability in DOM composition, novel DBPs with up to three halogen substituents are compositionally similar among all waters. These novel DBPs are positively correlated with trihalomethane and, to a lesser extent, the formation of haloacetonitriles. This suggests that some low molecular weight DBPs and novel DBPs detected via high-resolution mass spectrometry share similar aromatic precursors, providing evidence that low molecular weight DBPs are useful proxies for the formation of unknown, unidentified high molecular weight DBPs. Compared to Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), Orbitrap MS yields significantly fewer formula matches and appears to have a bias towards sulfur-containing formulas and against nitrogen-containing formulas. Additionally, the choice of calibration method is particularly important for the less powerful Orbitrap MS. The matched formulas yielded from Orbitrap MS tend to be more oxidized and less highly saturated than those yielded by FT-ICR MS. Despite these differences, the formulas produced by both instruments tend to yield similar relative differences between samples, suggesting that Orbitrap MS is an acceptable replacement for FT-ICR MS in some cases.
Book Synopsis Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments by : National Research Council
Download or read book Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-03 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment. The concept of bioavailability has recently piqued the interest of the hazardous waste industry as an important consideration in deciding how much waste to clean up. The rationale is that if contaminants in soil and sediment are not bioavailable, then more contaminant mass can be left in place without creating additional risk. A new NRC report notes that the potential for the consideration of bioavailability to influence decision-making is greatest where certain chemical, environmental, and regulatory factors align. The current use of bioavailability in risk assessment and hazardous waste cleanup regulations is demystified, and acceptable tools and models for bioavailability assessment are discussed and ranked according to seven criteria. Finally, the intimate link between bioavailability and bioremediation is explored. The report concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in the regulatory arena for both soil and sediment cleanup.
Book Synopsis Sediment Classification Methods Compendium by : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Sediment Oversight Technical Committee
Download or read book Sediment Classification Methods Compendium written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Sediment Oversight Technical Committee and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is a compendium of scientifically valid and accepted methods that can be used to assess sediment quality and predict ecological impacts...the intent here is to provide the most useful overall measures or predictors of ecological impacts currently in use rather than procedures that may have limited application outside of a particular regulatory framework... parag The information provided in the compendium on the relative strengths and weaknesses of the different assessment methods can provide assistance in selecting the appropriate methods.
Book Synopsis Biogeochemistry of Wetlands by : K. Ramesh Reddy
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Wetlands written by K. Ramesh Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-10 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods for Geochemical Analysis by : Philip A. Baedecker
Download or read book Methods for Geochemical Analysis written by Philip A. Baedecker and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical methods used in the Geologic Division laboratories of the U.S. Geological Survey for the inorganic chemical analysis of rock and mineral samples.
Book Synopsis Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater by : American Public Health Association
Download or read book Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater written by American Public Health Association and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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