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Browsing by Native Ungulates

Author : Charles Kay
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Browsing by Native Ungulates by : Charles Kay

Download or read book Browsing by Native Ungulates written by Charles Kay and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long-term grazing exclosures were used to compare browsed versus unbrowsed shrubs in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Deciduous shrubs protected from wild ungulates exhibited significantly greater canopy-cover, height, size, and volume than unprotected plants. Browsed shrub populations were dominated by significantly smaller plants than were unbrowsed populations. Protected shrubs increased in canopy-coverage and size while browsed plants remained static or declined. Ungulate browsing in recent times has virtually eliminated shrub seed production in areas frequented by wintering elk. Shrubs measured inside exclosures produced up to 20,000 times more berries than unprotected plants. Individual unprotected shrubs with a few stems beyond the reach of ungulates displayed a similar pattern. Stems above the browse height (2.5 m) produced an abundance of berries while none were produced on that portion of the plants exposed to browsing. Old photographs and historical journals indicate that tall shrubs and berries were common prior to park establishment, so the present lack of berries and the browsingstunted shrub growth form were not the conditions prevailing in pre-European times. The virtual elimination of shrub seed production over much of the ecosystem suggests that ungulate populations are not in equilibrium with their food resources, as required under the ?natural regulation? paradigm. These circumstances are not unique to Yellowstone. Similar situations exist in other Western States where wild ungulate numbers are at historical highs. At many locations, large populations of native ungulates are having dramatic impacts on shrub growth and seed production. Without adequate seed production and recruitment, existing plants are not replaced when they die, and plant populations cannot be in long-term equilibrium with herbivores or the environment. By reducing or eliminating seed production, native ungulates may render long-term shrub restoration ineffective. The impact of native ungulates should be carefully considered in the planning and implementation of all shrub revegetation projects.

Effects of Native Ungulates on the Shrubs in Big Sagebrush Communities in Yellowstone National Park

Author : Francis J. Singer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Native Ungulates on the Shrubs in Big Sagebrush Communities in Yellowstone National Park by : Francis J. Singer

Download or read book Effects of Native Ungulates on the Shrubs in Big Sagebrush Communities in Yellowstone National Park written by Francis J. Singer and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of elk (Cervus canadensis), pronghorn (Antilocapra antilocapra), and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) browsing on shrubs in big sagebrush (Artemesia tridentata) communities were evaluated through comparisons to fenced exclosures. Shrub transects inside of the exclosures (protected) and in adjacent grazed areas were sampled 1958-1990; production, heights, numbers, canopy area, and twig sized were sampled 1986-87 in grazed and protected sites. Big sagebrush utilization (percent leader use) averaged 86.8+- 7.2% on the lower elevation winter range pccupied by pronghorns, deer, elk (the Boundary Line Area or BLA portion of the winter range), and 11.3 +/- 4.1% on the higher elevation elk and bison winter range. Big sagebrush heights and cover increased on both grazed and protected sites on the elk-bison range, 1958-90; big sagebrush, green rabbitbrush (Chyrsothamnus viscidiflorus), and horsebrush (Tetradymia canescens) were taller and crown sizes were larger on protected sites. Seedling germination and survival rates for big sagebrush were higher on grazed sites (P0.05). No consistent difference was observed in percent dieback of big sagebrush adult plants due to grazing (P 0.05). Grazing did not influence the number of leaves or seedstalks per plant (P>0.05), but leaves averaged 45% longer and seedstalks averaged 42% longer on browsed big sagebrush (P0.05). Annual aboveground biomass production of big sagebrush did not differ between browsed and protected plants on the elk and bison winter range. Ungulate browsing, however, apparently suppressed production, germination, and survival of big sagebrush on the BLA. Numbers and cover of big sagebrush declined 43% and 29%, respectively, 1958-90, on grazed sites on the BLA, annual biomass production on grazed sites was only 6%-35% that of protected sites, and big sagebrush recruitment was less on grazed sites. Utilization of big sagebrush did not differ betwewen the 1962-69 period, on the BLA when pronghorn and elk numbers were reduced in comparison to the 1980's when ungulate tripled following cessation of controls (P0.05). HOwever, percent utilization of big sagebrush was significantly less on the higher range, 1962-69, when elk numbers were artificially reduced in comparison to the late 1980's.

Ecology and Conservation of Great Plains Vertebrates

Author : Fritz L. Knopf
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475727038
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecology and Conservation of Great Plains Vertebrates by : Fritz L. Knopf

Download or read book Ecology and Conservation of Great Plains Vertebrates written by Fritz L. Knopf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The frontier images of America embrace endless horizons, majestic herds of native ungulates, and romanticized life-styles of nomadie peoples. The images were mere reflections of vertebrates living in harmony in an ecosystem driven by the unpre dictable local and regional effects of drought, frre, and grazing. Those effects, often referred to as ecological "disturbanees," are rather the driving forces on which species depended to create the spatial and temporal heterogeneity that favored ecological prerequisites for survival. Alandscape viewed by European descendants as monotony interrupted only by extremes in weather and commonly referred to as the "Great American Desert," this country was to be rushed through and cursed, a barrier that hindered access to the deep soils of the Oregon country, the rich minerals of California and Colorado, and the religious freedom sought in Utah. Those who stayed (for lack of resources or stamina) spent a century trying to moderate the ecological dynamics of Great Plains prairies by suppressing fires, planting trees and exotic grasses, poisoning rodents, diverting waters, and homogenizing the dynamies of grazing with endless fences-all creating bound an otherwise boundless vista. aries in Historically, travelers and settlers referred to the area of tallgrasses along the western edge of the deciduous forest and extending midway across Kansas as the "True Prairie. " The grasses thlnned and became shorter to the west, an area known then as the Great Plains.

General Technical Report INT.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 738 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis General Technical Report INT. by :

Download or read book General Technical Report INT. written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Greater Yellowstone's Native Ungulates

Author : Joel Berger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Greater Yellowstone's Native Ungulates by : Joel Berger

Download or read book Greater Yellowstone's Native Ungulates written by Joel Berger and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At least three North American areas have been compared to Africa's Serengeti, probably because large concentrations of ungulates occur on both continents. Such comparisons are deceiving because the North American eco- systems harbor only about 15 to 25% of the ungulate species diversity found in the Serengeti. Migratory herbivores in both systems are confronted by ecological problems, including conflicts between people and wildlife once the herbivores move beyond park boundaries, and in the North American system, the loss of effective predators. The recent extinction of wolves from the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem masks any direct effect on large herbivore movements today, al- though more than half of the Yellowstone Park ungulates migrate regularly to habitats outside park boundaries. If vestiges of ecosystem-oriented processes are to be preserved, some type of vision coupled with effective, coordinated management must be adopted. This paper addresses one component of this issue, migrant ungulates and their habitats. Three specific points are made. (1) Comparisons between the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and Serengeti, while questionable ecologically, are heuristic and serve conservation goals. (2) Both the loss of predators and different federally imposed land-use mandates have altered patterns of herbivore migration, behavior, and habitat use. While consequences of these human-caused disturbances cannot be predicted precisely, sufficient data from comparable regions allow the development of probable scenarios. (3) Throughout different periods during the last 100 years a variety of plans called for formal interagency cooperation; none has been successful. Until managers and politicians become more cognizant of historical failures stemming from the lack of coordinated ecosystem management during the last century, the same mistakes are likely to plague future generations.

Proceedings, Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings, Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium by :

Download or read book Proceedings, Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Wild Land Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium

Author : Bruce A. Roundy
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0788130676
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (881 download)

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Book Synopsis Wild Land Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium by : Bruce A. Roundy

Download or read book Wild Land Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium written by Bruce A. Roundy and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1996-06 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative investigation of the biology and management of wildland shrubs. Focuses on the development of the science of restoration ecology. An in-depth look at the restoration and revegetation of even the most rare shrubs. Divided into six sections: overview, restoration and revegetation, ecology, genetic integrity, and management options. Dozens of charts, graphs, and photos.

Plant Invasions in Protected Areas

Author : Llewellyn C. Foxcroft
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400777507
Total Pages : 661 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Plant Invasions in Protected Areas by : Llewellyn C. Foxcroft

Download or read book Plant Invasions in Protected Areas written by Llewellyn C. Foxcroft and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive global review of all aspects of alien plant invasions in protected areas. It provides insights into advances in invasion ecology emanating from work in protected areas, and the link to locally relevant management support for protected areas. The book provides in-depth case studies, illuminating interesting and insightful knowledge that can be shared across the global protected area network. The book includes the collective understanding of 80 ecologists and managers to extract as much information as possible that will support the long-term management of protected areas, and the biodiversity and associated ecosystem services they maintain. “This outstanding volume draws together pretty much all that can be said on this topic, ranging from the science, through policy, to practical action”. Dr. Simon N. Stuart, IUCN Species Survival Commission, UK. "This important and timely volume addresses two of the most serious problems affecting biodiversity conservation today: assessing the extent to which protected areas are impacted by biological invasions and the complex problems of managing these impacts. Written by leading specialists, it provides a comprehensive overview of the issues and gives detailed examples drawn from protected areas across the world". Professor Vernon H. Heywood, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK

Fire, Native Peoples, and the Natural Landscape

Author : Thomas Vale
Publisher : Island Press
ISBN 13 : 1597266027
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (972 download)

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Book Synopsis Fire, Native Peoples, and the Natural Landscape by : Thomas Vale

Download or read book Fire, Native Peoples, and the Natural Landscape written by Thomas Vale and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-04-16 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For nearly two centuries, the creation myth for the United States imagined European settlers arriving on the shores of a vast, uncharted wilderness. Over the last two decades, however, a contrary vision has emerged, one which sees the country's roots not in a state of "pristine" nature but rather in a "human-modified landscape" over which native peoples exerted vast control. Fire, Native Peoples, and the Natural Landscape seeks a middle ground between those conflicting paradigms, offering a critical, research-based assessment of the role of Native Americans in modifying the landscapes of pre-European America. Contributors focus on the western United States and look at the question of fire regimes, the single human impact which could have altered the environment at a broad, landscape scale, and which could have been important in almost any part of the West. Each of the seven chapters is written by a different author about a different subregion of the West, evaluating the question of whether the fire regimes extant at the time of European contact were the product of natural factors or whether ignitions by Native Americans fundamentally changed those regimes. An introductory essay offers context for the regional chapters, and a concluding section compares results from the various regions and highlights patterns both common to the West as a whole and distinctive for various parts of the western states. The final section also relates the findings to policy questions concerning the management of natural areas, particularly on federal lands, and of the "naturalness" of the pre-European western landscape.

The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II

Author : Iain J. Gordon
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030258653
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II by : Iain J. Gordon

Download or read book The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II written by Iain J. Gordon and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-12 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Domestic and wild large mammalian herbivores occur on every continent except Antarctica. Through their browsing and grazing, they affect the structure and distribution not only of vegetation, but also of associated fauna. Consequently, the interactions between management practices and herbivore populations influence the biodiversity, structure and dynamics of ecosystems across vast expanses around the globe: signs of human activity that will be detectable for epochs to come. As a follow-up work to The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing, published in 2008, this new volume presents cutting-edge research on the behaviour, distribution, movement, and direct and indirect impacts of domestic and wild herbivores on terrestrial ecosystems. The respective chapters highlight strategic and applied research on cross-cutting issues in palaeontology and ecology, and provide concrete recommendations on the management of large herbivores to integrate production and conservation in terrestrial systems. Given its scope, the book will appeal to students, researchers and anyone interested in understanding these fascinating wild animals and how they shape the natural world.

Effects of Grazing by Wild Ungulates in Yellowstone National Park

Author : Francis J. Singer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Grazing by Wild Ungulates in Yellowstone National Park by : Francis J. Singer

Download or read book Effects of Grazing by Wild Ungulates in Yellowstone National Park written by Francis J. Singer and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Proceedings RMRS.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings RMRS. by :

Download or read book Proceedings RMRS. written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Browse Use of Native Shrubs by Introduced Ungulates on Santa Rosa Island, California

Author : Julie A. Christian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Browse Use of Native Shrubs by Introduced Ungulates on Santa Rosa Island, California by : Julie A. Christian

Download or read book Browse Use of Native Shrubs by Introduced Ungulates on Santa Rosa Island, California written by Julie A. Christian and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Ungulate Management in Europe

Author : Rory Putman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139500287
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)

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Book Synopsis Ungulate Management in Europe by : Rory Putman

Download or read book Ungulate Management in Europe written by Rory Putman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers a number of problems posed by ungulates and their management in Europe. Through a synthesis of the underlying biology and a comparison of the management techniques adopted in different countries, the book explores which management approaches seem effective - and in which circumstances. Experts in a number of different areas of applied wildlife biology review various management problems and alternative solutions, including the impact of large ungulates on agriculture, forestry and conservation habitats, the impact of disease and predation on ungulate populations and the involvement of ungulates in road traffic accidents and possible measures for mitigation. This book is directed at practising wildlife managers, those involved in research to improve methods of wildlife management, and policy-makers in local, regional and national administrations.

PLUMP, a Plume Predictor and Cloud Model for Fire Managers

Author : Don J. Latham
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 698 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis PLUMP, a Plume Predictor and Cloud Model for Fire Managers by : Don J. Latham

Download or read book PLUMP, a Plume Predictor and Cloud Model for Fire Managers written by Don J. Latham and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

USDA Forest Service Research Paper INT.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis USDA Forest Service Research Paper INT. by :

Download or read book USDA Forest Service Research Paper INT. written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Deerland

Author : Al Cambronne
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 0762793155
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (627 download)

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Book Synopsis Deerland by : Al Cambronne

Download or read book Deerland written by Al Cambronne and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2013-03-21 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1942 America fell in love with Bambi. But now, that love-affair has turned sour. Behind the unassuming grace and majesty of America’s whitetail deer is the laundry list of human health, social, and ecological problems that they cause. They destroy crops, threaten motorists, and spread Lyme disease all across the United States. In Deerland, Al Cambronne travels across the country, speaking to everybody from frustrated farmers, to camo-clad hunters, to humble deer-enthusiasts in order to get a better grasp of the whitetail situation. He discovers that the politics surrounding deer run surprisingly deep, with a burgeoning hunting infrastructure supported by state government and community businesses. Cambronne examines our history with the whitetail, pinpoints where our ecological problems began, and outlines the environmental disasters we can expect if our deer population continues to go unchecked. With over 30 million whitetail in the US, Deerland is a timely and insightful look at the ecological destruction being wrecked by this innocent and adored species. Cambronne asks tough questions about our enviroment’s future and makes the impact this invasion has on our own backyards.