Bringing Scanning Probe Microscopy up to Speed

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461551676
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Bringing Scanning Probe Microscopy up to Speed by : Stephen C. Minne

Download or read book Bringing Scanning Probe Microscopy up to Speed written by Stephen C. Minne and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing Scanning Probe Microscopy Up to Speed introduces the principles of scanning probe systems with particular emphasis on techniques for increasing speed. The authors include useful information on the characteristics and limitations of current state-of-the-art machines as well as the properties of the systems that will follow in the future. The basic approach is two-fold. First, fast scanning systems for single probes are treated and, second, systems with multiple probes operating in parallel are presented. The key components of the SPM are the mechanical microcantilever with integrated tip and the systems used to measure its deflection. In essence, the entire apparatus is devoted to moving the tip over a surface with a well-controlled force. The mechanical response of the actuator that governs the force is of the utmost importance since it determines the scanning speed. The mechanical response relates directly to the size of the actuator; smaller is faster. Traditional scanning probe microscopes rely on piezoelectric tubes of centimeter size to move the probe. In future scanning probe systems, the large actuators will be replaced with cantilevers where the actuators are integrated on the beam. These will be combined in arrays of multiple cantilevers with MEMS as the key technology for the fabrication process.

Scanning Probe Microscopy

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783030370916
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Scanning Probe Microscopy by : Ernst Meyer

Download or read book Scanning Probe Microscopy written by Ernst Meyer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-06-02 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by three leading experts in the field, this textbook describes and explains all aspects of the scanning probe microscopy. Emphasis is placed on the experimental design and procedures required to optimize the performance of the various methods. Scanning Probe Microscopy covers not only the physical principles behind scanning probe microscopy but also questions of instrumental designs, basic features of the different imaging modes, and recurring artifacts. The intention is to provide a general textbook for all types of classes that address scanning probe microscopy. Third year undergraduates and beyond should be able to use it for self-study or as textbook to accompany a course on probe microscopy. Furthermore, it will be valuable as reference book in any scanning probe microscopy laboratory. Novel applications and the latest important results are also presented, and the book closes with a look at the future prospects of scanning probe microscopy, also discussing related techniques in nanoscience. Ideally suited as an introduction for graduate students, the book will also serve as a valuable reference for practising researchers developing and using scanning probe techniques.

Applied Scanning Probe Methods V

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540373160
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Applied Scanning Probe Methods V by : Bharat Bhushan

Download or read book Applied Scanning Probe Methods V written by Bharat Bhushan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-04 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volumes V, VI and VII will examine the physical and technical foundation for recent progress in applied scanning probe techniques. These volumes constitute a timely comprehensive overview of SPM applications. This is the first book summarizing the state-of-the-art of this technique. The chapters are written by leading researchers and application scientists from all over the world and from various industries to provide a broader perspective.

Scanning Probe Lithography

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475733313
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Scanning Probe Lithography by : Hyongsok T. Soh

Download or read book Scanning Probe Lithography written by Hyongsok T. Soh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scanning Probe Lithography (SPL) describes recent advances in the field of scanning probe lithography, a high resolution patterning technique that uses a sharp tip in close proximity to a sample to pattern nanometer-scale features on the sample. SPL is capable of patterning sub-30nm features with nanometer-scale alignment registration. It is a relatively simple, inexpensive, reliable method for patterning nanometer-scale features on various substrates. It has potential applications for nanometer-scale research, for maskless semiconductor lithography, and for photomask patterning. The authors of this book have been key players in this exciting new field. Calvin Quate has been involved since the beginning in the early 1980s and leads the research time that is regarded as the foremost group in this field. Hyongsok Tom Soh and Kathryn Wilder Guarini have been the members of this group who, in the last few years, have brought about remarkable series of advances in SPM lithography. Some of these advances have been in the control of the tip which has allowed the scanning speed to be increased from mum/second to mm/second. Both non-contact and in-contact writing have been demonstrated as has controlled writing of sub-100 nm lines over large steps on the substrate surface. The engineering of a custom-designed MOSFET built into each microcantilever for individual current control is another notable achievement. Micromachined arrays of probes each with individual control have been demonstrated. One of the most intriguing new aspects is the use of directly-grown carbon nanotubes as robust, high-resolution emitters. In this book the authors concisely and authoritatively describe the historical context, the relevant inventions, and the prospects for eventual manufacturing use of this exciting new technology.

Atomic Force Microscopy for Biologists

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Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 190897821X
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Atomic Force Microscopy for Biologists by : Victor J Morris

Download or read book Atomic Force Microscopy for Biologists written by Victor J Morris and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009-08-11 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is part of a range of emerging microscopic methods for biologists which offer the magnification range of both the light and electron microscope, but allow imaging under the "natural" conditions usually associated with the light microscope. To biologists, AFM offers the prospect of high resolution images of biological material, images of molecules and their interactions even under physiological conditions, and the study of molecular processes in living systems. This book provides a realistic appreciation of the advantages and limitations of the technique and the present and future potential for improving the understanding of biological systems. The second edition of this bestseller has been updated to describe the latest developments in this exciting field, including a brand new chapter on force spectroscopy. The dramatic developments of AFM over the past ten years from a simple imaging tool to the multi-faceted, nano-manipulating technique that it is today are conveyed in a lively and informative narrative, which provides essential reading for students and experienced researchers alike. Contents:ApparatusBasic PrinciplesMacromoleculesInterfacial SystemsOrdered MacromoleculesCells, Tissue and BiomineralsOther Probe MicroscopesForce Spectroscopy Readership: Undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in biophysics. Keywords:AFM;Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM);Biophysics;Cells;Macromolecules;Imaging;Biopolymers;Interfaces;DNA;PhospholipidsKey Features:Over 70 new pages, 700 new references, bringing it bang up-to-date with current literature, and 24 new figuresOnly book covering published research, machines and methodology from inception to the present day (2009)Updated to include and an entirely new chapter on force spectroscopyReviews:“This second edition of an excellent book updates considerably the information contained, and is expanded, too. The main focus of this book are the biological applications of AFM, and these are covered very well … The chapters are in-depth and very informative, and contain lots of useful and detailed information. In general the book is well written with an informal style, and contains useful information for beginners, including detailed information on how to carry out some experiments, answers to common questions, etc. … Overall this book is highly recommended for those wishing to get an overview of the biological applications of AFM.”Peter Eaton University of Porto, Portugal Reviews of the First Edition “This book fills an important niche by providing an introduction to AFM that will be understandable to a wide range of scientists … the reader is offered an introduction of sufficient brevity to actually be read and of sufficient depth to help in defining the potential uses of SPMs in his or her own research.” Scott Fraser (California Institute of Technology, USA) Nature Cell Biology “I found this book easy to read with clear, simple explanations of a complex topic. I think that the selection of the subjects treated in the book is sufficient for the non-specialist to understand both the basic concepts of the AFM and the production of AFM images in biological systems.”Microscopy and Analysis “… is an excellent introduction for anybody wishing to enter this field … In summary I would strongly recommend this book to any biologist planning on carrying out research using SPM imaging techniques and existing users in the field who wish to broaden their knowledge of SPM imaging and the research already carried out on common biological systems.”Drew Murray JPK Instruments, Berlin “This book provides an excellent survey of novel applications. It is nicely illustrated with numerous images from leading experts in the field. Clear descriptions of the apparatus and its basic principles are provided in a way accessible to students/scientists who do not have a strong physics background. It will be useful to biologists, but also non-biologists dealing with biosystems …”Prof Y F Dufrêne UCL, Belgium

Nanoscience

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540286179
Total Pages : 840 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanoscience by : Claire Dupas

Download or read book Nanoscience written by Claire Dupas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-13 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practically-oriented overview of nanotechnologies and nanosciences is designed to provide students and researchers with essential information on both the tools of manufacture and specific features of the nanometric scale. Specific applications and techniques covered include nanolithography, STM and AFM, nanowires and supramolecules, molecular electronics, pptronics, and simulation. Each section devotes space to industrial applications and prospective developments. The book provides the only pedagogical review on major nanosciences topics at this level.

Procedures in Scanning Probe Microscopies

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 682 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Procedures in Scanning Probe Microscopies by : Richard J. Colton

Download or read book Procedures in Scanning Probe Microscopies written by Richard J. Colton and published by . This book was released on 1998-08-21 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Procedures in Scanning Probe Microscopies Edited by R J Colton, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, USA A Engel, Biocenter, Basel University, Switzerland J Frommer, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA H E Gaub, Technical University, Munich, Germany A A Gewirth, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA R Guckenberger, Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany W Heckl, Ludwig Maximillians University, Munich, Germany B Parkinson, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA J Rabe, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany Scanning Probe Microscopies (SPM) are revolutionising scientific discovery in diverse disciplines including organic, inorganic and physical chemistry, polymer and materials science, biological and medical systems, electrochemistry and nanotechnology. In this collection of protocols, Procedures in Scanning Probe Microscopies will enable you to: * Build confidence in using SPM * Maximise the potential of your SPM instrumentation * Extend your skill levels The only applications-orientated guide, Procedures in Scanning Probe Microscopies covers scanning tunnelling microscopy, atomic force microscopy and electrochemical methods.

The Polysiloxanes

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190266457
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Polysiloxanes by : James E. Mark

Download or read book The Polysiloxanes written by James E. Mark and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-11 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polysiloxanes are the most studied inorganic and semi-inorganic polymers because of their many medical and commercial uses. The Si-O backbone endows polysiloxanes with intriguing properties: the strength of the Si-O bond imparts considerable thermal stability, and the nature of the bonding imparts low surface free energy. Prostheses, artificial organs, objects for facial reconstruction, vitreous substitutes in the eyes, and tubing take advantage of the stability and pliability of polysiloxanes. Artificial skin, contact lenses, and drug delivery systems utilize their high permeability. Such biomedical applications have led to biocompatibility studies on the interactions of polysiloxanes with proteins, and there has been interest in modifying these materials to improve their suitability for general biomedical application. Polysiloxanes examines novel aspects of polysiloxane science and engineering, including properties, work in progress, and important unsolved problems. The volume, with ten comprehensive chapters, examines the history, preparation and analysis, synthesis, characterization, and applications of these polymeric materials.

CMOS Cantilever Sensor Systems

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662050609
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis CMOS Cantilever Sensor Systems by : D. Lange

Download or read book CMOS Cantilever Sensor Systems written by D. Lange and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended for scientists and engineers in the field of micro- and nano electro-mechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) and introduces the development of cantilever-based sensor systems using CMOS-compatible micromachining from the design concepts and simulations to the prototype. It is also a useful resource for researchers on cantilever sensors and resonant sensors in general The reader will become familiar with the potential of the combination of two technological approaches: IC fabrication technology, notably CMOS technology, and silicon micromachining and the resulting microstructures such as cantilever beams. It was recognized early that these two technologies should be merged in order to make the microstructures smart and devise integrated microsystems with on-chip driving and signal conditioning circuitry - now known as CMOS MEMS or, with the arrival of nanostructures, CMOS NEMS. One way to achieve the merger is the post-processing micro- or nano- machining of finished CMOS wafers, some of which is described in this book. The book introduces this approach based on work carried out at the Physical Electronics Laboratory of ETH Zurich on arrays of cantilever transducers with on-chip driving and signal conditioning circuitry. These cantilevers are familiar from Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) and allow the sensitive detection of phys ical quantities such as forces and mass changes. The book is divided into three parts. First, general aspects of cantilever resona tors are introduced, e. g. their resonant behavior and possible driving and sensing mechanisms.

Heat Convection in Micro Ducts

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 147573607X
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Heat Convection in Micro Ducts by : Yitshak Zohar

Download or read book Heat Convection in Micro Ducts written by Yitshak Zohar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the field of Microsystems expands into more disciplines and new applications such as RF-MEMS, Optical MEMS and Bio-MEMS, thermal management is becoming a critical issue in the operation of many microdevices, including microelectronic chips. Heat Convection in Micro Ducts focuses on the fundamental physics of convective heat transfer in microscale and specific applications such as: microchannel heat sinks, micro heat pipes, microcoolers and micro capillary pumped loops. This book will be of interest to the professional engineer and graduate student interested in learning about heat removal and temperature control in advanced integrated circuits and microelectromechanical systems.

Micromachined Mirrors

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475737645
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Micromachined Mirrors by : Robert Conant

Download or read book Micromachined Mirrors written by Robert Conant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micromachined Mirrors provides an overview of the performance enhancements that will be realized by miniaturizing scanning mirrors like those used for laser printers and barcode scanners, and the newly enabled applications, including raster-scanning projection video displays and compact, high-speed fiber-optic components. There are a wide variety of methods used to fabricate micromachined mirrors - each with its advantages and disadvantages. There are, however, performance criteria common to mirrors made from any of these fabrication processes. For example, optical resolution is related to the mirror aperture, the mirror flatness, and the scan angle. Micromachined Mirrors provides a framework for the design of micromirrors, and derives equations showing the fundamental limits for micromirror performance. These limits provide the micromirror designer tools with which to determine the acceptable mirror geometries, and to quickly and easily determine the range of possible mirror optical resolution and scan speed.

Optimal Synthesis Methods for MEMS

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461504872
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimal Synthesis Methods for MEMS by : S.G.K. Ananthasuresh

Download or read book Optimal Synthesis Methods for MEMS written by S.G.K. Ananthasuresh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of "microelectromechanical systems," or "MEMS," has gradually evolved from a "discipline" populated by a small group of researchers to an "enabling technology" supporting a variety of products in such diverse areas as mechanical and inertial sensors, optical projection displays, telecommunications equipment, and biology and medicine. Critical to the success of these products is the ability to design them, and this invariably involves detailed modeling of proposed designs. Over the past twenty years, such modeling has become increasingly sophisticated, with full suites of MEMS-oriented computer-aided-design tools now available worldwide. But there is another equally important side to the design process In my own book, Microsystem figuring out what to build in the first place. Design, I chose to emphasize the modeling aspect of design. The task of figuring out what to build was defined by a vague step called "creative thinking." I used practical product examples to illustrate the many subtle characteristics of successful designs, but I made no attempt to systematize the generation ofdesign proposals or optimized designs. That systemization is called "synthesis," which is the subjectofthis book.

Materials & Process Integration for MEMS

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475757913
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Materials & Process Integration for MEMS by : Francis E. H. Tay

Download or read book Materials & Process Integration for MEMS written by Francis E. H. Tay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of materials and process integration for MEMS research has an extensive past as well as a long and promising future. Researchers, academicians and engineers from around the world are increasingly devoting their efforts on the materials and process integration issues and opportunities in MEMS devices. These efforts are crucial to sustain the long-term growth of the MEMS field. The commercial MEMS community is heavily driven by the push for profitable and sustainable products. In the course of establishing high volume and low-cost production processes, the critical importance of materials properties, behaviors, reliability, reproducibility, and predictability, as well as process integration of compatible materials systems become apparent. Although standard IC fabrication steps, particularly lithographic techniques, are leveraged heavily in the creation of MEMS devices, additional customized and novel micromachining techniques are needed to develop sophisticated MEMS structures. One of the most common techniques is bulk micromachining, by which micromechanical structures are created by etching into the bulk of the substrates with either anisotropic etching with strong alk:ali solution or deep reactive-ion etching (DRIB). The second common technique is surface micromachining, by which planar microstructures are created by sequential deposition and etching of thin films on the surface of the substrate, followed by a fmal removal of sacrificial layers to release suspended structures. Other techniques include deep lithography and plating to create metal structures with high aspect ratios (LIGA), micro electrodischarge machining (J.

Microfluidics and BioMEMS Applications

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475735340
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Microfluidics and BioMEMS Applications by : Francis E. H. Tay

Download or read book Microfluidics and BioMEMS Applications written by Francis E. H. Tay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microfluidics and BioMEMS Applications central idea is on microfluidics, a relatively new research field which finds its niche in biomedical devices, especially on lab-on-a-chip and related products. Being the essential component in providing driving fluidic flows, an example of micropump is chosen to illustrate a complete cycle in development of microfluidic devices which include literature review, designing and modelling, fabrication and testing. A few articles are included to demonstrate the idea of tackling this research problem, and they cover the main development scope discussed earlier as well as other advanced modelling schemes for microfluidics and beyond. Scientists and students working in the areas of MEMS and microfluidics will benefit from this book, which may serve both communities as both a reference monograph and a textbook for courses in numerical simulation, and design and development of microfluidic devices.

Optical Microscanners and Microspectrometers using Thermal Bimorph Actuators

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475760833
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Microscanners and Microspectrometers using Thermal Bimorph Actuators by : Gerhard Lammel

Download or read book Optical Microscanners and Microspectrometers using Thermal Bimorph Actuators written by Gerhard Lammel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Microscanners and Microspectrometers using Thermal Bimorph Actuators shows how to design and fabricate optical microsystems using innovative technologies and and original architectures. A barcode scanner, laser projection mirror and a microspectrometer are explained in detail, starting from the system conception, discussing simulations, choice of cleanroom technologies, design, fabrication, device test, packaging all the way to the system assembly. An advanced microscanning device capable of one- and two-dimensional scanning can be integrated in a compact barcode scanning system composed of a laser diode and adapted optics. The original design of the microscanner combines efficiently the miniaturized thermal mechanical actuator and the reflecting mirror, providing a one-dimensional scanning or an unique combination of two movements, depending on the geometry. The simplicity of the device makes it a competitive component. The authors rethink the design of a miniaturized optical device and find a compact solution for a microspectrometer, based on a tunable filter and a single pixel detector. A porous silicon technology combines efficiently the optical filter function with a thermal mechanical actuator on chip. The methodology for design and process calibration are discussed in detail. The device is the core component of an infrared gas spectrometer.

Microscale Heat Conduction in Integrated Circuits and Their Constituent Films

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461552117
Total Pages : 115 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Microscale Heat Conduction in Integrated Circuits and Their Constituent Films by : Y. Sungtaek Ju

Download or read book Microscale Heat Conduction in Integrated Circuits and Their Constituent Films written by Y. Sungtaek Ju and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of thermal phenomena in microdevices has attracted significant attention recently. The interdisciplinary nature of this topic, however, makes it very difficult for researchers to fully understand details of research results presented in journal articles. For many researchers intending to be active in this field, therefore, a more comprehensive treatment, complete with sufficient background information, is urgently needed. Advances in semiconductor device technology render the thermal characterization and design of ICs increasingly more important. The present book discusses experimental and theoretical studies of heat transfer in transistors and interconnects. A novel optical thermometry technique captures temperature fields with high temporal and spatial failures in devices that are subjected to electrical overstress (EOS) and electrostatic discharge (ESD). Also reported are techniques for determining the thermal transport properties of dielectric passivation layers and ultra-thin silicon-on-insulator (SOI) layers. Theoretical analysis on the data yields insight into the dependence of thermal properties on film processing conditions. The techniques and data presented here will greatly aid the thermal engineering of interconnects and transistors.

Microfabrication in Tissue Engineering and Bioartificial Organs

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461552354
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Microfabrication in Tissue Engineering and Bioartificial Organs by : Sangeeta N. Bhatia

Download or read book Microfabrication in Tissue Engineering and Bioartificial Organs written by Sangeeta N. Bhatia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Microsystems Series has as its goal the creation of an outstanding set of textbooks, references, and monographs on subjects that span the broad field of microsystems. Exceptional PhD dissertations provide a good starting point for such a series, because, unlike monographs by more senior authors, which must compete with other professional duties for attention, the dissertation becomes the sole focus of the author until it is completed. Conversion to book form is then a streamlined process, with final editing and book production completed within a few months. Thus we are able to bring important and timely material into book form at a pace which tracks this rapidly developing field. Our first four books in the series were drawn from the more physics-oriented side of the microsystems field, including such diverse subjects as computer-aided design, atomic-force microscopy, and ultrasonic motion detection. Now, with Sangeeta Bhatia's work, we enter the realm of biology. Her use of artifically structured substrates to encourage the liver cells to form orderly assemblies is a fine example of how microfabrication technology can contribute to cell biology and medicine. I am pleased to be able to add this very new and very interesting work to the Microsystems Series. Stephen D. Senturia Cambridge MA Microfabrication in Tissue Engineering and Bioartificial Organs Foreword One of the emerging applications of microsystems technology in biology and medicine is in the field of tissue engineering and artificial organs. In order to function, cells need to receive proper signals from their environment.