The Carbon Cycle

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521018623
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis The Carbon Cycle by : T. M. L. Wigley

Download or read book The Carbon Cycle written by T. M. L. Wigley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-08-22 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is imperative to stabilizing our future climate. Our ability to reduce these emissions combined with an understanding of how much fossil-fuel-derived CO2 the oceans and plants can absorb is central to mitigating climate change. In The Carbon Cycle, leading scientists examine how atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have changed in the past and how this may affect the concentrations in the future. They look at the carbon budget and the "missing sink" for carbon dioxide. They offer approaches to modeling the carbon cycle, providing mathematical tools for predicting future levels of carbon dioxide. This comprehensive text incorporates findings from the recent IPCC reports. New insights, and a convergence of ideas and views across several disciplines make this book an important contribution to the global change literature.

Global Biogeochemical Cycles in the Climate System

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080507409
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Biogeochemical Cycles in the Climate System by : Ernst-Detlef Schulze

Download or read book Global Biogeochemical Cycles in the Climate System written by Ernst-Detlef Schulze and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-08-10 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interactions of biogeochemical cycles influence and maintain our climate system. Land use and fossil fuel emissions are currently impacting the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur on land, in the atmosphere, and in the oceans.This edited volume brings together 27 scholarly contributions on the state of our knowledge of earth system interactions among the oceans, land, and atmosphere. A unique feature of this treatment is the focus on the paleoclimatic and paleobiotic context for investigating these complex interrelationships.* Eight-page colour insert to highlight the latest research* A unique feature of this treatment is the focus on the paleoclimatic context for investigating these complex interrelationships.

Geosphere-Biosphere Interactions and Climate

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521782388
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (823 download)

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Book Synopsis Geosphere-Biosphere Interactions and Climate by : Lennart Bengtsson

Download or read book Geosphere-Biosphere Interactions and Climate written by Lennart Bengtsson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-10-29 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description

Modeling Carbon Fluxes, Net Primary Production and Light Utilization in Boreal Forest Stands

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Publisher : Universal-Publishers
ISBN 13 : 0965856453
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (658 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling Carbon Fluxes, Net Primary Production and Light Utilization in Boreal Forest Stands by : Scott J. Goetz

Download or read book Modeling Carbon Fluxes, Net Primary Production and Light Utilization in Boreal Forest Stands written by Scott J. Goetz and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 1997-08 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of satellite remote sensing for modeling net primary production (NPP) was evaluated in sixty boreal forest stands spanning a range of site conditions. The work included: (i) estimating annual phenological dynamics and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception with remotely sensed spectral measurements, (ii) linking annually absorbed PAR (APAR) to measured NPP and quantifying variability in light use efficiency ("En"), (iii) evaluating sources of variability in "En" via mechanistic modeling of ecophysiology and associated carbon fluxes, particularly through analyses of respiratory carbon costs in relation to assimilation gains (the R: A ratio), (iv) assessing generalization of the results through an investigation of the evidence for evolutionary convergence in "En", the R: A ratio and assimilation per unit APAR (Eg). The analyses showed that observed variability in "En" reflects a decoupling of PAR harvesting and utilization, primarily as a result of differences in the R: A ratio. Links between "En", the R: A ratio and standing above-ground biomass were related to differences the carbon (energy) costs associated with synthesis and maintenance of plant constituents, and longevity (i.e. the payback period on investment in carbon gain). Estimating the R: A ratio from above-ground biomass, in order to compensate for variability in "En", was found to be problematic owing primarily to covariation of R and A with the amount of respiring biomass (i.e. sapwood and foliage). The analyses also showed that the differences in carbon costs between functional types (plants with related life history traits) resulted in convergence on "Eg" rather than en. Variability in "Eg" was, however, introduced by stomatal control at some stressed sites. These findings were supported by the remote sensing and simulation modeling results, and the synthesis of work related to evolutionary ecology. The primary conclusions are that variability in light utilization in these boreal forest stands was determined largely by respiratory carbon costs, and that NPP models based on light harvesting require augmentation with terms that reflect PAR utilization. Possible methods to address these issues, and their implications for NPP modeling over large areas, are discussed.

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems, February 5-9, 1996, Riverside, California

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the International Symposium on Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems, February 5-9, 1996, Riverside, California by :

Download or read book Proceedings of the International Symposium on Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems, February 5-9, 1996, Riverside, California written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Vegetation Dynamics & Global Change

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146152816X
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Vegetation Dynamics & Global Change by : Allen M. Solomon

Download or read book Vegetation Dynamics & Global Change written by Allen M. Solomon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the summer of 1987, a series of discussions I was held at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (nASA) in Laxenburg, Austria, to plan a study of global vegetation change. The work was aimed at promoting the Interna tional Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), sponsored by the International Council of Scientific Unions (lCSU), of which nASA is a member. Our study was designed to provide initial guidance in the choice of approaches, data sets and objectives for constructing global models of the terrestrial biosphere. We hoped to provide substantive and concrete assistance in formulating the working plans of IGBP by involving program planners in the development and application of models which were assembled from available data sets and modeling ap proaches. Recent acceptance of the "nASA model" as the starting point for endeavors of the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems Core Project of the IGBP suggests we were successful in that aim. The objective was implemented by our initiation of a mathematical model of global vegetation, including agriculture, as defined by the forces which control and change vegetation. The model was to illustrate the geographical consequences to vegetation structure and functioning of changing climate and land use, based on plant responses to environmental variables. The completed model was also expected to be useful for examining international environmental policy responses to global change, as well as for studying the validity of IIASA's experimental approaches to environmental policy development.

Biogeochemistry

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123858747
Total Pages : 689 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Biogeochemistry by : W.H. Schlesinger

Download or read book Biogeochemistry written by W.H. Schlesinger and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-01-14 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past 4 billion years, the chemistry of the Earth's surface, where all life exists, has changed remarkably. Historically, these changes have occurred slowly enough to allow life to adapt and evolve. In more recent times, the chemistry of the Earth is being altered at a staggering rate, fueled by industrialization and an ever-growing human population. Human activities, from the rapid consumption of resources to the destruction of the rainforests and the expansion of smog-covered cities, are all leading to rapid changes in the basic chemistry of the Earth. The Third Edition of Biogeochemistry considers the effects of life on the Earth's chemistry on a global level. This expansive text employs current technology to help students extrapolate small-scale examples to the global level, and also discusses the instrumentation being used by NASA and its role in studies of global change. With the Earth's changing chemistry as the focus, this text pulls together the many disparate fields that are encompassed by the broad reach of biogeochemistry. With extensive cross-referencing of chapters, figures, and tables, and an interdisciplinary coverage of the topic at hand, this text will provide an excellent framework for courses examining global change and environmental chemistry, and will also be a useful self-study guide. Emphasizes the effects of life on the basic chemistry of the atmosphere, the soils, and seawaters of the EarthCalculates and compares the effects of industrial emissions, land clearing, agriculture, and rising population on Earth's chemistrySynthesizes the global cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur, and suggests the best current budgets for atmospheric gases such as ammonia, nitrous oxide, dimethyl sulfide, and carbonyl sulfideIncludes an extensive review and up-to-date synthesis of the current literature on the Earth's biogeochemistry.

Carbon Dioxide Mitigation in Forestry and Wood Industry

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662036088
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Carbon Dioxide Mitigation in Forestry and Wood Industry by : Gundolf H. Kohlmaier

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Mitigation in Forestry and Wood Industry written by Gundolf H. Kohlmaier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has recently summarized the state ofthe art in research on climate change (Climate Change 1995). The most up to date research findings have been divided into three volumes: • the Science ofClimate Change (working group I), • the Impacts, Adaption and Mitigation of Climate Change (working group II), and • the Economic and Social Dimensions ofClimate Change (working group III) There is a general consensus that a serious change in climate can only be avoided if the future emissions of greenhouse gases are reduced considerably from the business as usual projection and if at the same time the natural sinks for greenhouse gases, in particular that of CO , are maintained at the present level or 2 preferrably increased. Forests, forestry and forestry industry are important parts of the global carbon cycle and therefore they are also part of the mitigation potentials in at least a threefold way: 1. During the time period between 1980 and 1989 there was a net emission of CO from changes in tropical land use (mostly tropical deforestation) of 2 1. 6 +/- 1 GtC/a, but at the same time it was estimated that the forests in the northem hemisphere have taken up 0. 5 +/- 0. 5 GtC/a and additionally other terrestrial sinks (including tropical forests where no clearing took place) have been a carbon sink ofthe order of l. 3 +/- l.

Energy Research Abstracts

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 644 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Research Abstracts by :

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521619738
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest by : Herman H. Shugart

Download or read book A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest written by Herman H. Shugart and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-03-07 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's boreal forests, which lie to the south of the Arctic, are considered to be the Earth's most significant terrestrial ecosystems. A panel of ecologists here provide a synthesis of the important patterns and processes which occur in boreal forests and review the principal mechanisms which control the forest's patterns.

General Technical Report PSW.

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 596 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis General Technical Report PSW. by :

Download or read book General Technical Report PSW. written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Integrated Regional Models

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468464477
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrated Regional Models by : Peter Groffman

Download or read book Integrated Regional Models written by Peter Groffman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated regional models are conceptual and mathematical models that describe the physical environment, biological interactions, human decision-making, and human impact on the environment. Efforts are now being made to integrate regional models from the physical, biological and social sciences in order to respond to diverse environmental problems. This volume explores the latest research developments on processes operating at a variety of scales, including regions, and how scientists can combine their efforts to develop models linking biological, physical, and human systems. Data requirements for successful integrated regional models are identified and discussed. Chapters also consider methodological questions, such as whether to integrate disciplinary approaches at the beginning or the end of the modelling process, and whether integrated regional models should focus on specific regions or specific problems. The information in this volume will enable the reader to view problems such as coastal zone management, atmospheric pollution, non-point source pollution, commodity production in forested areas, and urban expansion in a broad, conceptual context. Researchers and graduate students in ecology, biology, geography and geology will benefit from this innovative approach to contemporary environmental problems.

Global Change and Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461222400
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Change and Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems by : Walter C. Oechel

Download or read book Global Change and Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems written by Walter C. Oechel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global warming is likely to have the greatest impact at high latitudes, making the Arctic an important region both for detecting global climate change and for studying its effects on terrestrial ecosystems. The chapters in this volume address current and anticipated impacts of global climate change on Arctic organisms, populations, ecosystem structure and function, biological diversity, and the atmosphere.

Earth System Analysis

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642523544
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Earth System Analysis by : Hans-Joachim Schellnhuber

Download or read book Earth System Analysis written by Hans-Joachim Schellnhuber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since this new science is of an unprecedented interdisciplinary nature, the book does not merely take stock of its numerous ingredients, but also delivers their multifaceted integration. The resulting master paradigm - the co-evolution of nature and anthroposphere within a geo-cybernetic continuum of processes - is based on a structured manifold of partial paradigms with their specific ranges. Most importantly, this serves the scientific foundation of a meaningful, safe and efficient environment and development management for solving the most burning questions concerning humankind and its natural environment. The more concrete elucidation of the natural and human dimensions, as well as various attempts and instruments of integration are represented in the different parts of the book, while the didactic quality is heightened by many allegoric illustrations.

Soils and Global Change

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781566701181
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Soils and Global Change by : John M. Kimble

Download or read book Soils and Global Change written by John M. Kimble and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-03-23 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pedosphere - the thin mantel of soil on the earth's surface - plays a potentially crucial role in climate and climate change . The carbon storage of soils is the second largest in the biosphere, making the dynamics of soil organic carbon an important issue that must be understood if we are to fully comprehend global change. This new book examines the importance of soils and their relationship to global change, specifically to the greenhouse effect. Soils and Global Change presents a state-of-the-art compendium of our present knowledge of soils. This up-to-date information source enables readers to delve into the literature about soils and climate change and examine soils in both natural and managed environments.

Earth System Science

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080530648
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Earth System Science by : Michael Jacobson

Download or read book Earth System Science written by Michael Jacobson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2000-03-08 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, the study of cycles as a model for the earth's changing climate has become a new science. Earth Systems Science is the basis for understanding all aspects of anthropogenic global change, such as chemically forced global climate change. The work is aimed at those students interested in the emerging scientific discipline.Earth Systems Science is an integrated discipline that has been rapidly developing over the last two decades. New information is included in this updated edition so that the text remains relevant. This volume contains five new chapters, but of special importance is the inclusion of an expanded set of student exercises.The two senior authors are leading scientists in their fields and have been awarded numerous prizes for their research efforts.* First edition was widely adopted* Authors are highly respected in their field* Global climate change, integral to the book, is now one of the most important issues in atmospheric sciences and oceanography

Ecological Climatology

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521804769
Total Pages : 740 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecological Climatology by : Gordon B. Bonan

Download or read book Ecological Climatology written by Gordon B. Bonan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-06-13 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrates aspects of ecology and climatology to examine the effect of land-use on climate change.