Boiling Temperature and Reversed Deliquescence Relative Humidity Measurements for Mineral Assemblages in the NaCl + NaNO3 + KNO3 + Ca(NO3)2 + H2O System

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)

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Book Synopsis Boiling Temperature and Reversed Deliquescence Relative Humidity Measurements for Mineral Assemblages in the NaCl + NaNO3 + KNO3 + Ca(NO3)2 + H2O System by :

Download or read book Boiling Temperature and Reversed Deliquescence Relative Humidity Measurements for Mineral Assemblages in the NaCl + NaNO3 + KNO3 + Ca(NO3)2 + H2O System written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boiling temperature measurements have been made at ambient pressure for saturated ternary solutions of NaCl + KNO3 + H2O, NaNO3 + KNO3 + H2O, and NaCl + Ca(NO3)2 + H2O over the full composition range, along with those of the single salt systems. Boiling temperatures were also measured for the four component NaCl + NaNO3 + KNO3 + H2O and five component NaCl + NaNO3 + KNO3 + Ca(NO3)2 + H2O mixtures, where the solute mole fraction of Ca(NO3)2, x(Ca(NO3)2), was varied between 0 and 0.25. The maximum boiling temperature found for the NaCl + KNO3 + H2O system is ≈ 134.9 C; for the NaNO3 + KNO3 + H2O system is ≈ 165.1 C at x(NaNO3) ≈ 0.46 and x(KNO3) ≈ 0.54; and for the NaCl + Ca(NO3)2 + H2O system is 164.7 ± 0.6 C at x(NaCl) ≈ 0.25 and x(Ca(NO3)2) ≈ 0.75. The NaCl + NaNO3 + KNO3 + Ca(NO3)2 + H2O system forms molten salts below their maximum boiling temperatures, and the temperatures corresponding to the cessation of boiling (dry out temperatures) of these liquid mixtures were determined. These dry out temperatures range from ≈ 300 C when x(Ca(NO3)2) = 0 to ≥ 400 C when x(Ca(NO3)2) = 0.20 and 0.25. Mutual deliquescence/efflorescence relative humidity (MDRH/MERH) measurements were also made for the NaNO3 + KNO3 and NaCl + NaNO3 + KNO3 salt mixture from 120 to 180 C at ambient pressure. The NaNO3 and NaCl + NaNO3 + KNO3 salt mixture has a MDRH of 26.4% at 120 C and 20.0% at 150 C. This salt mixture also absorbs water at 180 C, which is higher than expected from the boiling temperature experiments. The NaCl + NaNO3 + KNO3 salt mixture was found to have a MDRH of 25.9% at 120 C and 10.5% at 180 C. The investigated mixture compositions correspond to some of the major mineral assemblages that are predicted to control brine composition due to the deliquescence of salts formed in dust deposited on waste canisters in the proposed nuclear repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada.

Report to the U.S. Congress and the U.S. Secretary of Energy

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Report to the U.S. Congress and the U.S. Secretary of Energy by : United States. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board

Download or read book Report to the U.S. Congress and the U.S. Secretary of Energy written by United States. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board and published by . This book was released on 2006-03 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Proceedings of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference--2006: Operations, applications, and components

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 730 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference--2006: Operations, applications, and components by :

Download or read book Proceedings of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference--2006: Operations, applications, and components written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Deliquescence of NaCl-NaNO3, KNO3-NaNO3, and NaCl-KNO3 Salt Mixtures From 90 to 120?C.

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Deliquescence of NaCl-NaNO3, KNO3-NaNO3, and NaCl-KNO3 Salt Mixtures From 90 to 120?C. by :

Download or read book Deliquescence of NaCl-NaNO3, KNO3-NaNO3, and NaCl-KNO3 Salt Mixtures From 90 to 120?C. written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We conducted reversed deliquescence experiments in saturated NaCl-NaNO3-H2O, KNO3-NaNO3-H2O, and NaCl-KNO3-H2O systems from 90 to 120 C as a function of relative humidity and solution composition. NaCl, NaNO3, and KNO3 represent members of dust salt assemblages that are likely to deliquesce and form concentrated brines on high-level radioactive waste package surfaces in a repository environment at Yucca Mountain, NV, USA. Discrepancy between model prediction and experimental code can be as high as 8% for relative humidity and 50% for dissolved ion concentration. The discrepancy is attributed primarily to the use of 25 C models for Cl-NO3 and K-NO3 ion interactions in the current Yucca Mountain Project high-temperature Pitzer model to describe the non-ideal behavior of these highly concentrated solutions.

Deliquescence of NaCl-NaNO3 and KNO3-NaNO3 Salt Mixtures at 90C.

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Deliquescence of NaCl-NaNO3 and KNO3-NaNO3 Salt Mixtures at 90C. by :

Download or read book Deliquescence of NaCl-NaNO3 and KNO3-NaNO3 Salt Mixtures at 90C. written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We conducted reversed deliquescence experiments in saturated NaCl-NaNO3-H2O and KNO3-NaNO3-H2O systems at 90 C to determine relative humidity and solution composition. NaCl, NaNO3, and KNO3 represent members of dust salt assemblages that are likely to deliquesce and form concentrated brines on high-level radioactive waste package surfaces in a repository environment at Yucca Mountain, NV, USA. Model predictions agree with experimental results for the NaCl-NaNO3-H2O system, but underestimate relative humidity by as much as 8% and solution composition by as much as 50% in the KNO3-NaNO3-H2O system.

The 100 Most Important Chemical Compounds

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313080577
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The 100 Most Important Chemical Compounds by : Richard L. Myers

Download or read book The 100 Most Important Chemical Compounds written by Richard L. Myers and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2007-08-30 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is a chemical compound? Compounds are substances that are two or more elements combined together chemically in a standard proportion by weight. Compounds are all around us - they include familiar things, such as water, and more esoteric substances, such as triuranium octaoxide, the most commonly occurring natural source for uranium. This reference guide gives us a tour of 100 of the most important, common, unusual, and intriguing compounds known to science. Each entry gives an extensive explanation of the composition, molecular formula, and chemical properties of the compound. In addition, each entry reviews the relevant chemistry, history, and uses of the compound, with discussions of the origin of the compound's name, the discovery or first synthesis of the compound, production statistics, and uses of the compound.

Cold Aqueous Planetary Geochemistry with FREZCHEM

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540756795
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Cold Aqueous Planetary Geochemistry with FREZCHEM by : Giles M. Marion

Download or read book Cold Aqueous Planetary Geochemistry with FREZCHEM written by Giles M. Marion and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-20 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by two of the best US researchers in the field, this text investigates issues of astrobiological relevance in the context of cold aqueous planetary geochemistry. At the core of the technical chapters is the FREZCHEM model, initially developed over many years by one of the authors to quantify aqueous electrolyte properties and chemical thermodynamics at subzero temperatures. FREZCHEM is of huge relevance to scientists in a number of fields, including biogeochemists.

The Periodic Table: Nature's Building Blocks

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128215380
Total Pages : 931 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis The Periodic Table: Nature's Building Blocks by : J. Theo Kloprogge

Download or read book The Periodic Table: Nature's Building Blocks written by J. Theo Kloprogge and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 931 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Periodic Table: Nature’s Building Blocks: An Introduction to the Naturally Occurring Elements, Their Origins and Their Uses addresses how minerals and their elements are used, where the elements come from in nature, and their applications in modern society. The book is structured in a logical way using the periodic table as its outline. It begins with an introduction of the history of the periodic table and a short introduction to mineralogy. Element sections contain their history, how they were discovered, and a description of the minerals that contain the element. Sections conclude with our current use of each element. Abundant color photos of some of the most characteristic minerals containing the element accompany the discussion. Ideal for students and researchers working in inorganic chemistry, minerology and geology, this book provides the foundational knowledge needed for successful study and work in this exciting area. Describes the link between geology, minerals and chemistry to show how chemistry relies on elements from nature Emphasizes the connection between geology, mineralogy and daily life, showing how minerals contribute to the things we use and in our modern economy Contains abundant color photos of each mineral that bring the periodic table to life

Modern Tools and Techniques to Understand Microbes

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319491970
Total Pages : 459 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Modern Tools and Techniques to Understand Microbes by : Ajit Varma

Download or read book Modern Tools and Techniques to Understand Microbes written by Ajit Varma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides essential molecular techniques and protocols for analyzing microbes that are useful for developing novel bio-chemicals, such as medicines, biofuels, and plant protection substances. The topics and techniques covered include: microbial diversity and composition; microorganisms in the food industry; mass cultivation of sebacinales; host-microbe interaction; targeted gene disruption; function-based metagenomics to reveal the rhizosphere microbiome; mycotoxin biosynthetic pathways; legume-rhizobium symbioses; multidrug transporters of yeast; drug-resistant bacteria; the fungal endophyte piriformospora indica; medicinal plants; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; biosurfactants in microbial enhanced oil recovery; and biocontrol of the soybean cyst nematode with root endophytic fungi; as well as microbe-mediated drought tolerance in plants.

Surface and Underground Excavations, 2nd Edition

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0415621194
Total Pages : 906 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (156 download)

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Book Synopsis Surface and Underground Excavations, 2nd Edition by : Ratan Raj Tatiya

Download or read book Surface and Underground Excavations, 2nd Edition written by Ratan Raj Tatiya and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface and Underground Excavations – Methods, Techniques and Equipment (2nd edition) covers the latest technologies and developments in the excavation arena at any locale: surface or underground. In the first few chapters, unit operations are discussed and subsequently, excavation techniques are described for various operations: tunnelling, drifting, raising, sinking, stoping, quarrying, surface mining, liquidation and mass blasting as well as construction of large subsurface excavations such as caverns and underground chambers. The design, planning and development of excavations are treated in a separate chapter. Especially featured are methodologies to select stoping methods through incremental analysis. Furthermore, this edition encompasses comprehensive sections on mining at ‘ultra depths’, mining difficult deposits using non-conventional technologies, mineral inventory evaluation (ore – reserves estimation) and mine closure. Concerns over Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), environment and loss prevention, and sustainable development are also addressed in advocating a solution to succeed within a scenario of global competition and recession. This expanded second edition has been wholly revised, brought fully up-to-date and includes (wherever feasible) the latest trends and best practices, case studies, global surveys and toolkits as well as questions at the end of each chapter. This volume will now be even more appealing to students in earth sciences, geology, and in civil, mining and construction engineering, to practicing engineers and professionals in these disciplines as well as to all with a general or professional interest in surface and underground excavations.

Handbook of Microalgal Culture

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1405172495
Total Pages : 587 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Microalgal Culture by : Amos Richmond

Download or read book Handbook of Microalgal Culture written by Amos Richmond and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Microalgal Culture is truly a landmarkpublication, drawing on some 50 years of worldwide experience inmicroalgal mass culture. This important book comprisescomprehensive reviews of the current available information onmicroalgal culture, written by 40 contributing authors from aroundthe globe. The book is divided into four parts, with Part I detailingbiological and environmental aspects of microalgae with referenceto microalgal biotechnology and Part II looking in depth at majortheories and techniques of mass cultivation. Part III compriseschapters on the economic applications of microalgae, includingcoverage of industrial production, the use of microalgae in humanand animal nutrition and in aquaculture, in nitrogen fixation,hydrogen and methane production, and in bioremediation of pollutedwater. Finally, Part IV looks at new frontiers and includeschapters on genetic engineering, microalgae as platforms forrecombinant proteins, bioactive chemicals, heterotrophicproduction, microalgae as gene-delivery systems for expressingmosquitocidal toxins and the enhancement of marine productivity forclimate stabilization and food security. Handbook of Microalgal Culture is an essential purchasefor all phycologists and also those researching aquatic systems,aquaculture and plant sciences. There is also much of great use toresearchers and those involved in product formulation withinpharmaceutical, nutrition and food companies. Libraries in alluniversities and research establishments teaching and researchingin chemistry, biological and pharmaceutical sciences, food sciencesand nutrition, and aquaculture will need copies of this book ontheir shelves. Amos Richmond is at the Blaustein Institute for DesertResearch, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.

Groundwater in the Nile Delta

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319942832
Total Pages : 760 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Groundwater in the Nile Delta by : Abdelazim M. Negm

Download or read book Groundwater in the Nile Delta written by Abdelazim M. Negm and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-28 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique volume offers an up-to-date overview of all the main aspects of groundwater in the Nile Delta and its fringes, as well as latest research findings. The themes covered include: · Nile Delta aquifer formation and its characteristics · The use of the groundwater in the Nile Delta and its implications · Sedimentology and hydrogeophysical characteristics · Groundwater investigations and aquifer characterization using current direct resistivity and induced polarization · Groundwater contamination and degradation · Saltwater intrusion and its control · Delineation of groundwater flow and seawater intrusion using various techniques, including one-dimensional subsurface temperature profiles, geoelectrical resistivity, and integrated subsurface thermal regime and hydrogeochemical data · Modeling of groundwater and of saltwater intrusion in the Nile Delta aquifer · Excessive pumping and groundwater quality assessment for irrigation and drinking purposes · Groundwater management for sustainability in the Nile Delta. The volume appeals to postgraduate students, researchers, scientists, professionals, decision makers and planners.

The Nile Delta

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319561243
Total Pages : 540 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis The Nile Delta by : Abdelazim M. Negm

Download or read book The Nile Delta written by Abdelazim M. Negm and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-25 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents up-to-date research on the Nile Delta and discusses the challenges involved in and opportunities for improving its productivity. The topics addressed include: groundwater in the Nile Delta and its quality; the mapping of groundwater with remote sensing technologies; land degradation; salt-affected soils; on-farm irrigation; the remediation of agricultural drainage water for sustainable reuse; the use of satellite images to estimate the bathymetry of coastal lakes; the assessment of the Nile Delta coastal zone and its management; its sediment and water quality; and fishing ports, fish and fisheries. The book closes with a review of the latest findings on the Nile Delta and offers conclusions and recommendations for future research to fulfill the requirements for sustainable development. It provides a unique and topical resource for researchers, graduate students and policymakers alike.

The Chemical Alphabet

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis The Chemical Alphabet by :

Download or read book The Chemical Alphabet written by and published by . This book was released on 1850 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Methods in Soil Biology

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364260966X
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Methods in Soil Biology by : Franz Schinner

Download or read book Methods in Soil Biology written by Franz Schinner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In terrestrial ecosystems, soil microorganisms and soil animals are essential for litter degradation, soil formation and the availability of nutrients and trace elements. The measurement of biological soil parameters allows a rapid evaluation of the effects of chemical and physical influences due to pollutants or soil management. This book introduces a number of well proved methods for the analysis of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur cycles. It focuses further on the determination of the number and biomass of microorganisms, algae and animals in the soil. Particular emphasis is placed on the comprehensible and complete description of the experimental procedures.

Organic Sulfur Compounds

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483224856
Total Pages : 637 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Organic Sulfur Compounds by : N. Kharasch

Download or read book Organic Sulfur Compounds written by N. Kharasch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic Sulfur Compounds, Volume I deals with the chemistry of organic sulfur compounds such as disulfides, polysulfides, olefins, acetylenes, and chloroethylenes. Topics covered range from the inorganic acids of sulfur and the thermodynamics of organic sulfur compounds to some applications of isotopic sulfur and the stereochemistry of disulfides and polysulfides. The mechanism of oxidation of thiols to disulfides is also discussed. Comprised of 40 chapters, this volume first considers the precise structures of elemental sulfur in relation to the reactions of sulfur compounds, followed by an analysis of the inorganic acids of sulfur. The reader is then introduced to the thermodynamics of organic sulfur compounds and the bonding characteristics of the sulfur atom, as well as the infrared spectra of organosulfur compounds. Subsequent chapters focus on the ionic scission of the sulfur-sulfur bond; nucleophilic reactions of thiols with acetylene and chloroethylene; reactions of sulfur with olefins; and the chemistry of isothiocyanates. This book should prove useful to advanced students, practitioners, and research workers in the field of organic chemistry.

Handbook of Microalgal Mass Culture (1986)

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351362704
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Microalgal Mass Culture (1986) by : Amos Richmond

Download or read book Handbook of Microalgal Mass Culture (1986) written by Amos Richmond and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is devoted to the mass production of microalgae, and in my part, is based on some 10 years of experience in growing and studying microalgal cultures maintained at high polulation densities under laboratory conditions and in outdoor ponds