Black Night For Bomber Command

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Black Night for Bomber Command

Author : Richard Knott
Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 1781594422
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (815 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Night for Bomber Command by : Richard Knott

Download or read book Black Night for Bomber Command written by Richard Knott and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2007-07-01 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "I am not pressing you to fight the weather as well as the Germans, never forget that." So wrote Winston Churchill to Arthur Harris, the Commander-in-Chief of RAF Bomber Command, after the terrible events of 16 December 1943. In the murky dusk almost five hundred heavy bombers, almost entirely Lancasters, set out for Berlin from their bases in eastern England, from north Yorkshire to southern Cambridgeshire. They lifted off at around 4 pm to bomb the target four hours later and were expected to return at midnight. 328 aircrew lost their lives that night they were the victims of the weather, not the Germans. This book relates the tragic circumstances of individual crews as they struggled to find their home bases in low cloud and fog. It also includes stories from the local people who remember hearing a low-flying aircraft and all too often the frightful explosion as it struck unexpected high ground or even trees. Some rescue attempts were successful, but for most aircrew it was death in a blazing wreck. Many of the crash sites have been explored by the author as he tried to imagine exactly how each aircraft came to grief. It contains many photos of aircraft as they were and the remaining impact areas that remain to this day.

Bomber Command

Author : Max Hastings
Publisher : Quarto Publishing Group USA
ISBN 13 : 1610588630
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Bomber Command by : Max Hastings

Download or read book Bomber Command written by Max Hastings and published by Quarto Publishing Group USA. This book was released on 2013-09-15 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This award-winning classic of WWII military history chronicles the Royal Air Force’s bombing campaign against Germany. RAF Bomber Command’s air offensive against the cities of Nazi Germany was one of the most epic campaigns of World War II. The struggle began meekly in 1939 with only a few aircraft—Whitleys, Hampdens, and Wellingtons—flying blindly through the night on their ill-conceived bombing runs. It ended six years later with 1,600 Lancasters, Halifaxes, and Mosquitoes, equipped with the best of British wartime technology, blazing whole German cities in a single night. In Bomber Command, originally published to critical acclaim in the UK, famed British military historian Sir Max Hastings offers a captivating analysis of the strategy and decision-making behind one of World War II’s most violent episodes. With firsthand descriptions of the experiences of aircrew from 1939 to 1945—based on one hundred interviews with veterans—and a harrowing narrative of the experiences of Germans on the ground during the September 1944 bombing of Darmstadt, Bomber Command is widely recognized as a classic account of one of the bloodiest campaigns in World War II history. Winner of the Somerset Maugham Prize

Kept in the Dark

Author : John Stubbington
Publisher : Casemate Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1844685500
Total Pages : 543 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Kept in the Dark by : John Stubbington

Download or read book Kept in the Dark written by John Stubbington and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2010-06-19 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating historical revelation goes to the very heart of British and Allied Intelligence during World War II, specifically in the context of planning, control and implementation of the combined bomber offensive against Germany. There are sound arguments based on official archives that the handling of much air intelligence was faulty and reasons to believe that some departments within Whitehall were influenced by parochial and personal attitudes that interfered with the selection of strategic targets and the planning of the bombing offensives. In some departments within Whitehall and even the Air Ministry, there was a culpable failure to understand and appreciate the operational capabilities and limitations of the RAF and USAAF bomber forces. After the evacuation of the BEF the only means of destroying the Axis production of arms and munitions fell to the RAF and this was their prime objective for the rest of the war. The destruction of arms factories, power stations, air and ship production was the underlining objective, although when special targets, such as the break-outs of the German navy's major warships and U-Boats were deemed vital, the RAF were expected to react immediately. Much of Britain's intelligence was gathered from the German ENIGMA signals and became known as ULTRA with a security classification of MOST SECRET. Apart from the brilliant work at Bletchley Park there were other inputs from partisans throughout occupied Europe, Allied agents and various forms of reconnaissance. It was a new type of warfare that developed and improved as the war progressed but all too often the bomber squadrons were put into unnecessary peril through imprecise and unthinking demands from the highest levels of government.

The Night Air War

Author : Martin W. Bowman
Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 1473864259
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (738 download)

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Book Synopsis The Night Air War by : Martin W. Bowman

Download or read book The Night Air War written by Martin W. Bowman and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2015-07-31 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the 7,953 Bomber Command aircraft lost on night operations during the Second World War, an estimated 5,833 fell victim to Luftwaffe night fighters. In this detailed re-enactment of the air war over Western Europe and the raids flown by the men of RAF Bomber Command, the author has pieced together official data and the words and memories of the pilots and air crew who participated in the proceedings. Across fifteen chapters, many unique experiences are regaled, enlivening the history of the night bombing raids that were hurled against Hitler's war machine during the latter half of the Second World War. They span the period between November 1943 and 1945 and cover the encounters between the Luftwaffe and RAF Bomber Command during their heyday. 'No Operation Was Easy' was a commonly coined phrase amongst this group who, night after night, struck out at targets such as the 'The Big City' (Berlin), Stuttgart and the Ruhr. These truly epic stories, gleaned from the memories of the men who made up Bomber Command, serve as an appropriate epitaph to their collective effort.

RAF Bomber Command: 'Strike Hard, Strike Sure' 1936-1945

Author : Ron Mackay
Publisher : Fonthill Media
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 716 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis RAF Bomber Command: 'Strike Hard, Strike Sure' 1936-1945 by : Ron Mackay

Download or read book RAF Bomber Command: 'Strike Hard, Strike Sure' 1936-1945 written by Ron Mackay and published by Fonthill Media. This book was released on 2022-03-31 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: -> Historically rich in detail with previously unpublished photographs from private archives -> Researched and written by an aviation and military historian renowned author -> Essential for military/historians, modellers, flight-sim enthusiasts (War Thunder, IL-2 Sturmovik: Great Battles and DCS) and those interested in the complexities of aircraft design and production during the Second World War ‘They sowed the wind and now they are going to reap the whirlwind.’ Arthur ‘Bomber’ Harris The concept of an aerial campaign on a nation’s industrial and military might was advocated by Britain before the start of the First World War; however, a stringent post-war economy ensured that the creation of Bomber Command in 1936 witnessed a daunting disparity between the aim of striking at an adversary’s ability to sustain itself and the means to do so. From 1939 to 1942, Bomber Command was very weak in terms of human and material losses. The navigational means with which to accurately guide bombers to targets was almost completely lacking while the enemy defensive network inflicted serious casualties. Consequently, the punishment handed out was minimal. The resurgence of Bomber Command’s fortunes coincided with the appointment of Sir Arthur Harris. The advent of four-engine designs such as the Avro Lancaster and Handley Page Halifax ensured that a greatly increased bomb tonnage could be delivered. Also, electronic aids such as Gee, Oboe and H2S simplified the task in finding targets. Therefore, by 1944-1945, the RAF’s bombers pulverised Hitler’s Third Reich. Although flak and night-fighters took a heavy toll on the bombers, the RAF’s nocturnal offensive in conjunction with the USAAF’s daylight assaults crippled Germany’s ability to fight back.

The Nuremberg Raid

Author : Martin Middlebrook
Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 178159886X
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (815 download)

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Book Synopsis The Nuremberg Raid by : Martin Middlebrook

Download or read book The Nuremberg Raid written by Martin Middlebrook and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2009-06-25 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough history of the RAF Bomber Command attack on the German city during World War II, by the author of The First Day on the Somme. This book describes one twenty-four-hour period in the Allied Strategic Bomber Offensive in the greatest possible detail. Author Martin Middlebrook sets the scene by outlining the course of the bombing war from 1939 to the night of the Nuremberg raid, the characters and aims of the British bombing leaders, and the composition of the opposing Bomber Command and German night fighter forces. The aim of the Nuremberg raid was not unlike many hundreds of other Royal Air Force missions but, due to the difficulties and dangers of the enemy defenses and weather plus bad luck, it went horribly wrong. The result was so notorious that it became a turning point in the campaign. The target, the symbolic Nazi rally city of Nuremberg, was only lightly damaged, and 96 out of 779 bombers went missing. Middlebrook recreates the events of the fateful night in astonishing detail. The result is a meticulous, dramatic, and often controversial account. It is also a moving tribute to the bravery of the RAF bomber crews and their adversaries. Praise for The Nuremberg Raid “Employing hundreds of eyewitness accounts, he shows the raid from the point of view of the German defenses and the civilians on the ground. Factual and analytical, this is a portrait of mechanized warfare at the level of personal experience.” —Simon Mawer, Wall Street Journal

The Other Battle

Author : Peter Hinchliffe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781840373035
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis The Other Battle by : Peter Hinchliffe

Download or read book The Other Battle written by Peter Hinchliffe and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traces the parallel development of night bombing within the RAF and that of the Luftwaffe's Night Fighter Force. It encompasses the historical, strategic, tactical and technical aspects of the subject, and contains a large amount of material based on personal experience.

Bomber Command: Reflections of War, Volume 4

Author : Martin W. Bowman
Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 1473822289
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (738 download)

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Book Synopsis Bomber Command: Reflections of War, Volume 4 by : Martin W. Bowman

Download or read book Bomber Command: Reflections of War, Volume 4 written by Martin W. Bowman and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2013-02-05 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This, the fourth volume of a five part work that provides a comprehensive insight into all aspects of RAF Bomber Command in World War Two, begins in the spring of 1944 with a completely new insight on the catastrophic raid on Nuremburg on the night of 30/31 March and follows with the disastrous attack on Mailly-le-Camp in May. Gradually, the Allied Bomber Offensive began to bear fruit and in June 1944 the invasion of Normandy took place under an umbrella of almost total Allied air superiority. RAF Bomber Command was to play a huge part in what proved to be the final steps to ultimate victory, returning to the mass raids on German cities by night and even mounting raids on the Reich by day. The authors well-tried formula of using background information interspersed with the crews personal narrative takes you raid by raid through each tour of ops while carrying full bomb loads in sub-zero temperatures, blighted by atrocious weather conditions and dogged by fear of fire, death or serious injury or having to endure months if not years of miserable existence and near starvation behind the wire in notorious PoW camps. The path to peace was paved with the unmitigated slow ebbing of courage with an ever-present possibility of death unannounced from a prowling night fighter, nondescript and unseen, as night after incessant night, shattered and ailing bombers could run out of luck to crash in some foreign field while other crews, almost home almost empty - ran out of fuel and died horrible tortuous deaths in twisted and tangled wreckage. Not for them the glory that was accorded The Few but as Winston Churchill said: Fighters are our salvation, but the bombers alone provide the means of victory.

No Need to Die

Author : Gordon Thorburn
Publisher : Haynes Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781844256525
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (565 download)

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Book Synopsis No Need to Die by : Gordon Thorburn

Download or read book No Need to Die written by Gordon Thorburn and published by Haynes Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to be written about a group of remarkable men who left the wealth and comfort of America before the Second World War to volunteer for the most dangerous trade in the world. Few people know there were any Americans flying with RAF Bomber Command. The book follows the life stories and flying careers of 21 Americans who fought in the air war over Europe with the RAF’s two premier Bomber Command squadrons – 9 and 617. Of these men of free will, 15 were killed in action. No Need To Die is a revelation, an untold human story from the Second World War.

4 Group Bomber Command

Author : Chris Ward
Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 1783035315
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (83 download)

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Book Synopsis 4 Group Bomber Command by : Chris Ward

Download or read book 4 Group Bomber Command written by Chris Ward and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2012-12-19 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the immediate period before World War Two, the RAF modified its command structure to rationalize for rapid expansion. Bomber Command was divided into six operational groups, each flying the same type of aircraft, including Wellingtons, Sterlings, and Lancasters. Chris Ward presents us here with the history of 4 Group Bomber Command, having previously acquainted us with the histories of 3, 5, and 6 Group Bomber Commands in three highly acclaimed volumes, published by Pen and Sword. He continues with characteristic ease, quality of research, and narrative pace, to present us with an operational record of the groups activities during a particularly dramatic period of aviation history.The book contains individual squadron statistics, their commanding officers, stations and aircraft losses. It provides a detailed reference for one of the RAFs most important operational groups.

Night Duel Over Germany

Author : Peter Jacobs
Publisher : Casemate Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1473897122
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (738 download)

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Book Synopsis Night Duel Over Germany by : Peter Jacobs

Download or read book Night Duel Over Germany written by Peter Jacobs and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2017-01-30 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bomber Commands night offensive against Nazi Germany, which lasted for nearly six years, was one of Britains major contributions to the Allied effort during the Second World War. But the decision to conduct its main operations at night only came about following heavy losses by day, when its prewar medium bombers had been found lacking in modern air warfare. The Luftwaffe, too, had its early problems. Initially without a dedicated night fighter, it was ill-equipped to defend the Reich, and so the stage was set for what would become one of the most critical strategic encounters of the war.Things had to change on both sides. Soon there came new and more capable aircraft, in ever-increasing numbers, coupled with new tactics and technology, as each side strove to gain the upper hand. It became a fascinating encounter between the crews of Bomber Command and the Luftwaffes night fighter force, the Nachtjagd, with no shortage of courage and heavy losses on both sides. Amongst the epic encounters were Bomber Commands Thousand Bomber raids, the attack on the German V-weapons research establishment at Peenemnde, the campaigns against the industrial Ruhr, Hamburg and Berlin, and the disastrous raid on Nuremberg. This new publication consolidates accounts from both sides and from all ranks of service in an effort to provide a comprehensive account of some of the most ferocious nocturnal engagements of the Second World War.

Night Fighters

Author : Colin D. Heaton
Publisher : US Naval Institute Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Night Fighters by : Colin D. Heaton

Download or read book Night Fighters written by Colin D. Heaton and published by US Naval Institute Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Night Fighters examines the historical, technological. tactical, and strategic evolution of limited-visibility aerial combat as the air forces of Great Britain and Germany dueled in the night skies during World War II. The book is based on extensive research and interviews with the key planners and policy makers responsible for their respective national strategies governing the conduct of the nighttime air war, as well as with the airmen who fought the war, which makes it far more detailed than previous works on this subject. The science developed by both nations greatly increased the momentum and lethality of air combat in that conflict. In addition, this arena of World War II combat also produced many technological innovations, the results of which are seen today in everyday military and civilian life."--BOOK JACKET.

Bomber Offensive

Author : Arthur Harris
Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 1844152103
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (441 download)

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Book Synopsis Bomber Offensive by : Arthur Harris

Download or read book Bomber Offensive written by Arthur Harris and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2005-03-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sir Arthur Harris - Bomber Harris - remains the target of criticism and vilification by many, while others believe the contribution he and his men made to victory is grossly undervalued. He led the men of Bomber Command in the face of appalling casualties, had fierce disagreements with higher authority and enjoyed a complicated relationship with Winston Churchill. Written soon after the close of World War 2, this collection of Sir Arthur Harris's memoirs reveals the man behind the Allied bombing offensive that culminated in the destruction of the Nazi war machine but also many beautiful cities, including Dresden.

Bomber Command

Author : Martin Bowman
Publisher : Casemate Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1848844921
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (488 download)

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Book Synopsis Bomber Command by : Martin Bowman

Download or read book Bomber Command written by Martin Bowman and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This massive work provides a comprehensive insight to the experiences of Bomber Command's pilots and aircrew throughout WWII. From the early wartime years when the RAF's first attempts to avenge Germany's onslaught were bedeviled by poor navigation and inaccurate bombing, to the last winning onslaught that finally tamed Hitler in his Berlin lair, these volumes trace the true experiences of the men who flew the bombers. Hundreds of firsthand accounts are punctuated by the author's background information that puts each narrative into wartime perspective. Every aspect of Bomber Command's operational duties are covered; day and night bombing, precision low-level strikes, mass raids and operations throughout all wartime theaters. Contributions are from RAF personnel who flew the Command's different aircraft from the early Blenheims and Stirlings to the later Lancasters and Mosquitoes. Each volume is full of accounts that tell of the camaraderie amongst the crews, moments of sheer terror and the stoic humor that provided the critical bond. The five volumes of this work provide the most vivid and comprehensive work on the outstanding part played by RAF Bomber Command and their vital role in the destruction of the Third Reich.

75 (NZ) Squadron

Author : Chris Newey
Publisher : Mention the War Limited
ISBN 13 : 9781915335173
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis 75 (NZ) Squadron by : Chris Newey

Download or read book 75 (NZ) Squadron written by Chris Newey and published by Mention the War Limited. This book was released on 2023-03-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This expanded and updated edition of Chris Ward's Profile of 75(NZ) Squadron is the definitive and comprehensive wartime account of this well-known and highly-regarded Bomber Command outfit. Produced with the full support and assistance of squadron veterans, the Royal New Zealand Air Force Association and the New Zealand Bomber Command Association, it is a testament to the duty and sacrifice of all those who served with this famous unit throughout the Second World War. Chris Ward's detailed narrative, based on the squadron's Second World War Operations Record Book, is complemented by several hundred photographs, many published for the first time.In 1938, the New Zealand government had ordered thirty Vickers Wellington Mk1 bombers. RNZAF aircrew were despatched to train on the new aircraft at RAF Marham, and then take them to their new home in the Southern Hemisphere. When war broke out, the New Zealand Government placed the aircraft and their crews at the disposal of the RAF to help fight the new enemy. Already known as 'The New Zealand Squadron', the unit was given the number 75 on 4 April 1940, the previous unit so numbered having been disbanded. This meant that the original nucleus of personnel remained together as an operational unit of the RAF.On 4 April 1940, The New Zealand Squadron was renamed 75(NZ) Squadron. Although often referred to as an RNZAF unit, it was wholly equipped and controlled by the RAF until the end of the conflict. It was a key component of No. 3 Group, Bomber Command, and was based initially at RAF Feltwell, then RAF Mildenhall, RAF Newmarket and RAF Mepal, in Cambridgeshire. The unit saw action over France, Norway, Belgium, Italy, Sweden and Germany, distinguishing itself in the process.The squadron operated with a strength of three Flights after receiving Short Stirling bombers. In line with the rest of No. 3 Group, the squadron re-equipped with the Avro Lancaster in 1944, the type seeing the unit through to August 1945. 75(NZ) Sqn operated against the Germans from 1940 to VE Day, flying more sorties than any other allied heavy bomber squadron, suffering the second highest number of casualties. A Victoria Cross was awarded to Sgt J A Ward for climbing out onto the wing of his Wellington on an operation over Europe, in an attempt to put out an engine fire. Although badly damaged by enemy fighters' cannon shells, the aircraft managed to return to its base.

Black Thursday Blood and Oil

Author : Martin W. Bowman
Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 1783378646
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (833 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Thursday Blood and Oil by : Martin W. Bowman

Download or read book Black Thursday Blood and Oil written by Martin W. Bowman and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2013-01-19 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A highly readable account of the early stages of the USAAF air war over Western Europe” from the author of Confounding the Reich (The Bulletin). This book describes the period when the American daylight offensive faltered and nearly failed and recalls the terrible losses suffered by Liberators on the low-level attack on the Ploesti oilfields in Romania and by the B-17s on the notorious Schweinfurt and Regensburg raids which entered 8th Air Force folklore as “Black Thursday.” Fascinating anecdotes, eye-witness accounts and the hard-won experiences of the battle-scarred American “fly-boys” reveal the grim realities of air combat at four miles high above enemy occupied Europe, Berlin and the Ruhr. “Grown up in the war” they paint a revealing picture as only they can. The “Mighty Eighth” was an air force of hard-fighting, hard-playing fliers who suffered more casualties than the entire US Marine Corps in the Pacific Campaign. Here, in their own words are stories of survival and soul-numbing loss, of “fly-boys” who came together to fight an air war of the ferocity that had never been fought on such a vast scale before. While RAF Bomber Command was waging war at night, 8th Air Force B-17 Flying Fortresses and B-24 Liberators bombed by day in a 24-hour “round the clock” campaign. This is also a partly strategic history with a behind-the-scenes look at deployment of the bomber groups and the fighter escorts that would eventually become their salvation on the interminable deep penetration raids into the Greater Reich. “A riveting account of young men fighting for their lives on a daily basis . . . A moving and fascinating work.” —Airfix Model World

Black Thursday [Illustrated Edition]

Author : Martin Caidin
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782899782
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (828 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Thursday [Illustrated Edition] by : Martin Caidin

Download or read book Black Thursday [Illustrated Edition] written by Martin Caidin and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes 15 photographs, 23 drawings and 2 maps The battle fought on Black Thursday stands high in the history of American fighting men. It will be long remembered, like the immortal struggles of Gettysburg, St. Mihiel and the Argonne, of Midway and the Bulge and Pork Chop Hill. Tens of thousands of our airmen fought in desperate battles in the sky during World War II. From China to the Aleutians, from Australia through the Philippines and across the Southwest Pacific, through the Central Pacific, in Africa and the Mediterranean, and across the length and breadth of Europe, American fliers engaged in combat with the Germans, the Japanese, the Italians. In all these battles one stands out among all the others for unprecedented fury, for losses suffered, for courage. This was the battle on Black Thursday, Mission 115 of the VIII Bomber Command from bases in England to the savagely defended German city of Schweinfurt. It was a battle in which we suffered unprecedented losses, and a battle that we cannot in honesty remember as having produced the results we had hoped for, or that hurt the enemy’s war effort as much as we had believed. Yet it is an aerial struggle remembered with great pride, for it demanded the utmost in courage, in skill, in carrying on the fight in the face of bloody slaughter. All these things, and more, make up the story of Black Thursday, of this book.