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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781433711374
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Biomedicine in the Twentieth Century written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Caroline Hannaway
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 158603832X
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (86 download)
Download or read book Biomedicine in the Twentieth Century written by Caroline Hannaway and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ." . . based on a conference that was held at the National Institutes of Health in December 2005 to promote historical research on biomedical science in the twentieth century"--p. ix.
Author : C. Hannaway
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1607503085
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (75 download)
Download or read book Biomedicine in the Twentieth Century: Practices, Policies, and Politics written by C. Hannaway and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2008-02-11 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomedicine in the Twentieth Century: Practices, Policies, and Politics is a testimony to the growing interest of scholars in the development of the biomedical sciences in the twentieth century and to the number of historians, social scientists and health policy analysts now working on the subject. The book is comprised of essays by noted historians and social scientists that offer insights on a range of subjects that should be a significant stimulus for further historical investigation. It details the NIH’s practices, policies and politics on a variety of fronts, including the development of the intramural program, the National Institute of Mental Health and mental health policy, the politics and funding of heart transplantation and the initial focus of the National Cancer Institute. Comparisons can be made with the development of other American and British institutions involved in medical research, such as the Rockefeller Institute and the Medical Research Council. Discussions of the larger scientific and social context of United States’ federal support for research, the role of lay institutions in federal funding of virus research, the consequences of technology transfer and patenting, the effects of vaccine and drug development and the environment of research discoveries all offer new insights and suggest questions for further exploration.
Author : George Weisz
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421413027
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)
Download or read book Chronic Disease in the Twentieth Century written by George Weisz and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2014-05 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic Disease in the Twentieth Century challenges the conventional wisdom that the concept of chronic disease emerged because medicine's ability to cure infectious disease led to changing patterns of disease. Instead, it suggests, the concept was constructed and has evolved to serve a variety of political and social purposes. How and why the concept developed differently in the United States, an United Kingdom, and France are central concerns of this work. While an international consensus now exists, the different paths taken by these three countries continue to exert profound influence. This book seeks to explain why, among the innumerable problems faced by societies, some problems in some places become viewed as critical public issues that shape health policy. -- from back cover.
Author : Natalie B. Aviles
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231551770
Total Pages : 553 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)
Download or read book An Ungovernable Foe written by Natalie B. Aviles and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2024-01-23 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In American politics, medical innovation is often considered the domain of the private sector. Yet some of the most significant scientific and health breakthroughs of the past century have emerged from government research institutes. The U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) is tasked with both understanding and eradicating cancer—and its researchers have developed a surprising expertise in virus research and vaccine development. An Ungovernable Foe examines seventy years of federally funded scientific breakthroughs in the laboratories of the NCI to shed new light on how bureaucratic organizations nurture innovation. Natalie B. Aviles analyzes research and policy efforts around the search for a viral cause of leukemia in the 1960s, the discovery of HIV and the development of AIDS drugs in the 1980s, and the invention of the HPV vaccine in the 1990s. She argues that the NCI transformed generations of researchers into innovative public servants who have learned to balance their scientific and bureaucratic missions. These “scientist-bureaucrats” are simultaneously committed to conducting cutting-edge research and stewarding the nation’s investment in cancer research, and as a result they have developed an unparalleled expertise. Aviles demonstrates how the interplay of science, politics, and administration shaped the NCI into a mission-oriented agency that enabled significant breakthroughs in cancer research—and in the process, she shows how organizational cultures indelibly stamp scientific work.
Author : Doogab Yi
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022621611X
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)
Download or read book The Recombinant University written by Doogab Yi and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s was a key moment in the history of both biotechnology and the commercialization of academic research. Doogab Yi’s The Recombinant University draws us deeply into the academic community in the San Francisco Bay Area, where the technology was developed and adopted as the first major commercial technology for genetic engineering. In doing so, it reveals how research patronage, market forces, and legal developments from the late 1960s through the early 1980s influenced the evolution of the technology and reshaped the moral and scientific life of biomedical researchers. Bay Area scientists, university administrators, and government officials were fascinated by and increasingly engaged in the economic and political opportunities associated with the privatization of academic research. Yi uncovers how the attempts made by Stanford scientists and administrators to demonstrate the relevance of academic research were increasingly mediated by capitalistic conceptions of knowledge, medical innovation, and the public interest. Their interventions resulted in legal shifts and moral realignments that encouraged the privatization of academic research for public benefit. The Recombinant University brings to life the hybrid origin story of biotechnology and the ways the academic culture of science has changed in tandem with the early commercialization of recombinant DNA technology.
Author : M. Biagioli
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 023033802X
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Nature Engaged written by M. Biagioli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers essays that focus on the worldliness of science, its inseparable engagement in the major institutional bases of social life: law, market, church, school, and nation. With a chronological span reaching from the Renaissance to Big Science, its topics range from sundials to genetic sequences, from calculating instruments to devices that simulate human behavior, from early cartography to techniques for tracing radioactive fallout on a global scale. The book aims to show readers, with episodes drawn from the span of their modern history, the sciences in action throughout human society.
Author : Hugh Richard Slotten
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108863353
Total Pages : 1046 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)
Download or read book The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 8, Modern Science in National, Transnational, and Global Context written by Hugh Richard Slotten and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 1046 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume in the highly respected Cambridge History of Science series is devoted to exploring the history of modern science using national, transnational, and global frames of reference. Organized by topic and culture, its essays by distinguished scholars offer the most comprehensive and up-to-date nondisciplinary history of modern science currently available. Essays are grouped together in separate sections that represent larger regions: Europe, Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, East and Southeast Asia, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Oceania, and Latin America. Each of these regional groupings ends with a separate essay reflecting on the analysis in the preceding chapters. Intended to provide a balanced and inclusive treatment of the modern world, contributors analyze the history of science not only in local, national, and regional contexts but also with respect to the circulation of knowledge, tools, methods, people, and artifacts across national borders.
Author : Angela N. H. Creager
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022601794X
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)
Download or read book Life Atomic written by Angela N. H. Creager and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-10-02 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After World War II, the US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) began mass-producing radioisotopes, sending out nearly 64,000 shipments of radioactive materials to scientists and physicians by 1955. Even as the atomic bomb became the focus of Cold War anxiety, radioisotopes represented the government’s efforts to harness the power of the atom for peace—advancing medicine, domestic energy, and foreign relations. In Life Atomic, Angela N. H. Creager tells the story of how these radioisotopes, which were simultaneously scientific tools and political icons, transformed biomedicine and ecology. Government-produced radioisotopes provided physicians with new tools for diagnosis and therapy, specifically cancer therapy, and enabled biologists to trace molecular transformations. Yet the government’s attempt to present radioisotopes as marvelous dividends of the atomic age was undercut in the 1950s by the fallout debates, as scientists and citizens recognized the hazards of low-level radiation. Creager reveals that growing consciousness of the danger of radioactivity did not reduce the demand for radioisotopes at hospitals and laboratories, but it did change their popular representation from a therapeutic agent to an environmental poison. She then demonstrates how, by the late twentieth century, public fear of radioactivity overshadowed any appreciation of the positive consequences of the AEC’s provision of radioisotopes for research and medicine.
Author : Robin Wolfe Scheffler
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022662837X
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)
Download or read book A Contagious Cause written by Robin Wolfe Scheffler and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-06-15 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is cancer a contagious disease? In the late nineteenth century this idea, and attending efforts to identify a cancer “germ,” inspired fear and ignited controversy. Yet speculation that cancer might be contagious also contained a kernel of hope that the strategies used against infectious diseases, especially vaccination, might be able to subdue this dread disease. Today, nearly one in six cancers are thought to have an infectious cause, but the path to that understanding was twisting and turbulent. A Contagious Cause is the first book to trace the century-long hunt for a human cancer virus in America, an effort whose scale exceeded that of the Human Genome Project. The government’s campaign merged the worlds of molecular biology, public health, and military planning in the name of translating laboratory discoveries into useful medical therapies. However, its expansion into biomedical research sparked fierce conflict. Many biologists dismissed the suggestion that research should be planned and the idea of curing cancer by a vaccine or any other means as unrealistic, if not dangerous. Although the American hunt was ultimately fruitless, this effort nonetheless profoundly shaped our understanding of life at its most fundamental levels. A Contagious Cause links laboratory and legislature as has rarely been done before, creating a new chapter in the histories of science and American politics.
Author : Steven Piantadosi
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3319526367
Total Pages : 2573 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Clinical Trials written by Steven Piantadosi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-19 with total page 2573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive major reference work for our SpringerReference program covering clinical trials. Although the core of the Work will focus on the design, analysis, and interpretation of scientific data from clinical trials, a broad spectrum of clinical trial application areas will be covered in detail. This is an important time to develop such a Work, as drug safety and efficacy emphasizes the Clinical Trials process. Because of an immense and growing international disease burden, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies continue to develop new drugs. Clinical trials have also become extremely globalized in the past 15 years, with over 225,000 international trials ongoing at this point in time. Principles in Practice of Clinical Trials is truly an interdisciplinary that will be divided into the following areas: 1) Clinical Trials Basic Perspectives 2) Regulation and Oversight 3) Basic Trial Designs 4) Advanced Trial Designs 5) Analysis 6) Trial Publication 7) Topics Related Specific Populations and Legal Aspects of Clinical Trials The Work is designed to be comprised of 175 chapters and approximately 2500 pages. The Work will be oriented like many of our SpringerReference Handbooks, presenting detailed and comprehensive expository chapters on broad subjects. The Editors are major figures in the field of clinical trials, and both have written textbooks on the topic. There will also be a slate of 7-8 renowned associate editors that will edit individual sections of the Reference.
Author : Mike Saks
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1446271838
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (462 download)
Download or read book Researching Health written by Mike Saks and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012-11-30 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Researching Health covers everything that a student or new researcher will need when starting to conduct their own research in a range of healthcare settings. The chapters guide the reader through each specific qualitative, quantitative and mixed method, and show how these work in practice. In the second edition, the authors place particular focus on the critical appraisal of research - asking not only how different forms of research can be conducted, but also how we can use the research of others effectively. Two new chapters have also been included, on: - Gender and Health Research - Public Health Research A full companion website accompanies the book, with a range of teaching materials for lecturers and online learning resources for students. It is an ideal companion for undergraduate and postgraduate students on health programmes. The book is also valuable reading for researchers, academics, managers and practitioners working across the healthcare field.
Author : Patrick Manning
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822986051
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)
Download or read book Global Transformations in the Life Sciences, 1945–1980 written by Patrick Manning and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2018-06-29 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second half of the twentieth century brought extraordinary transformations in knowledge and practice of the life sciences. In an era of decolonization, mass social welfare policies, and the formation of new international institutions such as UNESCO and the WHO, monumental advances were made in both theoretical and practical applications of the life sciences, including the discovery of life’s molecular processes and substantive improvements in global public health and medicine. Combining perspectives from the history of science and world history, this volume examines the impact of major world-historical processes of the postwar period on the evolution of the life sciences. Contributors consider the long-term evolution of scientific practice, research, and innovation across a range of fields and subfields in the life sciences, and in the context of Cold War anxieties and ambitions. Together, they examine how the formation of international organizations and global research programs allowed for transnational exchange and cooperation, but in a period rife with competition and nationalist interests, which influenced dramatic changes in the field as the postcolonial world order unfolded.
Author : William H. Schneider
Publisher : Well House Books
ISBN 13 : 0253050510
Total Pages : 547 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)
Download or read book The Indiana University School of Medicine written by William H. Schneider and published by Well House Books. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Indiana University School of Medicine: A History tells the story of the school and its faculty and students in fascinating detail. Founded in the early 20th century, the Indiana University School of Medicine went on to become a leading medical facility, preparing students for careers in medicine and providing healthcare across Indiana. Historian William Schneider draws on a treasure trove of historical images and documents, to recount how the school began life as the Medical Department in 1903, and later became the Indiana University School of Medicine, which was established as a full four-year school after merging with two private schools in 1908. Thanks to state support and local philanthropy, it quickly added new hospitals, which by the 1920s made it the core of a medical center for the city of Indianapolis and the only medical school in the state. From modest beginnings, and the challenges of the Great Depression and the Second World War, the medical school has grown to meet the demands of every generation, becoming the leading resource for not only the education of physicians and for the conducting of medical research but also for the care and treatment of patients at the multi-hospital medical center. Today, the school boasts an annual income of over $1.5 billion, with over 2,000 full-time faculty teaching 1,350 MD students, and over $250 million in external research funding.
Author : Sidsel Roalkvam
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 019164451X
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)
Download or read book Protecting the World's Children written by Sidsel Roalkvam and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaccination programmes now represent a major part of the effort devoted to improving the health of children in developing countries. These donor-funded programmes tend to be global in scope and focus on worldwide goals and targets such as 'polio eradication', and the Millennium Development Goals. Health policy makers at the national level are expected to implement these programmes in a standard manner and report progress according to a few standard indicators. Pressures and incentives to achieve the targets set are then transmitted down to the community level health worker who actually meets the parents and children to implement the programmes. Drawing on first hand, original research in India and Malawi carried out by the contributors, as well as existing literature, Protecting the World's Children: Immunisation policies and practices suggests that there is little or no scope allowed for the effects of variance in the way health systems work, the difficulties and tensions faced by health workers, or differences in the way people think about childhood illnesses that reflect cultural differences. The book argues that the need to show progress can create distortions and lead to the production of misleading data and an unwillingness to report problems. It proposes that vaccines could more effectively serve children's health needs if immunisation programmes are better understood and acknowledged, and if local knowledge and realities were enabled to inform national and international health policy. Written by an international, interdisciplinary team of experts in immunisation policy, Protecting the World's Children is an integrative study of immunisation policy and practice at a global, national and community level, and is an essential resource for researchers and practitioners in international and public health, as well as professionals in international and development studies.
Author : Robert J. Richards
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022631720X
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)
Download or read book Kuhn's 'Structure of Scientific Revolutions' at Fifty written by Robert J. Richards and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016-03-25 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thomas S. Kuhn's 'The Structure of Scientific Revolutions' was a watershed event when it was published in 1962, upending the previous understanding of science as a slow, logical accumulation of facts and introducing, with the concept of the 'paradigm shift,' social and psychological considerations into the heart of the scientific process. The essays in this book exhume important historical context for Kuhn's work, critically analyzing its foundations in twentieth-century science, politics and Kuhn's own intellectual biography.
Author : Lawrence D. Longo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461479215
Total Pages : 533 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book The Rise of Fetal and Neonatal Physiology written by Lawrence D. Longo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-15 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the mid- to late-twentieth century, study of the physiology of the developing fetus and newborn infant evolved rapidly to become a major discipline in the biomedical sciences. Initially of interest from a standpoint of function of the placenta and oxygenation of the fetus, the field advanced to explore both normal functional mechanisms as well as pathophysiologic aspects of their regulation. Examples include studying the role and regulation of circulatory vascular anatomic shunts in oxygenation, cardiac function, certain aspects of asphyxia in the fetus and newborn infant, the role of fetal “breathing” movements, cyclic electroencephalographic activity, and analysis of electronic monitoring of fetal heart rate variability and its significance. Included in this book are reminisces of several dozen individuals who played a vital role in these developments. Overall, this survey considers a number of aspects of the development of the science of fetal and neonatal physiology, and its role in the greatly improved care of pregnant women and their newborn infants. This book is published on behalf of the American Physiological Society by Springer. Access to APS books published with Springer is free to APS members.
