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Biological Conversion Of Synthesis Gas Limiting Conditions
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Book Synopsis Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas. Limiting Conditions by :
Download or read book Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas. Limiting Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research is to develop a technically and economically feasible process for biologically producing H2 from synthesis gas while, at the same time, removing harmful sulfur gas compounds. Six major tasks are being studied: 1. Culture development, where the best cultures are selected and conditions optimized for simultaneous hydrogen production and sulfur gas removal; 2. Mass transfer and kinetic studies in which equations necessary for process design are developed; 3. Bioreactor design studies, where the cultures chosen in Task 1 are utilized in continuous reaction vessels to demonstrate process feasibility and define operating conditions; 4. Evaluation of biological synthetic gas conversion under limiting conditions in preparation for industrial demonstration studies; 5. Process scale-up where laboratory data are scaled to larger-size units in preparation for process demonstration in a pilot-scale unit; and 6. Economic evaluation, where process simulations are used to project process economics and identify high cost areas during sensitivity analyses.
Book Synopsis Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas. Topical Report by :
Download or read book Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas. Topical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the proposed research is to develop a technically and economically feasible process for biologically producing H2 from synthesis gas while, at the same time, removing harmful sulfur gas compounds. Six major tasks are being studied: culture development, where the best cultures are selected and conditions optimized for simultaneous hydrogen production and sulfur gas removal; mass transfer and kinetic studies in which equations necessary for process design are developed; bioreactor design studies, where the cultures chosen in Task 1 are utilized in continuous reaction vessels to demonstrate process feasibility and define operating conditions; evaluation of biological synthesis gas conversion under limiting conditions in preparation for industrial demonstration studies; process scale-up where laboratory data are scaled to larger-size units in preparation for process demonstration in a pilot-scale unit; and economic evaluation, where process simulations are used to project process economics and identify high cost areas during sensitivity analyses. The purpose of this report is to present economic evaluations for H2 production from synthesis gone by Rhodospirillum rubrum. Cases are presented with and without light requirements and in stirred tank and immobilized cell reactors. In addition, economic information is presented for isolate ERIH2 (from Engineering Resources, Inc.) in the two reactors with and without H2 recovery.
Download or read book קובץ באסטרונומיה ובאסטרולוגיה written by and published by . This book was released on 14?? with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas by :
Download or read book Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report details the status of the Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas Project. The following tasks are described as being completed: (1) the test plan, (2) culture development, and (3) the mass transfer/kinetic studies. The bioreactor studies (Task 4) are underway. The continuous stirred tank reactor system for the conversion of H2S to elemental sulfur using Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum has been studied for varying light intensities. The system was also modified to include both sulfur recovery and cell recycle using ceramic membranes. Studies were also performed to observe the effects of cell recycle using a polysulfone hollow filter membrane module. Work on Task 5, limiting conditions/scale-up, includes a scale-up study with three different size reactors to establish the optimum operating conditions for hydrogen production from synthesis gas by the biological water-gas shift reaction using the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. Finally, Task 6, an economic analysis, was performed for the H2 production system using R. rubrum. The analyses show that biological H2 production from syngas can be very economical if the light requirements for R. rubrum can be neglected.
Book Synopsis Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas by :
Download or read book Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Syngas is known to contain approximately 1 percent H[sub 2]S, along with CO[sub 2], C0[sub 2], H[sub 2] and CH[sub 4]. Similarly, the syngas may become contaminated with oxygen, particularly during reactor start-up and during maintenance. Previous studies with the water-gas shift bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum have shown that the bacterium is tolerant of small quantities of oxygen, but the effects of oxygen on CO-consumption are unknown. Similarly, R. rubrum is known to be tolerant of H[sub 2]S, with high concentrations of H[sub 2]S negatively affecting CO-uptake. Batch experiments were thus carried out to determine the effects of H[sub 2]S and O[sub 2] on CO-uptake by R. rubrum. The results of these experiments were quantified by using Monod equations modified by adding terms for CO, H[sub 2]S and O[sub 2] inhibition. The techniques used in determining kinetic expressions previously shown for other gas-phase substrate bacterial systems including R. rubrum were utilized.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas Culture Development by :
Download or read book Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas Culture Development written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research continues on the conversion of synthesis by shift reactions involving bacteria. Topics discussed here include: biological water gas shift, sulfur gas utilization, experimental screening procedures, water gas shift studies, H2S removal studies, COS degradation by selected CO-utilizing bacteria, and indirect COS utilization by Chlorobia. (VC).
Download or read book Synthesis Gas written by James G. Speight and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a follow-up to the Handbook of Gasification Technology, also from Wiley-Scrivener, Synthesis Gas goes into more depth on how the products from this important technology can reduce our global carbon footprint and lead the United States, and other countries, toward energy independence. The environmental benefits are very high, and, along with carbon capture and renewable fuels, synthesis gas (or syngas) is a huge step toward environmental sustainability. Synthesis gas is one of the most important advancements that has ever occurred in energy production. Using this technology, for example, coal, biomass, waste products, or a combination of two or more of these can be gasified into a product that has roughly half the carbon footprint of coal alone. Used on a massive scale, just think of the potential for reducing carbon emissions! Synthesis Gas covers all aspects of the technology, from the chemistry, processes, and production, to the products, feedstocks, and even safety in the plant. Whether a veteran engineer or scientist using it as a reference or a professor using it as a textbook, this outstanding new volume is a must-have for any library.
Book Synopsis Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas. Project Status Report, October 1, 1992--December 31, 1992 by :
Download or read book Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas. Project Status Report, October 1, 1992--December 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Syngas is known to contain approximately 1 percent H2S, along with CO2, C02, H2 and CH4. Similarly, the syngas may become contaminated with oxygen, particularly during reactor start-up and during maintenance. Previous studies with the water-gas shift bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum have shown that the bacterium is tolerant of small quantities of oxygen, but the effects of oxygen on CO-consumption are unknown. Similarly, R. rubrum is known to be tolerant of H2S, with high concentrations of H2S negatively affecting CO-uptake. Batch experiments were thus carried out to determine the effects of H2S and O2 on CO-uptake by R. rubrum. The results of these experiments were quantified by using Monod equations modified by adding terms for CO, H2S and O2 inhibition. The techniques used in determining kinetic expressions previously shown for other gas-phase substrate bacterial systems including R. rubrum were utilized.
Book Synopsis Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications by : Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Download or read book Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications written by Mohammad Reza Rahimpour and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-18 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Products and Usage considers the applications and usages of syngas for producing different chemical materials such as hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, methane, ammonia, and more. In addition, power generation in fuel cells, or in combination with heat from syngas, as well as iron reduction with economic and environmental challenges for syngas utilization are described in detail. Introduces syngas characteristics and its properties Describes various methods and technologies for producing syngas Discusses syngas production from different roots and feedstocks
Book Synopsis Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas. Mass Transfer/kinetic Studies by :
Download or read book Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas. Mass Transfer/kinetic Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass transfer and kinetic studies were carried out for the Rhodospirillum rubrum and Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum bacterial systems. R. rubrum is a photosynthetic anaerobic bacterium which catalyzes the biological water gas shift reaction: CO + H20 → CO2 + H2. C. thiosulfatophilum is also a H2S and COS to elemental sulfur. The growth of R. rubrum may be satisfactorily carried out at 25° and 30°C, while CO uptake and thus the conversion of CO best occurs at temperatures of either 30°, 32° or 34°C. The rate of conversion of COs and H2O to CO2 and H2S may be modeled by a first order rate expression. The rate constant at 30°C was found to be 0.243 h−1. The growth of C. thiosulfatophilum may be modeled in terms of incoming light intensity using a Monod equation: [mu] = 351 + I{sub o}/{sup 0.152}I{sub o}. Comparisons of the growth of R. rubrum and C. thiosulfatophilum shows that the specific growth rate of C. thiosulfatophilum is much higher at a given light intensity.
Book Synopsis Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas. Final Report, August 31, 1990--September 3, 1993 by :
Download or read book Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas. Final Report, August 31, 1990--September 3, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based upon the results of this culture screening study, Rhodospirillum rubrum is recommended for biocatalysis of the water gas shift reaction and Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum is recommended for H2S conversion to elemental sulfur. Both bacteria require tungsten light for growth and can be co-cultured together if H2S conversion is not complete (required concentration of at least 1 ppM), thereby presenting H2 uptake by Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum. COS degradation may be accomplished by utilizing various CO-utilizing bacteria or by indirectly converting COS to elemental sulfur after the COS first undergoes reaction to H2 in water. The second alternative is probably preferred due to the low expected concentration of COS relative to H2S. Mass transfer and kinetic studies were carried out for the Rhodospirillum rubrum and Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum bacterial systems. Rhodospirillum rubrum is a photosynthetic anaerobic bacterium which catalyzes the biological water gas shift reaction: CO + H2O --> CO2 + H2. Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum is also a photosynthetic anaerobic bacteria, and converts H2S and COS to elemental sulfur.
Book Synopsis Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Hydrocarbons Vol. 2 Technology by : Inamuddin
Download or read book Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Hydrocarbons Vol. 2 Technology written by Inamuddin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-13 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents chemical and biological methods to convert carbon dioxide into various products such as methanol, ethanol, formic acid, formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds, syngas and polymers.
Book Synopsis Natural Gas Conversion II by : H.E. Curry-Hyde
Download or read book Natural Gas Conversion II written by H.E. Curry-Hyde and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1994-07-15 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Symposium provided the opportunity to review progress after more than 10 years of research and development in the field of natural gas conversion. Oxidative coupling of methane as a route to higher value fuels or feedstock was a major part of the program. The advances in understanding of reaction mechanisms and catalyst structure were discussed in a Plenary paper and in many of the contributed papers. The homogeneous gas phase chemistry involved in methane oxidation is relevant not only to oxidative coupling but also to synthesis gas and methanol production via partial oxidation. This field is reviewed in a Plenary paper and contributed papers describe developments in catalysts and technology for partial oxidation to synthesis gas and to methanol. An alternative route to synthesis gas from methane currently receiving attention is carbon dioxide reforming. This technology is reviewed in a Plenary paper and recent advances are described in contributed papers. The first detailed account of the Shell SMDS Fischer-Tropsch process for production of transport fuels from natural gas recently commercialised in Malaysia is given in this book. Papers discuss structural aspects of Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, modifications of Fischer-Tropsch catalysts to produce light olefins, and the possibilities of operating a Fischer-Tropsch process off-shore. Methanol as an intermediate in natural gas conversion continues to attract attention, and methanol synthesis and conversion are discussed in contributed papers. The possibilities of finding new uses for methane are treated in a Plenary paper and arguments for using methane as a fuel rather than a feedstock are also presented. Among the new uses of methane considered are the generation of electricity in fuel cells and the use of methane as a reductant for NOx emissions. The papers will be of interest to scientists and engineers working in the field of gas conversion, transportation fuels, primary petrochemicals and catalysis.
Book Synopsis Sustainable Alternative Syngas Fuel by : Chaouki Ghenai
Download or read book Sustainable Alternative Syngas Fuel written by Chaouki Ghenai and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development and use of sustainable and alternative fuels (syngas, biogas, biodiesel, bio-oil, hydrogen) derived from sources other than petroleum is needed due to the limited fossil fuel resources, the need for reduction of atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions, energy security, and to meet the future high energy demand due to population growth. New alternative fuels that can be produced locally and derived from renewable sources will be more sustainable compared to fossil fuels. Alternative and renewable fuels can be produced using different thermochemical and bio-chemical processes. Gasification is a thermochemical process used to produce syngas fuel (mainly hydrogen and carbon dioxide) from renewable (biomass) and conventional (coal) sources. The syngas fuels produced from the gasification process can be used for different applications: power generation (combustion of syngas fuel in gas turbine engines), heating, and transportation (internal combustion engines). This book intends to provide the reader with an overview of the current technologies, methods, and strategies of syngas fuel production, characterization, and application.
Book Synopsis Effect of Leafspots on Quality of Turnip Greens Grown for Processing by : Donald Ray Sumner
Download or read book Effect of Leafspots on Quality of Turnip Greens Grown for Processing written by Donald Ray Sumner and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas. Project Status Report, April 1, 1992--June 30, 1992 by :
Download or read book Biological Conversion of Synthesis Gas. Project Status Report, April 1, 1992--June 30, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overall mass transfer coefficients for CO have been determined in a continuous stirred-tank reactor at agitation rates of 300--700 rpm using a biological system with the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. A non-steady state approach was employed in order to separate mass transfer and kinetic limited regions of the fermentation. As a result, a kinetic model could be developed for specific CO uptake by the culture including the apparent CO inhibition. The maximum specific CO uptake rate found matched the earlier results obtained in batch culture and by other investigators. CO inhibition was more predominant in CSTR culture than in batch culture, perhaps due to CO acclimation. The growth of the photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum on CO2 has been studied at light intensities ranging from 27-1723 lux in batch culture. Modeling results indicate that growth is dependent upon light intensity according to a Monod type relationship.
