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Biogeochemistry Of Woody Plant Invasion
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Book Synopsis Biogeochemistry of Woody Plant Invasion by : Ilsa Beth Kantola
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Woody Plant Invasion written by Ilsa Beth Kantola and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Woody plant encroachment is a globally-prevalent vegetation change phenomenon that has shifted grass-dominated ecosystems to mixed grass and woody plant matrices over the last century. In the Rio Grande Plains of Texas, the introduction of N-fixing woody legumes has increased above- and belowground primary productivity and changed the litter chemistry of the system, accelerating rates of belowground biogeochemical processes. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of grassland to woodland transition on i) P concentrations in soil physical fractions that differ in their organic matter turnover rates, ii) P availability within the soil over the course of woody encroachment and across the landscape, and iii) microbial community composition and diversity. Soil samples were collected in remnant grasslands and four woody landscape elements (clusters, groves, drainage woodlands, and playas) along a 135-yr chronosequence of woody plant encroachment. P was fractionated by the Hedley method and P concentrations were determined by alkaline oxidation and lithium fusion coupled with ascorbic acid colorimetry. Bacterial and fungal communities were characterized by molecular methods. Whole soil P concentrations were 2-5X greater in woody landscape elements than in grasslands, and nutrient concentrations increased linearly with time following woody plant invasion in all but the slowest-cycling physical fractions. Plant-available P and organic P increased dramatically with time following encroachment. Changes in P availability were more pronounced in drainages and playas than in upland clusters and groves. Analysis of the bacterial and fungal communities demonstrated that microbial communities in grasslands differ at both phylum and genus level from the flora of the wooded landscape elements. This study demonstrates that woody encroachment strongly influences the distribution and availability of soil P and indicates that nutrient cycles in the soil are closely linked and similarly affected by increased woody plant abundance. Microbial communities under woody species differ in composition from those of the grasslands, and are likely contributing to the observed changes in nutrient availability. Since N and P are generally the most limiting nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems, increased stores of P are likely to alter rates of microbial processes, plant-microbe and plant-plant interactions, and successional dynamics in this ecosystem and similar landscapes around the world.
Book Synopsis Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry by : Delphis F. Levia
Download or read book Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry written by Delphis F. Levia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-15 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This international rigorously peer-reviewed volume critically synthesizes current knowledge in forest hydrology and biogeochemistry. It is a one-stop comprehensive reference tool for researchers and practitioners in the fields of hydrology, biogeoscience, ecology, forestry, boundary-layer meteorology, and geography. Following an introductory chapter tracing the historical roots of the subject, the book is divided into the following main sections: · Sampling and Novel Approaches · Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry by Ecoregion and Forest Type · Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Fluxes from the Canopy to the Phreatic Surface · Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Fluxes in Forest Ecosystems: Effects of Time, Stressors, and Humans The volume concludes with a final chapter that reflects on the current state of knowledge and identifies some areas in need of further research.
Book Synopsis Biogeochemistry by : W.H. Schlesinger
Download or read book Biogeochemistry written by W.H. Schlesinger and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-06-08 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Treatise on Geochemistry is the first work providing a comprehensive, integrated summary of the present state of geochemistry. It deals with all the major subjects in the field, ranging from the chemistry of the solar system to environmental geochemistry. The Treatise on Geochemistry has drawn on the expertise of outstanding scientists throughout the world, creating the reference work in geochemistry for the next decade. Each volume consists of fifteen to twenty-five chapters written by recognized authorities in their fields, and chosen by the Volume Editors in consultation with the Executive Editors. Particular emphasis has been placed on integrating the subject matter of the individual chapters and volumes. Elsevier also offers the Treatise on Geochemistry in electronic format via the online platform ScienceDirect, the most comprehensive database of academic research on the Internet today, enhanced by a suite of sophisticated linking, searching and retrieval tools.
Book Synopsis Biogeochemistry of Wetlands by : K. Ramesh Reddy
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Wetlands written by K. Ramesh Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-10 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Botany written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management by : Ken W. Krauss
Download or read book Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management written by Ken W. Krauss and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores how the management of wetlands can influence carbon storage and fluxes. Wetlands are vital natural assets, including their ability to take-up atmospheric carbon and restrict subsequent carbon loss to facilitate long-term storage. They can be deliberately managed to provide a natural solution to mitigate climate change, as well as to help offset direct losses of wetlands from various land-use changes and natural drivers. Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management presents a collection of wetland research studies from around the world to demonstrate how environmental management can improve carbon sequestration while enhancing wetland health and function. Volume highlights include: Overview of carbon storage in the landscape Introduction to wetland management practices Comparisons of natural, managed, and converted wetlands Impact of wetland management on carbon storage or loss Techniques for scientific assessment of wetland carbon processes Case studies covering tropical, coastal, inland, and northern wetlands Primer for carbon offset trading programs and how wetlands might contribute The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity.Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Book Synopsis Global Biogeochemical Cycles in the Climate System by : Ernst-Detlef Schulze
Download or read book Global Biogeochemical Cycles in the Climate System written by Ernst-Detlef Schulze and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-08-10 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interactions of biogeochemical cycles influence and maintain our climate system. Land use and fossil fuel emissions are currently impacting the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur on land, in the atmosphere, and in the oceans. This edited volume brings together 27 scholarly contributions on the state of our knowledge of earth system interactions among the oceans, land, and atmosphere. A unique feature of this treatment is the focus on the paleoclimatic and paleobiotic context for investigating these complex interrelationships. * Eight-page colour insert to highlight the latest research * A unique feature of this treatment is the focus on the paleoclimatic context for investigating these complex interrelationships.
Download or read book Treatise on Geochemistry written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 14787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
Book Synopsis Invasion of Woody Legumes by : O.W. Van Auken
Download or read book Invasion of Woody Legumes written by O.W. Van Auken and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes our current knowledge of the invasion or encroachment and cause of population growth and spread of some dry land, arid zone woody legumes. Community structure, population growth, and competition of these woody legumes will also be examined. These species and ecosystems are both extensive and dynamic. They occur worldwide, but mainly in the arid zones of the tropics and sub-tropics. The cause of the growth and spread of these species and communities has long been claimed to be caused by distal factors rather than proximal ones. However, these species appear to be influenced and perhaps controlled by anthropogenic factors, specifically grazing and fire or lack of fire. Their overall worldwide distribution has probably changed little in the recent past, but their populations have expanded into grasslands and their density has increased in many places. Some associated communities have shown dramatic changes in response to recent large-scale droughts and the loss of most of the dominant overstory species. However, changes in the woody legume communities and their species are generally unknown.
Book Synopsis Scaling and Uncertainty Analysis in Ecology by : Jianguo Wu
Download or read book Scaling and Uncertainty Analysis in Ecology written by Jianguo Wu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-02 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book of its kind – explicitly considering uncertainty and error analysis as an integral part of scaling. The book draws together a series of important case studies to provide a comprehensive review and synthesis of the most recent concepts, theories and methods in scaling and uncertainty analysis. It includes case studies illustrating how scaling and uncertainty analysis are being conducted in ecology and environmental science.
Book Synopsis Effects of Woody Encroachment on Savannah Nitrogen Dynamics by : Roberta Enders Martin
Download or read book Effects of Woody Encroachment on Savannah Nitrogen Dynamics written by Roberta Enders Martin and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Habitat Loss and Fragmentation Caused by Woody Plant Encroachment on Native Plant Diversity and on an Invasive Grass by : Karen Marie Alofs
Download or read book The Effects of Habitat Loss and Fragmentation Caused by Woody Plant Encroachment on Native Plant Diversity and on an Invasive Grass written by Karen Marie Alofs and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Habitat loss, habitat fragmentation and species invasions have been recognized as three of the leading threats to biodiversity. I examined the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on native and invasive plants in central Texas. During the last century, the density and abundance of woody plants has been increasing in the savannas of eastern Edwards Plateau. This process, known as woody plant encroachment, not only reduces the amount of open herbaceous habitat but also fragments that habitat creating smaller and more isolated patches. In three studies, I investigated the consequences of this habitat loss and fragmentation for plants which do not occur under the cover of woody plants including native grasses and forbs and the invasive Eurasian bunchgrass, Bothriochloa ischaemum (King Ranch Bluestem). In the first study, I show that woody plant encroachment reduces native herbaceous species richness (the number of species in a given area). Using a collection of historical aerial photographs, I demonstrate that current native herbaceous species richness was most strongly related to recent habitat amount, but to the degree of habitat fragmentation at least 50 years ago. In a second study, I show that the presence of B. ischaemum was negatively related to the degree of fragmentation in the surrounding landscape. Finally, I found that B. ischaemum had higher rates of germination and growth in experimental plots where the species commonly lost with woody plant encroachment were removed than in unmanipulated control plots. Together, this work suggests that woody plant encroachment is directly slowing the spread of an invasive species while indirectly facilitating its establishment.
Book Synopsis Land Change Science by : Garik Gutman
Download or read book Land Change Science written by Garik Gutman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-24 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a synthesis of the NASA funded work under the Land-Cover and Land-Use Change Program. Hundreds of scientists have worked for the past eight years to understand one of the most important forces that is changing our planet-human impacts on land cover, that is land use. Its contributions span the natural and the social sciences, and apply state-of-the-art techniques for understanding the earth: satellite remote sensing, geographic information systems, modeling, and advanced computing. It brings together detailed case studies, regional analyses, and globally scaled mapping efforts. This is the most organized effort made to understand the dominant force that has been responsible for changing the Earth’s biosphere. Audience: This publication will be of interest to students, scientists, and policy makers. This volume includes a CD-ROM containing full color images of a selection of illustrations which are printed in black-and-white in the book.
Book Synopsis Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States by : Therese M. Poland
Download or read book Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States written by Therese M. Poland and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.
Book Synopsis Applied Geochemistry with Case Studies on Geological Formations, Exploration Techniques and Environmental Issues by : Felipe Luis Mazadiego
Download or read book Applied Geochemistry with Case Studies on Geological Formations, Exploration Techniques and Environmental Issues written by Felipe Luis Mazadiego and published by . This book was released on 2020-02-05 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Soil Carbon Sequestration and the Greenhouse Effect by : R. Lal
Download or read book Soil Carbon Sequestration and the Greenhouse Effect written by R. Lal and published by ASA-CSSA-SSSA. This book was released on 2009 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the concept of the Greenhouse Effect is more than a century old, but today the observed and predicted climate changes. This second edition of Soil Carbon Sequestration and the Greenhouse Effect is essential reading for understandingthe processes, properties, and practices affecting the soil carbon pool and its dynamics.
Book Synopsis Recarbonization of the Biosphere by : Rattan Lal
Download or read book Recarbonization of the Biosphere written by Rattan Lal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-30 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human activities are significantly modifying the natural global carbon (C) cycles, and concomitantly influence climate, ecosystems, and state and function of the Earth system. Ever increasing amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) are added to the atmosphere by fossil fuel combustion but the biosphere is a potential C sink. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of C cycling in the biosphere is crucial for identifying and managing biospheric C sinks. Ecosystems with large C stocks which must be protected and sustainably managed are wetlands, peatlands, tropical rainforests, tropical savannas, grasslands, degraded/desertified lands, agricultural lands, and urban lands. However, land-based sinks require long-term management and a protection strategy because C stocks grow with a progressive improvement in ecosystem health.
