Binding Transport And Storage Of Metal Ions In Biological Cells

Download Binding Transport And Storage Of Metal Ions In Biological Cells full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Binding Transport And Storage Of Metal Ions In Biological Cells ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Binding, Transport and Storage of Metal Ions in Biological Cells

Author : Wolfgang Maret
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781849739979
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (399 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Binding, Transport and Storage of Metal Ions in Biological Cells by : Wolfgang Maret

Download or read book Binding, Transport and Storage of Metal Ions in Biological Cells written by Wolfgang Maret and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal ions play key roles in biology. Many are essential for catalysis, for electron transfer and for the fixation, sensing, and metabolism of gases. Others compete with those essential metal ions or have toxic or pharmacological effects. This book is structured around the periodic table and focuses on the control of metal ions in cells. It addresses the molecular aspects of binding, transport and storage that ensure balanced levels of the essential elements. Organisms have also developed mechanisms to deal with the non-essential metal ions. However, through new uses and manufacturing processes, organisms are increasingly exposed to changing levels of both essential and non-essential ions in new chemical forms. They may not have developed defenses against some of these forms (such as nanoparticles). Many diseases such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegeneration are associated with metal ion imbalance. There may be a deficiency of the essential metals, overload of either essential or non-essential metals or perturbation of the overall natural balance. This book is the first to comprehensively survey the molecular nature of the overall natural balance of metal ions in nutrition, toxicology and pharmacology. It is written as an introduction to research for students and researchers in academia and industry and begins with a chapter by Professor R J P Williams FRS.

Binding, Transport and Storage of Metal Ions in Biological Cells

Author : Wolfgang Maret
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1849735999
Total Pages : 938 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (497 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Binding, Transport and Storage of Metal Ions in Biological Cells by : Wolfgang Maret

Download or read book Binding, Transport and Storage of Metal Ions in Biological Cells written by Wolfgang Maret and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-07-30 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal ions play key roles in biology. Many are essential for catalysis, for electron transfer and for the fixation, sensing, and metabolism of gases. Others compete with those essential metal ions or have toxic or pharmacological effects. This book is structured around the periodic table and focuses on the control of metal ions in cells. It addresses the molecular aspects of binding, transport and storage that ensure balanced levels of the essential elements. Organisms have also developed mechanisms to deal with the non-essential metal ions. However, through new uses and manufacturing processes, organisms are increasingly exposed to changing levels of both essential and non-essential ions in new chemical forms. They may not have developed defenses against some of these forms (such as nanoparticles). Many diseases such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegeneration are associated with metal ion imbalance. There may be a deficiency of the essential metals, overload of either essential or non-essential metals or perturbation of the overall natural balance. This book is the first to comprehensively survey the molecular nature of the overall natural balance of metal ions in nutrition, toxicology and pharmacology. It is written as an introduction to research for students and researchers in academia and industry and begins with a chapter by Professor R J P Williams FRS.

Metal Transporters

Author : Jose M. Arguello
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123943906
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metal Transporters by : Jose M. Arguello

Download or read book Metal Transporters written by Jose M. Arguello and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-25 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Current Topics in Membranes focuses on metal transmembrane transporters and pumps, a recently discovered family of membrane proteins with many important roles in the physiology of living organisms. The book summarizes the most recent advances in the field of metal ion transport and provides a broad overview of the major classes of transporters involved in homeostasis of heavy metals. Various families of the transporters and metal specificities are discussed with the focus on the structural and mechanistic aspects of their function and regulation. The reader will access information obtained through a variety of approaches ranging from X-ray crystallography to cell biology and bioinformatics, which have been applied to transporters identified in diverse biological systems, such as pathogenic bacteria, plants, humans and others. Field is cutting-edge and a lot of the information is new to research community Wide breadth of topic coverage Contributors of high renown and expertise

Binding, Transport and Storage of Metal Ions in Biological Cells

Author : Wolfgang Maret
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1782622829
Total Pages : 938 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (826 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Binding, Transport and Storage of Metal Ions in Biological Cells by : Wolfgang Maret

Download or read book Binding, Transport and Storage of Metal Ions in Biological Cells written by Wolfgang Maret and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-07-09 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal ions play key roles in biology. Many are essential for catalysis, for electron transfer and for the fixation, sensing, and metabolism of gases. Others compete with those essential metal ions or have toxic or pharmacological effects. This book is structured around the periodic table and focuses on the control of metal ions in cells. It addresses the molecular aspects of binding, transport and storage that ensure balanced levels of the essential elements. Organisms have also developed mechanisms to deal with the non-essential metal ions. However, through new uses and manufacturing processes, organisms are increasingly exposed to changing levels of both essential and non-essential ions in new chemical forms. They may not have developed defenses against some of these forms (such as nanoparticles). Many diseases such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegeneration are associated with metal ion imbalance. There may be a deficiency of the essential metals, overload of either essential or non-essential metals or perturbation of the overall natural balance. This book is the first to comprehensively survey the molecular nature of the overall natural balance of metal ions in nutrition, toxicology and pharmacology. It is written as an introduction to research for students and researchers in academia and industry and begins with a chapter by Professor R J P Williams FRS.

Biological Inorganic Chemistry

Author : Ivano Bertini
Publisher : University Science Books
ISBN 13 : 9781891389436
Total Pages : 794 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (894 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Biological Inorganic Chemistry by : Ivano Bertini

Download or read book Biological Inorganic Chemistry written by Ivano Bertini and published by University Science Books. This book was released on 2007 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part A.: Overviews of biological inorganic chemistry : 1. Bioinorganic chemistry and the biogeochemical cycles -- 2. Metal ions and proteins: binding, stability, and folding -- 3. Special cofactors and metal clusters -- 4. Transport and storage of metal ions in biology -- 5. Biominerals and biomineralization -- 6. Metals in medicine. -- Part B.: Metal ion containing biological systems : 1. Metal ion transport and storage -- 2. Hydrolytic chemistry -- 3. Electron transfer, respiration, and photosynthesis -- 4. Oxygen metabolism -- 5. Hydrogen, carbon, and sulfur metabolism -- 6. Metalloenzymes with radical intermediates -- 7. Metal ion receptors and signaling. -- Cell biology, biochemistry, and evolution: Tutorial I. -- Fundamentals of coordination chemistry: Tutorial II.

Trace Metals and Infectious Diseases

Author : Jerome O. Nriagu
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262327627
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Trace Metals and Infectious Diseases by : Jerome O. Nriagu

Download or read book Trace Metals and Infectious Diseases written by Jerome O. Nriagu and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2015-05-08 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts explore the influence of trace metals on the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Many parts of the world in which common infectious diseases are endemic also have the highest prevalence of trace metal deficiencies or rising rates of trace metal pollution. Infectious diseases can increase human susceptibility to adverse effects of metal exposure (at suboptimal or toxic levels), and metal excess or deficiency can increase the incidence or severity of infectious diseases. The co-clustering of major infectious diseases with trace metal deficiency or toxicity has created a complex web of interactions with serious but poorly understood health repercussions, yet has been largely overlooked in animal and human studies. This book focuses on the distribution, trafficking, fate, and effects of trace metals in biological systems. Its goal is to enhance our understanding of the relationships between homeostatic mechanisms of trace metals and the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Drawing on expertise from a range of fields, the book offers a comprehensive review of current knowledge on vertebrate metal-withholding mechanisms and the strategies employed by different microbes to avoid starvation (or poisoning). Chapters summarize current, state-of-the-art techniques for investigating pathogen-metal interactions and highlight open question to guide future research. The book makes clear that improving knowledge in this area will be instrumental to the development of novel therapeutic measures against infectious diseases. Contributors M. Leigh Ackland, Vahid Fa Andisi, Angele L. Arrieta, Michael A. Bachman, J. Sabine Becker, Robert E. Black, Julia Bornhorst, Sascha Brunke, Joseph A. Caruso, Jennifer S. Cavet, Anson C. K. Chan, Christopher H. Contag, Heran Darwin, George V. Dedoussis, Rodney R. Dietert, Victor J. DiRita, Carol A. Fierke, Tamara Garcia-Barrera, David P. Giedroc, Peter-Leon Hagedoorn, James A. Imlay, Marek J. Kobylarz, Joseph Lemire, Wenwen Liu, Slade A. Loutet, Wolfgang Maret, Andreas Matusch, Trevor F. Moraes, Michael E. P. Murphy, Maribel Navarro, Jerome O. Nriagu, Ana-Maria Oros-Peusquens, Elisabeth G. Pacyna, Jozef M. Pacyna, Robert D. Perry, John M. Pettifor, Stephanie Pfaffen, Dieter Rehder, Lothar Rink, Anthony B. Schryvers, Ellen K. Silbergeld, Eric P. Skaar, Miguel C. P. Soares, Kyrre Sundseth, Dennis J. Thiele, Richard B. Thompson, Meghan M. Verstraete, Gonzalo Visbal, Fudi Wang, Mian Wang, Thomas J. Webster, Jeffrey N. Weiser, Günter Weiss, Inga Wessels, Bin Ye, Judith T. Zelikoff, Lihong Zhang

Metal Transporters

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123946107
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metal Transporters by :

Download or read book Metal Transporters written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-05 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Current Topics in Membranes focuses on metal transmembrane transporters and pumps, a recently discovered family of membrane proteins with many important roles in the physiology of living organisms. The book summarizes the most recent advances in the field of metal ion transport and provides a broad overview of the major classes of transporters involved in homeostasis of heavy metals. Various families of the transporters and metal specificities are discussed with the focus on the structural and mechanistic aspects of their function and regulation. The reader will access information obtained through a variety of approaches ranging from X-ray crystallography to cell biology and bioinformatics, which have been applied to transporters identified in diverse biological systems, such as pathogenic bacteria, plants, humans and others. Field is cutting-edge and a lot of the information is new to research community Wide breadth of topic coverage Contributors of high renown and expertise

Metals in Cells

Author : Valeria Culotta
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118636864
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metals in Cells by : Valeria Culotta

Download or read book Metals in Cells written by Valeria Culotta and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-16 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last three decades a lot of research on the role of metals in biochemistry and medicine has been done. As a result many structures of biomolecules with metals have been characterized and medicinal chemistry studied the effects of metal containing drugs. This new book (from the EIBC Book Series) covers recent advances made by top researchers in the field of metals in cells [the “metallome”] and include: regulated metal ion uptake and trafficking, sensing of metals within cells and across tissues, and identification of the vast cellular factors designed to orchestrate assembly of metal cofactor sites while minimizing toxic side reactions of metals. In addition, it features aspects of metals in disease, including the role of metals in neuro-degeneration, liver disease, and inflammation, as a way to highlight the detrimental effects of mishandling of metal trafficking and response to "foreign" metals. With the breadth of our recently acquired understanding of metals in cells, a book that features key aspects of cellular handling of inorganic elements is both timely and important. At this point in our understanding, it is worthwhile to step back and take an expansive view of how far our understanding has come, while also highlighting how much we still do not know. The content from this book will publish online, as part of EIBC in December 2013, find out more about the Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, the essential online resource for researchers and students working in all areas of inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry.

Metals Ions in Biological System

Author : Astrid Sigel
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 020390933X
Total Pages : 856 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (39 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metals Ions in Biological System by : Astrid Sigel

Download or read book Metals Ions in Biological System written by Astrid Sigel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-03-06 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 39: Molybdenum and Tungsten: Their Roles in Biological Processes is devoted soley to the vital research area on molybdenum and tungsten and their role in biology. It offers a comprehensive and timely account of this fascinating topic by 40 distinguished international authorities. Topics include: transport, homeostasis, regulation and binding

Metal Ions in Biological Systems

Author : Helmut Sigel
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780824779320
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (793 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metal Ions in Biological Systems by : Helmut Sigel

Download or read book Metal Ions in Biological Systems written by Helmut Sigel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1988-08-24 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 44, devoted solely to the vital research areas concerning the biogeochemistry of metals and their transport in the environment and availability to living systems, offers 9 timely and authoritative chapters on these fascinating topics by 19 internationally recognized experts.

The Biological Chemistry of Nickel

Author : Deborah Zamble
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1782624988
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (826 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Biological Chemistry of Nickel by : Deborah Zamble

Download or read book The Biological Chemistry of Nickel written by Deborah Zamble and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-04-04 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal ions play key roles in biology. Many are essential for catalysis, for electron transfer and for the fixation, sensing, and metabolism of gases. Others compete with those essential metal ions or have toxic or pharmacological effects. This book is structured around the periodic table and focuses on the control of metal ions in cells. It addresses the molecular aspects of binding, transport and storage that ensure balanced levels of the essential elements. Organisms have also developed mechanisms to deal with the non-essential metal ions. However, through new uses and manufacturing processes, organisms are increasingly exposed to changing levels of both essential and non-essential ions in new chemical forms. They may not have developed defenses against some of these forms (such as nanoparticles). Many diseases such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegeneration are associated with metal ion imbalance. There may be a deficiency of the essential metals, overload of either essential or non-essential metals or perturbation of the overall natural balance. This book is the first to comprehensively survey the molecular nature of the overall natural balance of metal ions in nutrition, toxicology and pharmacology. It is written as an introduction to research for students and researchers in academia and industry and begins with a chapter by Professor R J P Williams FRS.

Metal Ions in Biological Systems

Author : Helmut Sigel
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780824775407
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (754 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metal Ions in Biological Systems by : Helmut Sigel

Download or read book Metal Ions in Biological Systems written by Helmut Sigel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1986-02-21 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Ions in Biological Systems is devoted to increasing our understanding of the relationship between the chemistry of metals and life processes. The volumes reflect the interdisciplinary nature of bioinorganic chemistry and coordinate the efforts of researchers in the fields of biochemistry, inorganic chemistry, coordination chemistry, environmental chemistry, biophysics, pharmacy, and medicine. Volumes deal with such topics as the formation, stability, structure, and reactivity of biological compounds of low and high molecular weight containing metal ions; the metabolism and transport of metal ions and their complexes; and new models of complicated natural structures and processes. Volume 21 describes the underlying theories of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), promoting a wider use of NMR in studies of paramagnetic species. In six concise chapters by leading international authorities, Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to Paramagnetic Species outlines the most recent developments regarding the use of nuclear relaxation as a source for structural information ... examines studies of magnetically coupled metalloproteins and metal-porphyrin induced dipolar shifts for conformational analysis ... and evaluates the potential of paramagnetic ions as agents for enhancing NMR image contrast. With over 500 references that facilitate further research, Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to Paramagnetic Species is an essential resource for scientists and students in such disciplines as biophysics; bioinorganic, inorganic, and coordination chemistry; biochemistry; molecular biology; and enzymology. Book jacket.

Metal Ions in Biological Systems

Author : Astrid Sigel
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780824795498
Total Pages : 860 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (954 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metal Ions in Biological Systems by : Astrid Sigel

Download or read book Metal Ions in Biological Systems written by Astrid Sigel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-02-05 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 32 covers metal ion bonding to phosphate, sugar and nucleobase residues; the ambidentate as well as the stacking properties of nucleotides; kinetic aspects as well as properties of nucleobase and nucleotide analogs; and the oligonucleotides and nucleic acids. It examines electron transfer reactions over a large number of base repairs in DNA, the role of metal ions in ribozymes, ternary metal-nucleic acid base-protein complexes, metal responsive gene regulation, and the structure-activity relationships of anticancer drugs and their action on DNA, including cisplatin and the role of proteins.

Functional Nanometer-Sized Clusters of Transition Metals

Author : Wei Chen
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1849738246
Total Pages : 938 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (497 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Functional Nanometer-Sized Clusters of Transition Metals by : Wei Chen

Download or read book Functional Nanometer-Sized Clusters of Transition Metals written by Wei Chen and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-08-20 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal nanoclusters, which bridge metal atoms and nanocrystals, are gaining attention due to their unique chemical and physical properties which differ greatly from their corresponding large nanoparticles and molecular compounds. Their electronic and optical properties are of particular interest for their use in sensing, optoelectronics, photovoltaics and catalysis. The book highlights recent progress and challenges in size-controlled synthesis, size-dependent properties, characterization and applications of metal nanoclusters. Specific topics include organochalcogenolate-stabilized metal nanoparticles, water-soluble fluorescent silver nanoclusters, thiolate-protected Au and Ag nanoclusters, DNA-templated metal nanoclusters, fluorescent platinum nanoclusters and janus nanoparticles by interfacial engineering. Edited by active researchers in the area, the book provides a valuable reference for researchers in the area of functional nanomaterials. It also provides a guide for graduate students, academic and industrial researchers interested in the fundamentals of the materials or their applications.

Nanoscopic Materials

Author : Emil Roduner
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1782624945
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (826 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nanoscopic Materials by : Emil Roduner

Download or read book Nanoscopic Materials written by Emil Roduner and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years there have been great advances in the development of new nanomaterials. To facilitate the progress of new materials it is essential to understand the underlying principles at the nanoscale. Nanoscopic Materials provides an accessible overview of the physico-chemical and physical principles of nanomaterials including electronic structure, magnetic properties, thermodynamics of size dependence and phase transitions and dynamics of clusters and two-dimensional systems. This new edition has been fully revised and updated to reflect recent developments in new nanomaterials including graphene and core–shell structures, properties of nano-structured and intelligent surfaces as well as applications in catalysis and energy. Additional chapters cover the development of nucleation and crystal shape engineering; self-assembly and biomimetics for fabricating nanostructures. With helpful illustrations and summaries of key points in every chapter, this advanced textbook is ideal for graduate students of chemistry and materials science and researchers new to the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

Metals Ions in Biological System

Author : Astrid Sigel
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0824744446
Total Pages : 658 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (247 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metals Ions in Biological System by : Astrid Sigel

Download or read book Metals Ions in Biological System written by Astrid Sigel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-03-06 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 39: Molybdenum and Tungsten: Their Roles in Biological Processes is devoted soley to the vital research area on molybdenum and tungsten and their role in biology. It offers a comprehensive and timely account of this fascinating topic by 40 distinguished international authorities. Topics include: transport, homeostasis, regulation and binding of molybdate and tungstate to proteins, crystallographic characterization, coordination of complexes, and biosynthesis.

Lead: Its Effects on Environment and Health

Author : Astrid Sigel
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 311043301X
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (14 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Lead: Its Effects on Environment and Health by : Astrid Sigel

Download or read book Lead: Its Effects on Environment and Health written by Astrid Sigel and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-04-10 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 17, entitled Lead: Its Effects on Environment and Health of the series Metal Ions in Life Sciences centers on the interrelations between biosystems and lead. The book provides an up-to-date review of the bioinorganic chemistry of this metal and its ions; it covers the biogeochemistry of lead, its use (not only as gasoline additive) and anthropogenic release into the environment, its cycling and speciation in the atmosphere, in waters, soils, and sediments, and also in mammalian organs. The analytical tools to determine and to quantify this toxic element in blood, saliva, urine, hair, etc. are described. The properties of lead(II) complexes formed with amino acids, peptides, proteins (including metallothioneins), nucleobases, nucleotides, nucleic acids, and other ligands of biological relevance are summarized for the solid state and for aqueous solutions as well. All this is important for obtaining a coherent picture on the properties of lead, its effects on plants and toxic actions on mammalian organs. This and more is treated in an authoritative and timely manner in the 16 stimulating chapters of Volume 17, which are written by 36 internationally recognized experts from 13 nations. The impact of this recently again vibrant research area is manifested in nearly 2000 references, over 50 tables and more than 100 illustrations (half in color). Lead: Its Effects on Environment and Health is an essential resource for scientists working in the wide range from material sciences, inorganic biochemistry all the way through to medicine including the clinic ... not forgetting that it also provides excellent information for teaching.