Beyond Homo Economicus The Influence Of Social Norms And Cultural Identity On Economic Behaviour

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Beyond Homo Economicus - The Influence of Social Norms and Cultural Identity on Economic Behaviour

Author : Anne-Kathrin Wippermann
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3638465527
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Homo Economicus - The Influence of Social Norms and Cultural Identity on Economic Behaviour by : Anne-Kathrin Wippermann

Download or read book Beyond Homo Economicus - The Influence of Social Norms and Cultural Identity on Economic Behaviour written by Anne-Kathrin Wippermann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2006-02-05 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: 1,3, University of Göttingen (Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung), language: English, abstract: Ever since philosophers set up their first models to predict human behaviour, it was apparent that their findings had to be handled with care and that experimental evidence was needed to corroborate their theories. In their models, general assumptions such as perfect knowledge or perfect homogeneity make it obvious that these models could not simply be taken as projections of real markets. The question, however, is, to what extend these theories have their legitimation anyway. Even though assumptions made by economists when setting up market models may be false, many predictions derived from these models are not. We therefore need to find out what determines the market outcome. However, in order to understand how markets work, we first have to understand how human beings work. Experimental economics can be a valuable instrument for that, because, as Alvin E. Roth put it, experimental economics can “bridge the gap between the study of ideally rational behavior and the study of actual behavior” (Roth, 1991, p. 107).

Behavioral Law and Economics

Author : Eyal Zamir
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190901349
Total Pages : 641 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Behavioral Law and Economics by : Eyal Zamir

Download or read book Behavioral Law and Economics written by Eyal Zamir and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past few decades, economic analysis of law has been challenged by a growing body of experimental and empirical studies that attest to prevalent and systematic deviations from the assumptions of economic rationality. While the findings on bounded rationality and heuristics and biases were initially perceived as antithetical to standard economic and legal-economic analysis, over time they have been largely integrated into mainstream economic analysis, including economic analysis of law. Moreover, the impact of behavioral insights has long since transcended purely economic analysis of law: in recent years, the behavioral movement has become one of the most influential developments in legal scholarship in general. Behavioral Law and Economics offers a state-of-the-art overview of the field. Eyal Zamir and Doron Teichman survey the entire body of psychological research that lies at the basis of behavioral analysis of law, and critically evaluate the core methodological questions of this area of research. Following this, the book discusses the fundamental normative questions stemming from the psychological findings on bounded rationality, and explores their implications for setting the law's goals and designing the means to attain them. The book then provides a systematic and critical examination of the contributions of behavioral studies to all major fields of law including: property, contracts, consumer protection, torts, corporate, securities regulation, antitrust, administrative, constitutional, international, criminal, and evidence law, as well as to the behavior of key players in the legal arena: litigants and judicial decision-makers.

Identity Economics

Author : George A. Akerlof
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 140083418X
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Identity Economics by : George A. Akerlof

Download or read book Identity Economics written by George A. Akerlof and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-21 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How identity influences the economic choices we make Identity Economics provides an important and compelling new way to understand human behavior, revealing how our identities—and not just economic incentives—influence our decisions. In 1995, economist Rachel Kranton wrote future Nobel Prize-winner George Akerlof a letter insisting that his most recent paper was wrong. Identity, she argued, was the missing element that would help to explain why people—facing the same economic circumstances—would make different choices. This was the beginning of a fourteen-year collaboration—and of Identity Economics. The authors explain how our conception of who we are and who we want to be may shape our economic lives more than any other factor, affecting how hard we work, and how we learn, spend, and save. Identity economics is a new way to understand people's decisions—at work, at school, and at home. With it, we can better appreciate why incentives like stock options work or don't; why some schools succeed and others don't; why some cities and towns don't invest in their futures—and much, much more. Identity Economics bridges a critical gap in the social sciences. It brings identity and norms to economics. People's notions of what is proper, and what is forbidden, and for whom, are fundamental to how hard they work, and how they learn, spend, and save. Thus people's identity—their conception of who they are, and of who they choose to be—may be the most important factor affecting their economic lives. And the limits placed by society on people's identity can also be crucial determinants of their economic well-being.

Economics, Values, and Organization

Author : Avner Ben-Ner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521774116
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (741 download)

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Book Synopsis Economics, Values, and Organization by : Avner Ben-Ner

Download or read book Economics, Values, and Organization written by Avner Ben-Ner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A path-breaking analysis of the relationship between economic institutions and values.

The Moral Economy

Author : Samuel Bowles
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300221088
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Moral Economy by : Samuel Bowles

Download or read book The Moral Economy written by Samuel Bowles and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2016-05-28 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Should the idea of economic man—the amoral and self-interested Homo economicus—determine how we expect people to respond to monetary rewards, punishments, and other incentives? Samuel Bowles answers with a resounding “no.” Policies that follow from this paradigm, he shows, may “crowd out” ethical and generous motives and thus backfire. But incentives per se are not really the culprit. Bowles shows that crowding out occurs when the message conveyed by fines and rewards is that self-interest is expected, that the employer thinks the workforce is lazy, or that the citizen cannot otherwise be trusted to contribute to the public good. Using historical and recent case studies as well as behavioral experiments, Bowles shows how well-designed incentives can crowd in the civic motives on which good governance depends.

World Development Report 1978

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821372823
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis World Development Report 1978 by :

Download or read book World Development Report 1978 written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1978 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first report deals with some of the major development issues confronting the developing countries and explores the relationship of the major trends in the international economy to them. It is designed to help clarify some of the linkages between the international economy and domestic strategies in the developing countries against the background of growing interdependence and increasing complexity in the world economy. It assesses the prospects for progress in accelerating growth and alleviating poverty, and identifies some of the major policy issues which will affect these prospects.

The Limits of Rationality

Author : Karen Schweers Cook
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226742415
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis The Limits of Rationality by : Karen Schweers Cook

Download or read book The Limits of Rationality written by Karen Schweers Cook and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-10-03 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prevailing economic theory presumes that agents act rationally when they make decisions, striving to maximize the efficient use of their resources. Psychology has repeatedly challenged the rational choice paradigm with persuasive evidence that people do not always make the optimal choice. Yet the paradigm has proven so successful a predictor that its use continues to flourish, fueled by debate across the social sciences over why it works so well. Intended to introduce novices to rational choice theory, this accessible, interdisciplinary book collects writings by leading researchers. The Limits of Rationality illuminates the rational choice paradigm of social and political behavior itself, identifies its limitations, clarifies the nature of current controversies, and offers suggestions for improving current models. In the first section of the book, contributors consider the theoretical foundations of rational choice. Models of rational choice play an important role in providing a standard of human action and the bases for constitutional design, but do they also succeed as explanatory models of behavior? Do empirical failures of these explanatory models constitute a telling condemnation of rational choice theory or do they open new avenues of investigation and theorizing? Emphasizing analyses of norms and institutions, the second and third sections of the book investigate areas in which rational choice theory might be extended in order to provide better models. The contributors evaluate the adequacy of analyses based on neoclassical economics, the potential contributions of game theory and cognitive science, and the consequences for the basic framework when unequal bargaining power and hierarchy are introduced.

The Oxford Handbook of Cultural Sociology

Author : Jeffrey C. Alexander
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195377761
Total Pages : 839 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Cultural Sociology by : Jeffrey C. Alexander

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Cultural Sociology written by Jeffrey C. Alexander and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-26 with total page 839 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since sociologists returned to the study of culture in the past several decades, a pursuit all but anathema for a generation, cultural sociology has emerged as a vibrant field. Edited by three leading cultural sociologists, The Oxford Handbook of Cultural Sociology presents the full theoretical and methodological vitality of this critically significant new area.The Handbook gathers together works by authors confronting the crucial choices all cultural sociologists face today: about analytic priorities, methods, topics, epistemologies, ideologies, and even modes of writing. It is a vital collection of preeminent thinkers studying the ways in which culture, society, politics, and economy interact in the world.Organized by empirical areas of study rather than particular theories or competing intellectual strands, the Handbook addresses power, politics, and states; economics and organization; mass media; social movements; religion; aesthetics; knowledge; and health. Allowing the reader to observe tensions as well as convergences, the collection displays the value of cultural sociology not as a niche discipline but as a way to view and understand the many facets of contemporary society. The first of its kind, The Oxford Handbook of Cultural Sociology offers comprehensive and immediate access to the real developments and disagreements taking place in the field, and deftly exemplifies how cultural sociology provides a new way of seeing and modeling social facts.

The Possibility of Cooperation

Author : Michael Taylor
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521339902
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (399 download)

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Book Synopsis The Possibility of Cooperation by : Michael Taylor

Download or read book The Possibility of Cooperation written by Michael Taylor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987-08-13 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1987 book offers a critique of the liberal theory of the state, focusing on a detailed study of cooperation in the absence of the state and of other kinds of coercion. The discussion includes an analysis of collective action and of the Prisoners' Dilemma supergame. It is a revised and expanded edition of the author's classic work of rational choice theory Anarchy and Cooperation, originally published with John Wiley in 1976. The analysis has been recast and developed here to make it more accessible to non-mathematical readers and to provide a more comprehensive and self-contained treatment of the theory of collective action. The book will be of interest to a range of readers in political and social philosophy and in economics.

Relational Anthropology for Contemporary Economics

Author : Jermo van Nes
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030846903
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Relational Anthropology for Contemporary Economics by : Jermo van Nes

Download or read book Relational Anthropology for Contemporary Economics written by Jermo van Nes and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book offers a multidisciplinary dialogue on relational anthropology in contemporary economics. A particular view of the human being is often assumed in economic models, but seldom acknowledged let alone explicated. Addressing this neglected area of research in economic studies, altogether the contributors touch upon the importance and potential of virtues, the notions of freedom and self-love, the potential of simulation models, the dialectics of love, and questions of methodology in constructing a relational anthropology for contemporary economics. The overall result is a highly informative and constructive dialogue, establishing inter alia a research agenda for future collaborative and multidisciplinary study.

Words, Objects and Events in Economics

Author : Peter Róna
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030526739
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Words, Objects and Events in Economics by : Peter Róna

Download or read book Words, Objects and Events in Economics written by Peter Róna and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book examines from a variety of perspectives the disappearance of moral content and ethical judgment from the models employed in the formulation of modern economic theory, and some of the papers contain important proposals about how moral judgment could be reintroduced in economic theory. The chapters collected in this volume result from the favorable reception of the first volume of the Virtues in Economics series and represent further contributions to the themes set out in that volume: (i) examining the philosophical and methodological fallacies of this turn in modern economic theory that the removal of the moral motivation of economic agents from modern economic theory has entailed; and (ii) proposing a return descriptive economics as the means with which the moral content of economic life could be restored in economic theory. This book is of interest to researchers and students of the methodology of economics, ethics, philosophers concerned with agency and economists who build economic models that rest in the intention of the agent.

The Oxford Handbook of Work Engagement, Motivation, and Self-Determination Theory

Author : Marylene Gagne PhD
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199794987
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Work Engagement, Motivation, and Self-Determination Theory by : Marylene Gagne PhD

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Work Engagement, Motivation, and Self-Determination Theory written by Marylene Gagne PhD and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-09 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-determination theory is a theory of human motivation that is being increasingly used by organizations to make strategic HR decisions and train managers. It argues for a focus on the quality of workers' motivation over quantity. Motivation that is based on meaning and interest is showed to be superior to motivation that is based on pressure and rewards. Work environments that make workers feel competent, autonomous, and related to others foster the right type of motivation, goals, and work values. The Oxford Handbook of Work Motivation, Engagement, and Self-Determination Theory aims to give current and future organizational researchers ideas for future research using self-determination theory as a framework, and to give practitioners ideas on how to adjust their programs and practices using self-determination theory principles. The book brings together self-determination theory experts and organizational psychology experts to talk about past and future applications of the theory to the field of organizational psychology. The book covers a wide range of topics, including: how to bring about commitment, engagement, and passion in the workplace; how to manage stress, health, emotions and violence at work; how to encourage safe and sustainable behavior in organizations; how factors like attachment styles, self-esteem, person-environment fit, job design, leadership, compensation, and training affect work motivation; and how work-related values and goals are forged by the work environment and affect work outcomes.

Foundations of Human Sociality

Author : Joseph Patrick Henrich
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9780199262045
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Foundations of Human Sociality by : Joseph Patrick Henrich

Download or read book Foundations of Human Sociality written by Joseph Patrick Henrich and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2004 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What motives underlie the ways humans interact socially? Are these the same for all societies? Are these part of our nature, or influenced by our environments? Over the last decade, research in experimental economics has emphatically falsified the textbook representation of Homo economicus. Hundreds of experiments suggest that people care not only about their own material payoffs, but also about such things as fairness, equity, and reciprocity. However, this research left fundamental questions unanswered: Are such social preferences stable components of human nature, or are they modulated by economic, social, and cultural environments? Until now, experimental research could not address this question because virtually all subjects had been university students. Combining ethnographic and experimental approaches to fill this gap, this book breaks new ground in reporting the results of a large cross-cultural study aimed at determining the sources of social (non-selfish) preferences that underlie the diversity of human sociality. In this study, the same experiments carried out with university students were performed in fifteen small-scale societies exhibiting a wide variety of social, economic, and cultural conditions. The results show that the variation in behaviour is far greater than previously thought, and that the differences between societies in market integration and the importance of cooperation explain a substantial portion of this variation, which individual-level economic and demographic variables could not. The results also trace the extent to which experimental play mirrors patterns of interaction found in everyday life. The book includes a succinct but substantive introduction to the use of game theory as an analytical tool, and to its use in the social sciences for the rigorous testing of hypotheses about fundamental aspects of social behaviour outside artificially constructed laboratories. The editors also summarize the results of the fifteencase studies in a suggestive chapter about the scope of the project.

Human Evolution Beyond Biology and Culture

Author : Jeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108470971
Total Pages : 575 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Evolution Beyond Biology and Culture by : Jeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh

Download or read book Human Evolution Beyond Biology and Culture written by Jeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-18 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete account of evolutionary thought in the social, environmental and policy sciences, creating bridges with biology.

The Commons of the Mind

Author : Annette Baier
Publisher : Open Court Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780812693508
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (935 download)

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Book Synopsis The Commons of the Mind by : Annette Baier

Download or read book The Commons of the Mind written by Annette Baier and published by Open Court Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Descartes, it has seemed natural for philosophers to take reason to be complete in each individual reasoner. Locke wrote, "God, that hath given the World to Men in common, hath also given them Reason..." In The Commons of the Mind, Annette C. Baier asks whether reason and other aspects of mind are possessed "in common" in the strong Lockean sense. She looks at the relation between two views of mind: on the one hand, the idea that mind is something possessed by each individual, independently of membership in a culture and a society, and on the other hand, the idea that mental activities and states are essentially social. She focuses her examination on three activities we take to be quintessentially mental ones, reasoning, intending, and moral reflection, in each case emphasizing the interdependence of minds, and the role of social practices in setting the norms governing these mental activities. Professor Baier defends the view that both our reasoning and our intention-formation require a commons of the mind, that is, the background existence of shared reasonings, intentions, and actions. However, she concludes that moral reflection, as a social capacity, is still in its infancy and that a commons of the mind is by no means assured with regard to morality. This volume is based on Professor Baier's Cams Lectures delivered at the meeting of the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association in December 1995. Excerpt from The Commons of the Mind: "How are we to decide whether to take reason to be an essentially private thing that can, however, turn on a public display when it chooses to do so, or, like conversing, to be an essentially social skill, which can, however, be retained a while through periods of solitary confinement?"

From Pleasure Machines to Moral Communities

Author : Geoffrey M. Hodgson
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226922715
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (269 download)

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Book Synopsis From Pleasure Machines to Moral Communities by : Geoffrey M. Hodgson

Download or read book From Pleasure Machines to Moral Communities written by Geoffrey M. Hodgson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are humans at their core seekers of their own pleasure or cooperative members of society? Paradoxically, they are both. Pleasure-seeking can take place only within the context of what works within a defined community, and central to any community are the evolved codes and principles guiding appropriate behavior, or morality. The complex interaction of morality and self-interest is at the heart of Geoffrey M. Hodgson’s approach to evolutionary economics, which is designed to bring about a better understanding of human behavior. In From Pleasure Machines to Moral Communities, Hodgson casts a critical eye on neoclassical individualism, its foundations and flaws, and turns to recent insights from research on the evolutionary bases of human behavior. He focuses his attention on the evolution of morality, its meaning, why it came about, and how it influences human attitudes and behavior. This more nuanced understanding sets the stage for a fascinating investigation of its implications on a range of pressing issues drawn from diverse environments, including the business world and crucial policy realms like health care and ecology. This book provides a valuable complement to Hodgson’s earlier work with Thorbjørn Knudsen on evolutionary economics in Darwin’s Conjecture, extending the evolutionary outlook to include moral and policy-related issues.

The WEIRDest People in the World

Author : Joseph Henrich
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
ISBN 13 : 0374710457
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (747 download)

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Book Synopsis The WEIRDest People in the World by : Joseph Henrich

Download or read book The WEIRDest People in the World written by Joseph Henrich and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 2020-09-08 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New York Times Notable Book of 2020 A Bloomberg Best Non-Fiction Book of 2020 A Behavioral Scientist Notable Book of 2020 A Human Behavior & Evolution Society Must-Read Popular Evolution Book of 2020 A bold, epic account of how the co-evolution of psychology and culture created the peculiar Western mind that has profoundly shaped the modern world. Perhaps you are WEIRD: raised in a society that is Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic. If so, you’re rather psychologically peculiar. Unlike much of the world today, and most people who have ever lived, WEIRD people are highly individualistic, self-obsessed, control-oriented, nonconformist, and analytical. They focus on themselves—their attributes, accomplishments, and aspirations—over their relationships and social roles. How did WEIRD populations become so psychologically distinct? What role did these psychological differences play in the industrial revolution and the global expansion of Europe during the last few centuries? In The WEIRDest People in the World, Joseph Henrich draws on cutting-edge research in anthropology, psychology, economics, and evolutionary biology to explore these questions and more. He illuminates the origins and evolution of family structures, marriage, and religion, and the profound impact these cultural transformations had on human psychology. Mapping these shifts through ancient history and late antiquity, Henrich reveals that the most fundamental institutions of kinship and marriage changed dramatically under pressure from the Roman Catholic Church. It was these changes that gave rise to the WEIRD psychology that would coevolve with impersonal markets, occupational specialization, and free competition—laying the foundation for the modern world. Provocative and engaging in both its broad scope and its surprising details, The WEIRDest People in the World explores how culture, institutions, and psychology shape one another, and explains what this means for both our most personal sense of who we are as individuals and also the large-scale social, political, and economic forces that drive human history. Includes black-and-white illustrations.