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Behavior Of Shear Connectors And Transverse Joints In Full Depth Bridge Deck Systems
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Book Synopsis Behavior of Shear Connectors and Transverse Joints in Full Depth Bridge Deck Systems by : Cyro Luiz Ribeiro do Valle
Download or read book Behavior of Shear Connectors and Transverse Joints in Full Depth Bridge Deck Systems written by Cyro Luiz Ribeiro do Valle and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Full-depth Precast Deck Panels on Prestressed I-girders by : Sean Robert Sullivan
Download or read book Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Full-depth Precast Deck Panels on Prestressed I-girders written by Sean Robert Sullivan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bridge with precast bridge deck panels was built at the Virginia Tech Structures Laboratory to examine constructibility issues, creep and shrinkage behavior, and strength and fatigue performance of transverse joints, different types of shear connectors, and different shear pocket spacings. The bridge consisted of two AASHTO type II girders, 40 ft long and simply supported, and five precast bridge deck panels. Two of the transverse joints were epoxied male-female joints and the other two transverse joints were grouted female-female joints. Two different pocket spacings were studied: 4 ft pocket spacing and 2 ft pocket spacing. Two different shear connector types were studied: hooked reinforcing bars and a new shear stud detail that can be used with concrete girders. The construction process was well documented. The changes in strain in the girders and deck were examined and compared to a finite element model to examine the effects of differential creep and shrinkage. After the finite element model verification study, the model was used to predict the long term stresses in the deck and determine if the initial level of post-tensioning was adequate to keep the transverse joints in compression throughout the estimated service life of the bridge. Cyclic loading tests and flexural strength tests were performed to examine performance of the different pocket spacings, shear connector types and transverse joint configurations. A finite element study examined the performance of the AASHTO LRFD shear friction equation for the design of the horizontal shear connectors. The initial level of post-tensioning in the bridge was adequate to keep the transverse joints in compression throughout the service life of the bridge. Both types of pocket spacings and shear connectors performed exceptionally well. The AASHTO LRFD shear friction equation was shown to be applicable to deck panel systems and was conservative for determining the number of shear connectors required in each pocket. A recommended design and detailing procedure was developed for the shear connectors and shear pockets.
Book Synopsis Performance of Transverse Post-tensioned Joints Subjected to Negative Bending and Shear Stresses on Full Scale, Full Depth, Precast Concrete Bridge Deck Systems by : Kayde Steven Roberts
Download or read book Performance of Transverse Post-tensioned Joints Subjected to Negative Bending and Shear Stresses on Full Scale, Full Depth, Precast Concrete Bridge Deck Systems written by Kayde Steven Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accelerated bridge construction has quickly become the preferred method for the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) as well as many other DOT's across the United States. This type of construction requires the use of full depth precast panels for the construction of the bridge deck. The segmented deck panels produce transverse joints between panels and have come to be known as the weakest portion of the deck. Cracking often occurs at these joints and is reflected through the deck overlay where water accesses and begins corrosion of the reinforcement and superstructure below. For this reason post-tensioning of the deck panels is becoming a regular practice to ensure that the deck behaves more monolithically, limiting cracking. The current post-tensioning used by UDOT inhibits future replacement of single deck panels and requires that all panels be replaced once one panel is deemed defective. The new curved bolt connection provides the necessary compressive stresses across the transverse joints but makes future replacement of a single deck panel possible without replacing the entire bridge deck. To better understand the behavior of the new curved bolt connection under loadings, laboratory testing was undertaken on both the curved bolt and the current post-tensioning used by UDOT. The testing specimens included full-scale, full-depth, precast panels that were connected using both system. The testing induced typical stresses on the panels and connections, subjecting them to negative bending and shear. The overall performance of the curved bolt proved satisfactory. The moment capacity of both connections surpassed all theoretical calculations. The yield and plastic moments were 17% and 16% lower, respectively, than the UDOT post-tension system while at those moments deflection was relatively the same. Due to the anchorage location of the curved bolts, the reinforcement around the transverse joint received up to 5 times the strain of that of the post-tension connections. Although both systems performed well when subjected to shear forces and as compared to the theoretical capacities, the post-tension connection greatly surpassed the curved bolt in shear capacity.
Book Synopsis Experimental Evaluation of Full Depth Precast/prestressed Concrete Bridge Deck Panels by : Mohsen A. Issa
Download or read book Experimental Evaluation of Full Depth Precast/prestressed Concrete Bridge Deck Panels written by Mohsen A. Issa and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A literature review concerning the objectives of the project was completed. A significant number of published papers, reports, etc., were examined to determine the effectiveness of full depth precast panels for bridge deck replacement. A detailed description of the experimental methodology was developed which includes design and fabrication of the panels and assembly of the bridge. The design and construction process was carried out in cooperation with the project Technical Review Panel. The major components of the bridge deck system were investigated. This includes the transverse joints and the different materials within the joint as well as composite action. The materials investigated within the joint were polymer concrete, non-shrink grout, and set-45 for the transverse joint. The transverse joints were subjected to direct shear tests, direct tension tests, and flexure tests. These tests exhibited the excellent behavior of the system in terms of strength and failure modes. Shear key tests were also conducted. The shear connection study focused on investigating the composite behavior of the system based on varying the number of shear studs within a respective pocket as well as varying the number of pockets within a respective panel. The results indicated that this shear connection is extremely efficient in rendering the system under full composite action. Finite element analysis was conducted to determine the behavior of the shear connection prior to initiation of the actual full scale tests. In addition, finite element analysis was also performed with respect to the transverse joint tests in an effort to determine the behavior of the joints prior to actual testing. The most significant phase of the project was testing a full-scale model. The bridge was assembled in accordance with the procedures developed as part of the study on full-depth precast panels and the results obtained through this research. The system proved its effectiveness in withstanding the applied loading that exceeded eight times the truck loading in addition to the maximum negative and positive moment application. Only hairline cracking was observed in the deck at the maximum applied load. Of most significance was the fact that full composite action was achieved between the precast panels and the steel supporting system, and the exceptional performance of the transverse joint between adjacent panels.
Book Synopsis Full-depth Precast Concrete Bridge Deck Panel Systems by : Sameh S. Badie
Download or read book Full-depth Precast Concrete Bridge Deck Panel Systems written by Sameh S. Badie and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2008 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wie ist der Beruf eines ev. luth. Gemeindeschullehrers anzusehen?. by :
Download or read book Wie ist der Beruf eines ev. luth. Gemeindeschullehrers anzusehen?. written by and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I was broke. I had not eaten for three days. I had walked the streets for three nights. Every fibre of my being, every precept of my home training protested against and would not permit my begging. I saw persons all about me spending money for trifles, or luxuries. I envied the ragged street urchin as he took a nickel in exchange for a newspaper and ran expectantly to the next pedestrian. But I was broke and utterly miserable.Have you ever been broke? Have you ever been hungry and miserable, not knowing when or where you were going to get your next meal, nor where you were going to spend your next night?Have you ever tramped holes in your shoes in a tiresome, discouraging effort to get work, meeting rebuff and insults in return for your earnestness and sincerity, and encountering an utter lack of an understanding of your crying necessity in those with whom you have pleaded for a chance?Have you ever felt as though the world itself were against you and that a mistake had been made by Nature in inflicting you with life?If you have not felt each and all of these things it will, perhaps, be futile for you to read what they brought to one who has felt them, and it will be difficult for you to tolerate any thought of extenuation for what happened. Thousands of persons have felt these thoughts, have suffered these experiences, but very few have done what I did; at all events, very few have done what I did and then told about it, as I am going to tell.Few crimes are committed from choice. The number of professional criminals is small, amazingly small, in comparison with the number who are criminals of circumstance. But society makes no distinction; the man who steals because he is hungry, and too proud or squeamish to beg, is classed with the thug who waylays you at night and takes your money by persuasion of an ugly .44-caliber "smoke-wagon" held within an inch of your brain, and with money jingling in his own pocket at the moment.The first is an unfortunate human being driven to commit an act which he abhors; the second a dangerous menace to humankind and organized society. I belonged to the unprofessional class. And despite a long term in prison, I am not yet a criminal. Every atom of my body, each vibration of my mind, revolts at the thought of crime. Yet I committed burglary; also I have a big, warm tolerance for other men who have committed burglary, or other crimes, no matter who they may be. Do not mistake me-I am not seeking to apotheosize the offender against the law; far from it. But I know that all men are human-even the men in convict stripes and shaven heads.Why shouldn't I know? Haven't I been one of them?Didn't I violate the sacredness of a home in the dead of night, and didn't I spend long years in the penitentiary?Who knows if I don't? As I look back I wonder what has been accomplished by my imprisonment. Perhaps before this series of sketches is done some of you may discover what has been accomplished in my individual case. But what is being accomplished in the thousands of other and more unconscionable cases? Perhaps you do not care; possibly you may feel that it is none of your concern; that you pay taxes for protection, and that you cannot be held accountable for the shortcomings of others or for the inhuman and illogical system that enhances the certainty of still greater violation of man-made laws.Be that as it may, you are still responsible; and you are not protected. I was broke and utterly miserable. True, there were thousands of others just as miserable-I realized that -but I was myself, I was no one else save myself, and I had a nickel with a hole in it in my pocket. Never mutilate a coin of the realm. It may fall into the hands of a starving man or woman and prove the last argument in favor of crime-or suicide. It was nearing midnight and the possibility of escaping another night in the streets growing slimmer with each passing moment. Somehow I felt that something....
Book Synopsis Design of Shear Pocket Connections in Full-depth Precast Concrete Bridge Deck Systems by : Raed Tawadrous
Download or read book Design of Shear Pocket Connections in Full-depth Precast Concrete Bridge Deck Systems written by Raed Tawadrous and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this research is to develop procedures/criteria for designing HSS-formed shear pockets with clustered shear connectors for full-depth precast concrete deck systems. These procedures/criteria will assist in sizing shear connectors, selecting shear pocket dimensions and HSS thickness, and determining pocket anchorage and reinforcement necessary to maximize the connection capacity while allowing adequate construction tolerance. Experimental investigation (push-off testing) and finite element analysis (FEA) were performed to validate the developed design procedures/criteria. Analysis and testing results validated the adequacy of the developed design procedures/criteria for HSS-formed shear pocket connections. In addition, the results of 162 push-off tests conducted by the author and others obtained from the literature were used to check the feasibility of using current interface shear prediction models provided by AASHTO LRFD, fib MC 2010, Eurocode-2, and CSA-S6 design codes. Comparisons indicated that existing code provisions are applicable for predicting interface shear resistance of clustered shear connectors with different levels of accuracy.
Book Synopsis A Systematic Investigation of Shear Connections Between Full-depth Precast Panels and Precast Prestressed Bridge Girders by : Robert Wayne Brey
Download or read book A Systematic Investigation of Shear Connections Between Full-depth Precast Panels and Precast Prestressed Bridge Girders written by Robert Wayne Brey and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Full-depth precast panels are used in concrete bridges to provide several benefits such as faster construction, lower cost and reduced constructional hazard. However, one construction drawback is that connectors are required to transmit horizontal shear across the interface between the girder and deck. Shear connector performance is characterized by a series of experiments performed on part of a bridge system that mimics a full-depth precast deck on concrete girder with a pocket-connector-haunch system. Following initial breakaway of the adhesive bond within the haunch region, the specimens slide with frictional resistance provided by the clamping force of the anchor bolt. This leads to bolt yield with an observed sliding friction coefficient of 0.8 (+/- 20%) with lower values occurring at higher displacements. It is concluded that for a viable connector system to be developed a key feature is to have sufficient stirrups in the neighborhood of the anchor bolt to form a non-contact splice and to ensure the high pull-out force can be sustained without leading to premature beam failure. The successful implementation of a full-depth precast deck-panel system requires the use of a viable design methodology that properly accounts for system behavior. The design of a deck-haunch-girder system uses a truss modeling approach to design for the shear forces created by service loading. The truss model approach is considered more suitable for a concrete member due to the premise that the member will be substantially cracked at an ultimate limit state and that traditional beam theory does not account for the decreased ability of shear stresses to transfer across open cracks. Experimental results from Chapter II, such as the friction coefficient mu, are used along with a previously developed crack angle model to layout the geometry of the truss within a deck-panel span. Design solutions are presented utilizing the Rock Creek Bridge in Parker County, Texas as an example structure.
Book Synopsis Full-depth Shear-key Performance in Adjacent Prestressed-beam Bridges by : Jyotirmay Lall
Download or read book Full-depth Shear-key Performance in Adjacent Prestressed-beam Bridges written by Jyotirmay Lall and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridge decks supported by adjacent precast/prestressed-concrete beams have become increasingly popular in recent years due to their ease of construction, shallow superstructure, and aesthetic appeal. In New York, such structures are built by placing a number of precast beams alongside one another and connecting them through grouted keyways called "shear keys". After the grout hardens, the beams are transversely post-tensioned and a composite, cast-in-place deck is poured over them. Before 1992, field inspection personnel frequently reported the appearance of longitudinal deck cracking over these partial-depth shear keys soon after construction. In response, a new system using full-depth shear keys with more transverse tendons was adopted in 1992. Since then, more than 100 such bridges have been built statewide. To evaluate their performance, a followup inspection survey was conducted in 1996 on 91 such bridges.
Book Synopsis Behavior of Precast Bridge Deck Joints with Small Bend Diameter U-Bars by : Cheryl Elizabeth Chapman
Download or read book Behavior of Precast Bridge Deck Joints with Small Bend Diameter U-Bars written by Cheryl Elizabeth Chapman and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Interstate Highway System plays a vital role in our economic development by providing a continuous corridor for transporting goods and services. Currently, there is a need for repair and expansion of the existing highways, which include all bridges along its path. Because of the high demand for the highway system, repair and expansion must occur rapidly and efficiently. In recent years, precast bridge deck systems have become an efficient way to reduce construction time during repair. This thesis presents the experimental research of the behavior of the U-Bar joint detail used in precast bridge deck systems. This detail consists of staggered reinforcement extending beyond the precast deck portion into the joint. Six specimens utilizing the U-Bar detail were constructed and tested. Three specimens were tested in flexure to simulate the forces applied in a longitudinal deck joint, while three specimens were tested in pure tension to simulate the forces experienced in a transverse deck joint located over an interior pier. A tight 180° bend at 3d[subscript b] was desired in order to minimize the thickness of the deck. To achieve this tight bend, deformed wire reinforcement was chosen for the U-Bar detail due to the favorable material properties of deformed wire reinforcement. The purpose of the testing was to determine if the joint details could generate a precast deck system that could emulate the monolithic cast-in-place deck systems already in use. For monolithic behavior in a precast deck system, the joints must be able transfer shear, tension and moments. In this research, the joint overlap length was the most dominant variable, and should not be less than 152.4 mm (6"). The precast bridge deck joint should consist of high strength concrete with f'[subscript c] of at least 68.9 MPa (10 ksi). The longitudinal reinforcement spacing should be no greater than 152.4 mm (6").
Book Synopsis Design of Shear Connectors for Precast Concrete Decks in Concrete Girder Bridges by : Afshin Hatami
Download or read book Design of Shear Connectors for Precast Concrete Decks in Concrete Girder Bridges written by Afshin Hatami and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Full-depth precast concrete deck systems have several advantages over traditional cast-in-place concrete decks. Higher concrete quality, accelerated construction, and reduced life-cycle cost are the main advantages. Full-depth precast concrete deck systems can be designed as composite or non-composite systems with the supporting girders. Composite systems are commonly used due to their superior structural performance and cost effectiveness. These systems require the use of shear connectors between the precast concrete deck panels and the supporting girders to transfer interface shear and achieve composite action. The use of discrete clustered shear connectors is highly preferred in order to simplify panel and girder fabrication and improve system constructability. However, existing code provisions for the design of shear connectors were developed for continuous small-diameter shear connectors and might not be adequate for the design of discrete clustered connectors especially when large diameter connectors are used.
Book Synopsis Bridge Superstructure by : N. Rajagopalan
Download or read book Bridge Superstructure written by N. Rajagopalan and published by Alpha Science Int'l Ltd.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridge Superstructure deals with the behaviour of different types of bridge decks under different systems of loading. Mathematical modeling and the behaviour of different types of bridge decks are clearly explained. Solid slab, voided slab and skew slab bridge decks are detailed out for analysis and design. Box girder bridges is specially discussed for better understanding of its behaviour and its design. Special points relating to creep and shrinkage effects in continuous bridge decks are explained. Bridge bearings, expansion joints and appurtenances of different types are explained with respect to their place of use and their functions. A few methods of erection of bridge decks of simply supported spans or continuous spans are presented to give a good understanding of such possibilities.
Book Synopsis Finite Element Modeling of Full Depth Precast Concrete Transverse Bridge Deck Connections by : Jacob Logan Julander
Download or read book Finite Element Modeling of Full Depth Precast Concrete Transverse Bridge Deck Connections written by Jacob Logan Julander and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The frequent use of precast concrete panels has been used to decrease the construction time for bridges. Cracking often occurs at the transverse connections of these panels, resulting in corrosion, and decreased bridge life. Previous laboratory testing of these connections was performed at Utah State University for the Utah Department of Transportation to determine maximum shear and moment capacities, cracking behavior, and cracking loads for five different connections. Two connections are Utah Department of Transportation standard connections. These connections are post tensioned and welded tie connection using shear studs. A different type of welded tie connection using rebar was also tested, along with two prototype connections using a curved bolt to apply post tensioning. As part of this research finite element models were created using ANSYS software to confirm the tested results, and provide models for future analysis. Moment-deflection and shear force-deflection curves were created using the results from the laboratory testing, and were compared with the results from the finite element analysis. The finite element models produced similar behavior and cracking loads when compared to the laboratory results. The curved bolt connections were found to be a good way of applying post tensioning.
Download or read book PCI Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental and Analytical Study of Widely Spaced Shear Connectors for Full Depth Bridges Deck Panels in Composite Beam Systems by : Krissachai Sriboonma
Download or read book Experimental and Analytical Study of Widely Spaced Shear Connectors for Full Depth Bridges Deck Panels in Composite Beam Systems written by Krissachai Sriboonma and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Static and Fatigue Behaviour of Through-bolt Shear Connectors in Steel-precast Composite Bridge Girders by : Kyle Daniel Balkos
Download or read book The Static and Fatigue Behaviour of Through-bolt Shear Connectors in Steel-precast Composite Bridge Girders written by Kyle Daniel Balkos and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing demand for the rapid and economically efficient construction of bridges has encouraged engineers to employ the use of accelerated bridge construction through modular assembly. The replacement of vehicular bridges in highly populated areas using traditional construction methods typically results in significant social and economic impacts as a consequence of lengthy closures of these bridges during construction. Accelerated bridge construction through modular assembly offers an advantageous alternative, as it can drastically reduce the duration for which the bridge is out of service, therefore minimizing the corresponding impacts. Full-depth, precast concrete decks connected to steel girders using mechanical shear connectors is one form of accelerated bridge construction where the major components can be fabricated off-site. Employing modular bridge components takes advantage of improved quality and efficient construction through prefabrication, resulting in easier and more rapid installation on-site. Currently, welded, headed shear studs are the most common type of shear connector used in composite bridge construction. An attractive alternative to this connection type is the use of slip-critical through-bolt shear connectors as they are expected to offer advantages with regards to their reduced installation and disassembly times, as well as their fatigue performance. Currently, relatively little is known about the true static load-slip and the fatigue behaviour of slip-critical through-bolt shear connectors in composite beams. Therefore, the following research project investigates the static and fatigue performance of these connectors. In order to do this, three large-scale composite beam specimens were fabricated, instrumented, and tested in an experimental program involving both static and fatigue loading. In order to better understand the static load-slip behaviour of this connector type, a mechanistic model was also developed, along with a nonlinear finite element (FE) model of a through-bolt connection. Results of the beam tests were compared with results from a previous study employing a simpler push test configuration, in order to understand the behaviour differences resulting from the choice of test configuration. Comparisons were also made between the experimental results and load-slip predictions made using the developed mechanistic and FE models. The fatigue testing did not result in the failure of any through-bolt shear connectors for the configurations considered in this experimental program. The fatigue performance of the through-bolt shear connectors far exceeded the predicted fatigue life obtained using the current fatigue design provisions for welded, headed shear studs. The static beam test and the push test resulted in similar peak shear loads prior to the onset of failure of the through-bolts. However, the slopes of the two load-slip curves were quite different, with the through-bolt shear connectors behaving in a much less stiff manner when tested in a beam test relative to a push test. Moreover, the slip required to produce a through-bolt failure is seen to be much higher in a beam test. The static load-slip behaviour of a through-bolt push test specimen was predicted using a mechanistic model. Comparison of the load-slip curves generated by the mechanistic model with the available push test results revealed that the mechanistic model is capable of accurately predicting the load-slip behaviour of through-bolt shear connectors. A comparison of the load-slip curves generated by the FE analysis revealed that the FE models are also able to predict the load-slip behaviour of through-bolt shear connectors. The findings in this study suggest that the performance of composite bridges, in terms of fatigue life, could be significantly improved if through-bolts were used in place of traditional headed shear studs. However, further experimental testing is recommended to fully develop this connection concept.
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation of Precast Bridge Deck Joints with U-bar and Headed Bar Joint Details by :
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Precast Bridge Deck Joints with U-bar and Headed Bar Joint Details written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the experimental investigation of two joint details for use in precast bridge deck systems. U-bar and headed bar joint details were developed for use in accelerated construction applications. Both details, in practice, would consist of staggered protruding reinforcement that would allow for the anchorage of the precast deck component into the joint. Six specimens containing the joint details were constructed and tested. Three specimens were tested in flexure to simulate the forces that would be experienced in a longitudinal deck joint, and three specimens were tested in tension to simulate the forces that would be experienced in a transverse joint over an interior pier. The three specimens of each test type consisted of one specimen containing the headed bar detail and two specimens containing the u-bar detail. The u-bar detail was tested utilizing two materials, welded wire reinforcement and stainless steel reinforcement. Welded wire reinforcement and stainless steel reinforcement were used for the u-bar detail due to their ductility which was needed to fabricate the tight bend (3d[subscript b]) used in the detail. The tight bend was used to minimize the thickness of the deck. The main objective of the testing was to determine if the joint details could create a precast deck system that could emulate the monolithic behavior of the predominately used cast-in-place deck systems. To achieve monolithic behavior in a precast deck system the joints must be able to transfer shear and tension forces as well as moments. The second objective of this investigation was to determine the best performing detail for further investigation. The additional investigation of the best performing joint detail would then be the first step in creating standard design guidelines and details to ease the future implementation of joints for precast bridge deck systems.
