Bayes Or Bust

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Bayes Or Bust?

Author : John Earman
Publisher : Bradford Books
ISBN 13 : 9780262050463
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis Bayes Or Bust? by : John Earman

Download or read book Bayes Or Bust? written by John Earman and published by Bradford Books. This book was released on 1992 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is currently no viable alternative to the Bayesian analysis of scientific inference, yet the available versions of Bayesianism fail to do justice to several aspects of the testing and confirmation of scientific hypotheses. Bayes or Bust? provides the first balanced treatment of the complex set of issues involved in this nagging conundrum in the philosophy of science. Both Bayesians and anti-Bayesians will find a wealth of new insights on topics ranging from Bayes's original paper to contemporary formal learning theory. In a paper published posthumously in 1763, the Reverend Thomas Bayes made a seminal contribution to the understanding of "analogical or inductive reasoning." Building on his insights, modem Bayesians have developed an account of scientific inference that has attracted numerous champions as well as numerous detractors. Earman argues that Bayesianism provides the best hope for a comprehensive and unified account of scientific inference, yet the presently available versions of Bayesianisin fail to do justice to several aspects of the testing and confirming of scientific theories and hypotheses. By focusing on the need for a resolution to this impasse, Earman sharpens the issues on which a resolution turns. John Earman is Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Pittsburgh.

Theories of Scientific Method

Author : Robert Nola
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317493494
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Theories of Scientific Method by : Robert Nola

Download or read book Theories of Scientific Method written by Robert Nola and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is it to be scientific? Is there such a thing as scientific method? And if so, how might such methods be justified? Robert Nola and Howard Sankey seek to provide answers to these fundamental questions in their exploration of the major recent theories of scientific method. Although for many scientists their understanding of method is something they just pick up in the course of being trained, Nola and Sankey argue that it is possible to be explicit about what this tacit understanding of method is, rather than leave it as some unfathomable mystery. They robustly defend the idea that there is such a thing as scientific method and show how this might be legitimated. This book begins with the question of what methodology might mean and explores the notions of values, rules and principles, before investigating how methodologists have sought to show that our scientific methods are rational. Part 2 of this book sets out some principles of inductive method and examines its alternatives including abduction, IBE, and hypothetico-deductivism. Part 3 introduces probabilistic modes of reasoning, particularly Bayesianism in its various guises, and shows how it is able to give an account of many of the values and rules of method. Part 4 considers the ideas of philosophers who have proposed distinctive theories of method such as Popper, Lakatos, Kuhn and Feyerabend and Part 5 continues this theme by considering philosophers who have proposed naturalised theories of method such as Quine, Laudan and Rescher. This book offers readers a comprehensive introduction to the idea of scientific method and a wide-ranging discussion of how historians of science, philosophers of science and scientists have grappled with the question over the last fifty years.

Bayesian Nets and Causality: Philosophical and Computational Foundations

Author : Jon Williamson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019853079X
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Bayesian Nets and Causality: Philosophical and Computational Foundations by : Jon Williamson

Download or read book Bayesian Nets and Causality: Philosophical and Computational Foundations written by Jon Williamson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bayesian nets are used in artificial intelligence as a calculus for causal reasoning, enabling machines to make predictions perform diagnoses, take decisions and even to discover causal relationships. This book brings together how to automate reasoning in artificial intelligence, and the nature of causality and probability in philosophy.

Bayesian Philosophy of Science

Author : Jan Sprenger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0199672113
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Bayesian Philosophy of Science by : Jan Sprenger

Download or read book Bayesian Philosophy of Science written by Jan Sprenger and published by . This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How should we reason in science? Jan Sprenger and Stephan Hartmann offer a refreshing take on classical topics in philosophy of science, using a single key concept to explain and to elucidate manifold aspects of scientific reasoning. They present good arguments and good inferences as beingcharacterized by their effect on our rational degrees of belief. Refuting the view that there is no place for subjective attitudes in "objective science", Sprenger and Hartmann explain the value of convincing evidence in terms of a cycle of variations on the theme of representing rational degrees ofbelief by means of subjective probabilities (and changing them by Bayesian conditionalization). In doing so, they integrate Bayesian inference - the leading theory of rationality in social science - with the practice of 21st century science.Bayesian Philosophy of Science thereby shows how modeling such attitudes improves our understanding of causes, explanations, confirming evidence, and scientific models in general. It combines a scientifically minded and mathematically sophisticated approach with conceptual analysis and attention tomethodological problems of modern science, especially in statistical inference, and is therefore a valuable resource for philosophers and scientific practitioners.

The Philosophy of Quantitative Methods

Author : Brian D. Haig
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190871725
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Quantitative Methods by : Brian D. Haig

Download or read book The Philosophy of Quantitative Methods written by Brian D. Haig and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-04 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Philosophy of Quantitative Methods focuses on the conceptual foundations of research methods within the behavioral sciences. In particular, it undertakes a close philosophical examination of a variety of quantitative research methods that are prominent in (or relevant for) the conduct of research in these fields. By doing so, the deep structure of these methods is examined in order to overcome the non-critical approaches typically found in the existing literature today. In this book, Brian D. Haig focuses on the more well-known research methods such as exploratory data analysis, statistical significant testing, Bayesian confirmation theory and statistics, meta-analysis, and exploratory factor analysis. These methods are then examined with a philosophy consistent of scientific realism. In addition, each chapter provides a helpful Further Reading section in order to better assist the reader in extending their own thinking and research methods specific to their needs.

Progress in International Relations Theory

Author : Colin Elman
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262262552
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Progress in International Relations Theory by : Colin Elman

Download or read book Progress in International Relations Theory written by Colin Elman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003-08-29 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All academic disciplines periodically appraise their effectiveness, evaluating the progress of previous scholarship and judging which approaches are useful and which are not. Although no field could survive if it did nothing but appraise its progress, occasional appraisals are important and if done well can help advance the field. This book investigates how international relations theorists can better equip themselves to determine the state of scholarly work in their field. It takes as its starting point Imre Lakatos's influential theory of scientific change, and in particular his methodology of scientific research programs (MSRP). It uses MSRP to organize its analysis of major research programs over the last several decades and uses MSRP's criteria for theoretical progress to evaluate these programs. The contributors appraise the progress of institutional theory, varieties of realist and liberal theory, operational code analysis, and other research programs in international relations. Their analyses reveal the strengths and limits of Lakatosian criteria and the need for metatheoretical metrics for evaluating scientific progress.

Bayesian Reasoning in Data Analysis

Author : Giulio D'Agostini
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9812383565
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (123 download)

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Book Synopsis Bayesian Reasoning in Data Analysis by : Giulio D'Agostini

Download or read book Bayesian Reasoning in Data Analysis written by Giulio D'Agostini and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multi-level introduction to Bayesian reasoning. The basic ideas of this approach to the quantification of uncertainty are presented using examples from research and everyday life. Applications covered include: parametric inference; combination of results; comparison of hypotheses; and more.

Making 20th Century Science

Author : Stephen G. Brush
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199978158
Total Pages : 553 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Making 20th Century Science by : Stephen G. Brush

Download or read book Making 20th Century Science written by Stephen G. Brush and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, the scientific method has been said to require proposing a theory, making a prediction of something not already known, testing the prediction, and giving up the theory (or substantially changing it) if it fails the test. A theory that leads to several successful predictions is more likely to be accepted than one that only explains what is already known but not understood. This process is widely treated as the conventional method of achieving scientific progress, and was used throughout the twentieth century as the standard route to discovery and experimentation. But does science really work this way? In Making 20th Century Science, Stephen G. Brush discusses this question, as it relates to the development of science throughout the last century. Answering this question requires both a philosophically and historically scientific approach, and Brush blends the two in order to take a close look at how scientific methodology has developed. Several cases from the history of modern physical and biological science are examined, including Mendeleev's Periodic Law, Kekule's structure for benzene, the light-quantum hypothesis, quantum mechanics, chromosome theory, and natural selection. In general it is found that theories are accepted for a combination of successful predictions and better explanations of old facts. Making 20th Century Science is a large-scale historical look at the implementation of the scientific method, and how scientific theories come to be accepted.

Science in Court

Author : Michael Freeman
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429791968
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)

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Book Synopsis Science in Court by : Michael Freeman

Download or read book Science in Court written by Michael Freeman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1998, this volume contains essays from leading thinkers on both sides of the Atlantic on the relationship between law and science. Science plays an ever-increasing part in the development of legislation and the adjudication of cases. Its limitations and its value are explored in these essays which discuss issues of methodology and of evidence. Amongst areas covered are silicone breast implants, the rape trauma syndrome, the environment, inventions and Bayesianism.

The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science

Author : Martin Curd
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135011095
Total Pages : 736 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science by : Martin Curd

Download or read book The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science written by Martin Curd and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-24 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science is an indispensable reference source and guide to the major themes, debates, problems and topics in philosophy of science. It contains sixty-two specially commissioned entries by a leading team of international contributors. Organized into four parts it covers: historical and philosophical context debates concepts the individual sciences. The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science addresses all of the essential topics that students of philosophy of science need to know - from empiricism, explanation and experiment to causation, observation, prediction and more - and contains many helpful features including chapters on individual sciences (such as biology, chemistry, physics and psychology), further reading and cross-referencing at the end of each chapter. Expanded and revised throughout, this second edition includes new chapters on Conventionalism, Social Epistemology, Computer Simulation, Thought Experiments, Pseudoscience, Species and Taxonomy, and Cosmology.

Fundamentals of Bayesian Epistemology 1

Author : Michael G. Titelbaum
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198707606
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Bayesian Epistemology 1 by : Michael G. Titelbaum

Download or read book Fundamentals of Bayesian Epistemology 1 written by Michael G. Titelbaum and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Fundamentals of Bayesian Epistemology' provides an accessible introduction to the key concepts and principles of the Bayesian formalism. This volume introduces degrees of belief as a concept in epistemology and the rules for updating degrees of belief derived from Bayesian principles.--

Likelihood, Bayesian, and MCMC Methods in Quantitative Genetics

Author : Daniel Sorensen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387227644
Total Pages : 740 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis Likelihood, Bayesian, and MCMC Methods in Quantitative Genetics by : Daniel Sorensen

Download or read book Likelihood, Bayesian, and MCMC Methods in Quantitative Genetics written by Daniel Sorensen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-04 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, suitable for numerate biologists and for applied statisticians, provides the foundations of likelihood, Bayesian and MCMC methods in the context of genetic analysis of quantitative traits. Although a number of excellent texts in these areas have become available in recent years, the basic ideas and tools are typically described in a technically demanding style and contain much more detail than necessary. Here, an effort has been made to relate biological to statistical parameters throughout, and the book includes extensive examples that illustrate the developing argument.

Bayesian Epistemology

Author : Luc Bovens
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191533521
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Bayesian Epistemology by : Luc Bovens

Download or read book Bayesian Epistemology written by Luc Bovens and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2004-01-08 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Probabilistic models have much to offer to philosophy. We continually receive information from a variety of sources: from our senses, from witnesses, from scientific instruments. When considering whether we should believe this information, we assess whether the sources are independent, how reliable they are, and how plausible and coherent the information is. Bovens and Hartmann provide a systematic Bayesian account of these features of reasoning. Simple Bayesian Networks allow us to model alternative assumptions about the nature of the information sources. Measurement of the coherence of information is a controversial matter: arguably, the more coherent a set of information is, the more confident we may be that its content is true, other things being equal. The authors offer a new treatment of coherence which respects this claim and shows its relevance to scientific theory choice. Bovens and Hartmann apply this methodology to a wide range of much discussed issues regarding evidence, testimony, scientific theories, and voting. Bayesian Epistemology is an essential tool for anyone working on probabilistic methods in philosophy, and has broad implications for many other disciplines.

Bayesian Methods

Author : Jeff Gill
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420010824
Total Pages : 696 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Bayesian Methods by : Jeff Gill

Download or read book Bayesian Methods written by Jeff Gill and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-11-26 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of Bayesian Methods: A Social and Behavioral Sciences Approach helped pave the way for Bayesian approaches to become more prominent in social science methodology. While the focus remains on practical modeling and basic theory as well as on intuitive explanations and derivations without skipping steps, this second edition incorpora

Simplicity, Inference and Modelling

Author : Arnold Zellner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139432389
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Simplicity, Inference and Modelling by : Arnold Zellner

Download or read book Simplicity, Inference and Modelling written by Arnold Zellner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-02-07 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea that simplicity matters in science is as old as science itself, with the much cited example of Ockham's Razor, 'entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem': entities are not to be multiplied beyond necessity. A problem with Ockham's razor is that nearly everybody seems to accept it, but few are able to define its exact meaning and to make it operational in a non-arbitrary way. Using a multidisciplinary perspective including philosophers, mathematicians, econometricians and economists, this 2002 monograph examines simplicity by asking six questions: what is meant by simplicity? How is simplicity measured? Is there an optimum trade-off between simplicity and goodness-of-fit? What is the relation between simplicity and empirical modelling? What is the relation between simplicity and prediction? What is the connection between simplicity and convenience? The book concludes with reflections on simplicity by Nobel Laureates in Economics.

Bayesian Rationality

Author : Mike Oaksford
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198524498
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Bayesian Rationality by : Mike Oaksford

Download or read book Bayesian Rationality written by Mike Oaksford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-22 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For almost 2,500 years, the Western concept of what is to be human has been dominated by the idea that the mind is the seat of reason - humans are, almost by definition, the rational animal. In this text a more radical suggestion for explaining these puzzling aspects of human reasoning is put forward.

Inference, Explanation, and Other Frustrations

Author : John Earman
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520309871
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Inference, Explanation, and Other Frustrations by : John Earman

Download or read book Inference, Explanation, and Other Frustrations written by John Earman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-07-28 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These provocative essays by leading philosophers of science exemplify and illuminate the contemporary uncertainty and excitement in the field. The papers are rich in new perspectives, and their far-reaching criticisms challenge arguments long prevalent in classic philosophical problems of induction, empiricism, and realism. By turns empirical or analytic, historical or programmatic, confessional or argumentative, the authors' arguments both describe and demonstrate the fact that philosophy of science is in a ferment more intense than at any time since the heyday of logical positivism early in the twentieth century. Contents: “Thoroughly Modern Meno,” Clark Glymour and Kevin Kelly “The Concept of Induction in the Light of the Interrogative Approach to Inquiry,” Jaakko Hintikka “Aristotelian Natures and Modern Experimental Method,” Nancy Cartwright “Genetic Inference: A Reconsideration of “David Hume's Empiricism,” Barbara D. Massey and Gerald J. Massey “Philosophy and the Exact Sciences: Logical Positivism as a Case Study,” Michael Friedman “Language and Interpretation: Philosophical Reflections and Empirical Inquiry,” Noam Chomsky “Constructivism, Realism, and Philosophical Method,” Richard Boyd “Do We Need a Hierarchical Model of Science?” Diderik Batens “Theories of Theories: A View from Cognitive Science,” Richard E. Grandy “Procedural Syntax for Theory Elements,” Joseph D. Sneed “Why Functionalism Didn't Work,” Hilary Putnam “Physicalism,” Hartry Field This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1992.