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Bank Concentration And Fragility
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Book Synopsis Bank Concentration and Fragility by : Thorsten Beck
Download or read book Bank Concentration and Fragility written by Thorsten Beck and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Public policy debates and theoretical disputes motivate this paper's examination of (i) the relationship between bank concentration and banking system fragility and (ii) the mechanisms underlying this relationship. We find no support for the view that concentration increases the fragility of banks. Rather, banking system concentration is associated with a lower probability that the country suffers a systemic banking crisis. In terms of policies, we find that (i) regulations and institutions that facilitate competition in banking are associated with less not more -- banking system fragility and (ii) including these policy indicators does not change the results on concentration. This suggests that concentration is a proxy for something else besides the competitive environment. Also, we do not find that official capital regulations, reserve requirements, or official prudential regulations lower crises probabilities. Finally, we present suggestive evidence that concentrated banking systems tend to have larger, better-diversified banks, which may help account for the positive link between concentration and stability"--NBER website
Download or read book Bank Concentration and Crises written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bank Concentration and Crises by : Thorsten Beck
Download or read book Bank Concentration and Crises written by Thorsten Beck and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motivated by public policy debates about bank consolidation and conflicting theoretical predictions about the relationship between the market structure of the banking industry and bank fragility, this paper studies the impact of bank concentration, bank regulations, and national institutions on the likelihood of suffering a systemic banking crisis. Using data on 70 countries from 1980 to 1997, we find that crises are less likely in economies with (i) more concentrated banking systems, (ii) fewer regulatory restrictions on bank competition and activities, and (iii) national institutions that encourage competition.
Book Synopsis Bank Concentration and Crises by : Thorsten Beck
Download or read book Bank Concentration and Crises written by Thorsten Beck and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motivated by public policy debates about bank consolidation and conflicting theoretical predictions about the relationship between the market structure of the banking industry and bank fragility, this paper studies the impact of bank concentration, bank regulations, and national institutions on the likelihood of suffering a systemic banking crisis. Using data on 70 countries from 1980 to 1997, we find that crises are less likely in economies with (i) more concentrated banking systems, (ii) fewer regulatory restrictions on bank competition and activities, and (iii) national institutions that encourage competition.
Book Synopsis The Risks of Financial Institutions by : Mark Carey
Download or read book The Risks of Financial Institutions written by Mark Carey and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until about twenty years ago, the consensus view on the cause of financial-system distress was fairly simple: a run on one bank could easily turn to a panic involving runs on all banks, destroying some and disrupting the financial system. Since then, however, a series of events—such as emerging-market debt crises, bond-market meltdowns, and the Long-Term Capital Management episode—has forced a rethinking of the risks facing financial institutions and the tools available to measure and manage these risks. The Risks of Financial Institutions examines the various risks affecting financial institutions and explores a variety of methods to help institutions and regulators more accurately measure and forecast risk. The contributors--from academic institutions, regulatory organizations, and banking--bring a wide range of perspectives and experience to the issue. The result is a volume that points a way forward to greater financial stability and better risk management of financial institutions.
Book Synopsis Bank Size and Systemic Risk by : Mr.Luc Laeven
Download or read book Bank Size and Systemic Risk written by Mr.Luc Laeven and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-05-08 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proposed SDN documents the evolution of bank size and activities over the past 20 years. It discusses whether this evolution can be explained by economies of scale or “too big to fail” subsidies. The paper then presents evidence on the extent to which bank size and market-based activities contribute to systemic risk. The paper concludes with policy messages in the area of capital regulation and activity restrictions to reduce the systemic risk posed by large banks. The analysis of the paper complements earlier Fund work, including SDN 13/04 and the recent GFSR chapter on “too big to fail” subsidies, and its policy message is in line with this earlier work.
Book Synopsis Does Deposit Insurance Increase Banking System Stability? by : Asl? Demirgüç-Kunt
Download or read book Does Deposit Insurance Increase Banking System Stability? written by Asl? Demirgüç-Kunt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Explicit deposit insurance tends to be detrimental to bank stability-- the more so where bank interest rates are deregulated and the institutional environment is weak"--Cover.
Book Synopsis Are More Competitive Banking Systems More Stable? by : Martin Cihák
Download or read book Are More Competitive Banking Systems More Stable? written by Martin Cihák and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2006-06 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides the first empirical analysis of the cross-country relationship between a direct measure of competitive conduct of financial institutions and banking system fragility. Using the Panzar and Rosse H-Statistic as a measure for competition in 38 countries during 1980-2003, we present evidence that more competitive banking systems are less prone to systemic crises and that time to crisis is longer in a competitive environment. Our results hold when concentration and the regulatory environment are controlled for and are robust to different methodologies, different sampling periods, and alternative samples.
Book Synopsis Essays on Financial Stability and the Industrial Organization of the Banking System by : Jiahong Gao
Download or read book Essays on Financial Stability and the Industrial Organization of the Banking System written by Jiahong Gao and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of my dissertation is to study how the industrial organization of the banking sector affects the risk-taking behavior of financial intermediaries and the degree of instability within the banking system. In the first chapter, I ask whether the notion that market concentration promotes stability survives when the government intervention during a crisis is properly taken into account. To this end, I study suspension policies in an environment without commitment, following Ennis and Keister (2009). When the BA only values the welfare of depositors, the degree of fragility is independent of the competitive structure of the banking system. However, having a BA that puts some weight on the monopolist's welfare can serve as a commitment device in suspending payments earlier to protect bank profits, which reduces fragility under a monopoly. The second chapter investigates how the industrial organization of the banking sector may be associated with different triggers for the system to be unstable. In particular, my analysis is based on a modern version of the Diamond and Dybvig (1983) framework in which a self-fulfilling run occurs at a non-trivial probability and banks lack commitment in determining the structure of liabilities as in Ennis and Keister (2010). I find that the possibility that the monopolistic bank may lose its rents in times of stress encourages it to be relatively illiquid. As a result, a monopoly is more stable (fragile) than perfect competition if the ex-ante probability of a financial crisis is below (above) some threshold. The last chapter examines the effects of bank failures and market concentration on credit market activity across United States. In particular, I employ a recent 17-year panel of all FDIC-insured commercial banks over the period 1994Q3 to 2010Q4 and construct state-specific measures of bank failures and deposit concentration. Using a seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) model, I find that over the full sample, banks issued less loans if the likelihood of a bank failure in a given state increased. Further, banks in states with higher degrees of concentration also issued less loans. Interestingly, there appears evidence that market concentration serves as a buffer against instability.
Book Synopsis Competition and Stability in Banking by : Xavier Vives
Download or read book Competition and Stability in Banking written by Xavier Vives and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-03 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A distinguished economist examines competition, regulation, and stability in today's global banks Does too much competition in banking hurt society? What policies can best protect and stabilize banking without stifling it? Institutional responses to such questions have evolved over time, from interventionist regulatory control after the Great Depression to the liberalization policies that started in the United States in the 1970s. The global financial crisis of 2007–2009, which originated from an oversupply of credit, once again raised questions about excessive banking competition and what should be done about it. Competition and Stability in Banking addresses the critical relationships between competition, regulation, and stability, and the implications of coordinating banking regulations with competition policies. Xavier Vives argues that while competition is not responsible for fragility in banking, there are trade-offs between competition and stability. Well-designed regulations would alleviate these trade-offs but not eliminate them, and the specificity of competition in banking should be accounted for. Vives argues that regulation and competition policy should be coordinated, with tighter prudential requirements in more competitive situations, but he also shows that supervisory and competition authorities should stand separate from each other, each pursuing its own objective. Vives reviews the theory and empirics of banking competition, drawing on up-to-date analysis that incorporates the characteristics of modern market-based banking, and he looks at regulation, competition policies, and crisis interventions in Europe and the United States, as well as in emerging economies. Focusing on why banking competition policies are necessary, Competition and Stability in Banking examines regulation's impact on the industry's efficiency and effectiveness.
Book Synopsis Managing the Sovereign-Bank Nexus by : Mr.Giovanni Dell'Ariccia
Download or read book Managing the Sovereign-Bank Nexus written by Mr.Giovanni Dell'Ariccia and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-09-07 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews empirical and theoretical work on the links between banks and their governments (the bank-sovereign nexus). How significant is this nexus? What do we know about it? To what extent is it a source of concern? What is the role of policy intervention? The paper concludes with a review of recent policy proposals.
Book Synopsis Swing Pricing and Fragility in Open-end Mutual Funds by : Dunhong Jin
Download or read book Swing Pricing and Fragility in Open-end Mutual Funds written by Dunhong Jin and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How to prevent runs on open-end mutual funds? In recent years, markets have observed an innovation that changed the way open-end funds are priced. Alternative pricing rules (known as swing pricing) adjust funds’ net asset values to pass on funds’ trading costs to transacting shareholders. Using unique data on investor transactions in U.K. corporate bond funds, we show that swing pricing eliminates the first-mover advantage arising from the traditional pricing rule and significantly reduces redemptions during stress periods. The positive impact of alternative pricing rules on fund flows reverses in calm periods when costs associated with higher tracking error dominate the pricing effect.
Book Synopsis Bank Competition and Financial Stability by : Mr.Gianni De Nicolo
Download or read book Bank Competition and Financial Stability written by Mr.Gianni De Nicolo and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study versions of a general equilibrium banking model with moral hazard under either constant or increasing returns to scale of the intermediation technology used by banks to screen and/or monitor borrowers. If the intermediation technology exhibits increasing returns to scale, or it is relatively efficient, then perfect competition is optimal and supports the lowest feasible level of bank risk. Conversely, if the intermediation technology exhibits constant returns to scale, or is relatively inefficient, then imperfect competition and intermediate levels of bank risks are optimal. These results are empirically relevant and carry significant implications for financial policy.
Book Synopsis The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions by : Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Download or read book The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions written by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Banking Concentration by : Jeremy Crimmel
Download or read book Three Essays on Banking Concentration written by Jeremy Crimmel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Banks warrant special attention because of the key role they play in providing liquidity to the market, transforming assets, managing risks, and monitoring borrowers. Over the past few decades, the US banking system consolidated considerably which resulted in a more concentrated system where the majority of assets are controlled by a few excessively large institutions. This dissertation examines concentration of the US banking sector and its relationship with the real economy, idiosyncratic bank stability, and financial market volatility. Chapter 1 investigates the association between banking concentration and the real economy through the bank failures channel. To this end, we build a system of equations that estimates the association between banking concentration and the real economy by employing quarterly U.S. data from 1984 through 2013. The first equation tests the association between bank concentration and the rate of bank failure using an autoregressive Poisson model which allows for more accurate estimates than linear models. The remaining three equations model respectively, real GDP growth, unemployment, and inflation as functions of the rate of bank failure. Three interesting results are obtained. First, there is a threshold below which increasing concentration causes a reduction in bank failures and above which an increase in failures. Second, as bank failures increase, economic growth slows while unemployment and inflation both increase. Third, our results imply that the U.S. banking system is more than twice as concentrated as the optimal level as determined by the minimum rate of bank failure and is having a detrimental effect on the real economy. Our results suggest that while the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010 introduced legislation aimed in part at restricting the level of banking concentration, additional reductions in concentration may be necessary to strengthen the economy. Chapter 2 investigates the association between banking concentration and idiosyncratic bank stability after the passage of the Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 into legislation. First, we model individual bank stability as a non-linear, as opposed to a linear, function of banking concentration allowing us to determine if rising concentration increases (decreases) bank stability up to a certain point and decreases (increases) it thereafter. Second, we differentiate between large and small banks by introducing an interaction term between concentration and bank size allowing us to determine if size-based differences alter the concentration-stability relationship. Third, we employ a fixed effects instrumental variable model and correct for reverse causality between bank stability and bank concentration. Our findings indicate that large and small banks react very differently to changes in concentration. As concentration exceeds a certain threshold, small banks become less stable, hold less capital, are less profitable, and hold more volatile portfolios. The results are the reverse for large banks. We also find that as concentration increases, large banks increasingly contribute to systemic risk, despite the fact that their idiosyncratic risk is reduced. Chapter 3 investigates the association between financial market volatility and banking concentration. Research on this relationship has been sparse and remains ambiguous. A main difficulty with achieving this task is the low frequency (quarterly) nature of the concentration data relative to the high frequency (daily) volatility data. To overcome this problem, we employ a GARCH-MIDAS volatility model which allows us to test the relationship between data with dissimilar frequencies. We consider the sample period 1986:1 to 2013:4. Our results indicate that higher levels of banking concentration are positively associated with higher volatility in the US stock, options, and corporate bond markets and negatively associated with the US government bond volatility. These finding fill a major void in the literature and have implications for regulators and policy makers.
Book Synopsis Financial Liberalization and Financial Fragility by : Asli Demirgüç-Kunt
Download or read book Financial Liberalization and Financial Fragility written by Asli Demirgüç-Kunt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-06-01 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of 53 countries during 1980-95 finds that financial liberalization increases the probability of a banking crisis, but less so where the institutional environment is strong. In particular, respect for the rule of law, a low level of corruption, and good contract enforcement are relevant institutional characteristics. the data also show that, after liberalization, financially repressed countries tend to have improved financial development even if they experience a banking crisis. This is not true for financially restrained countries. This paper’s results support a cautious approach to financial liberalization where institutions are weak, even if macroeconomic stabilization has been achieved.
Download or read book Bank Concentration written by Ross Levine and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
