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Bald Eagle Winter Habitat On Southwestern National Forests
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Book Synopsis Bald Eagle Winter Habitat on Southwestern National Forests by : Teryl G. Grubb
Download or read book Bald Eagle Winter Habitat on Southwestern National Forests written by Teryl G. Grubb and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bald Eagle Winter Habitat on Southwestern National Forests by : Teryl G. Grubb
Download or read book Bald Eagle Winter Habitat on Southwestern National Forests written by Teryl G. Grubb and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nineteen Seventy-eight Bald Eagle Winter Habitat on the National Forest System in the Southwest by : T. G. Grubb
Download or read book Nineteen Seventy-eight Bald Eagle Winter Habitat on the National Forest System in the Southwest written by T. G. Grubb and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 1978 Bald Eagle Winter Habitat on the National Forest System in the Southwest by : Teryl G. Grubb
Download or read book 1978 Bald Eagle Winter Habitat on the National Forest System in the Southwest written by Teryl G. Grubb and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Bald Eagle in Southeast Alaska by : Winifred B. Sidle
Download or read book The Bald Eagle in Southeast Alaska written by Winifred B. Sidle and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Paper RM. written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forestry Research West written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest (N.F.), Keystone-Quartz Ecosystem Management, Wise River Ranger District by :
Download or read book Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest (N.F.), Keystone-Quartz Ecosystem Management, Wise River Ranger District written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bird Conservation 2 by : Stanley A. Temple
Download or read book Bird Conservation 2 written by Stanley A. Temple and published by Univ of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 1985-05-31 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerned conservationists and professional and amateur ornithologists alike welcomed the inauguration, in 1983, of Bird Conservation. Sponsored by the U.S. Section of the International Council for Bird Preservation, the ambitious project was designed to provide a yearly overview of current research and key ecological topics in the field of bird conservation. This, the second yearbook of the series, includes essays by leading ecologists and ornithologists and focuses on a range of issues critical to island birds--among them, the status of endangered birds of Micronesia, the distribution and abundance of Hawaiian native birds, the vulnerability of endemic island birds to extinction, and bird conservation efforts in the United States Caribbean. Also included are concise reports on recent bird conservation activities and research and an annotated bibliography of relevant literature.
Download or read book Grasslands Pipeline Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tahoe National Forest (N.F.), Red Star Restoration, Placer County by :
Download or read book Tahoe National Forest (N.F.), Red Star Restoration, Placer County written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Draft Environmental Impact Statement by :
Download or read book Draft Environmental Impact Statement written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tahoe National Forest (N.F.), Phoenix Project by :
Download or read book Tahoe National Forest (N.F.), Phoenix Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Night Roosts of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) Wintering in Northern Arizona by : Prabin K. Joshi
Download or read book Night Roosts of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) Wintering in Northern Arizona written by Prabin K. Joshi and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) were delisted from threatened or endangered status in 2007 in the conterminous states because of their encouraging comeback throughout most of North America. However the recent court decision on 1 May 2008 forced USFWS to issue a rule to amend the regulations for the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife by designating bald eagles in the Sonoran Desert of central Arizona (also called the ‘southwest population’) as threatened under the authority of Endangered Species Act of 1973. The southwest population is believed to exist in an ecological setting that is unusual and unique among bald eagle populations. Although it is unknown if the southwest population differs markedly from other bald eagle populations in its genetic characteristics, morphological and behavioral differences suggest that genetic differences may exist. Bald eagles are still protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Acts. Bald eagles are habitat generalists and opportunistic feeders (they typically take the easiest and most abundant prey regardless of class or whether live or dead), and roost in a single or group of trees in winter. A roost is an individual or group of trees where ≥1 bald eagle(s) perch overnight. We hypothesized that bald eagles selected night roosts during winter that provided physical safety (e.g., hiding cover), thermal protection, and close proximity to food sources. Our objective was to describe habitat characteristics of night roosts used by migratory bald eagles wintering in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of northern Arizona. Bald eagles are not usually thought to be a migratory species but some populations migrate while other eagles stay on or near their breeding territories yearround. We considered habitat use at two scales: microhabitat (habitat characteristics within a 30-m diameter area centered at the roost tree measured on ground-based plots) and macrohabitat (habitat characteristics within a 90-m diameter plot centered at the roost tree based on spatial data layers from a geographic information system). Arizona Department of Emergency and Military Affairs and Arizona Game and Fish Department captured and fitted 10 bald eagles (≥3.70 kg, mean and standard error [SE]: 4.75 ± 0.22 kg; 7 adults, 1 subadult, and 2 juveniles) with 70-g, solar-charged satellite Platform Transmitter Terminals at Camp Navajo, Flagstaff, Arizona in 2005 and 2007. We measured microhabitat characteristics of 54 night roosts for 7 bald eagles (6 adults, 1 subadult; mean number of locations per eagle and SE: 8 ± 2) in ponderosa pine forests and ≥500 m apart (for spatial independence). We paired each roost site with a randomlyselected plot ≥500 m away. Random plots had to be in a ponderosa pine stand with at least one tree ≥20 cm diameter at breast height (dbh; large enough for eagles to perch overnight). To measure macrohabitat characteristics, we selected 200 night roosts (mean and SE: 25 ± 11 roosts per eagle; range: 7 to 43) for 8 bald eagles (6 adults, 1 subadult, 1 juvenile) that were located within ponderosa pine forests of northern Arizona. Spatial data layers we used were mapped by the Forest Ecosystem Restoration Analysis (ERA) project with a 90-m resolution raster dataset. We generated 200 random points within ponderosa pine stands ≥500-m apart for comparison points and measured the same characteristics as for night roosts. We developed 13 and 11 a priori models for microhabitat and macrohabitat use, respectively. We used Akaike’s Information Criteria or Akaike’s Information Criteria adjusted for small sample sizes to evaluate models describing night roosts. Models with ∆AICc ≤2 were considered the best approximating models. Microhabitat analyses showed that trees used as night roosts were larger dbh (roost: 75.2 ± 2.2 cm, random: 58.2 ± 1.5), on steeper slopes (roost: 12.4 ± 2.2 percent, random: 6.6 ± 1.1) and surrounded by greater basal area (roost: 19.7 ± 8.0 m2 /ha, random: 17.7 ± 7.8), higher densities of large trees (roost: 61.9 ± 4.8 trees/ha, random: 39.6 ± 4.5) and lower densities of small trees (roost: 137.3 ± 17.4 trees/ha, random: 158 ± 24.0) than comparable characteristics of randomly-selected sites. Mean dbh for trees in the plot was larger (61.9 ± 4.8 cm) than for random plots (39.6 ± 4.5 cm). Roost plots were more likely to face east (67%) than west (33%). The global model best predicted use of a roost by bald eagles (wi = 0.998); other models performed poorly in comparison (∆AICc ≥12.34). Most (94%) of the large trees in roost plots were co-dominant or dominant and had ≥50% live crown ratio (91%). We used a post-hoc analysis to find a more parsimonious model to describe night roost characteristics. The top 3 models (∆AICc ≤3.94) that best predicted use of a roost by eagles included dbh of the largest tree in each plot, density of large trees, density of small trees, slope, eastness (Sin [aspect in degrees] transformed aspect using trigonometric function), tree size variability, and number of trees with live crown ratios ≥75%. At the macrohabitat scale, eagles used roosts that were closer to highways and interstates and farther from lakes than randomly-selected points. Since highways and interstates are believed to provide major sources of food (e.g., road-killed mammals) for bald eagles during winter, eagle roosts appeared to be located in close proximity to food sources. Eagles selected north-facing roosts which may offer protection from southwest winds. Twelve hotspots for bald eagles (used by ≥1 eagle ≥5 times) were identified. Hotspots used by multiple eagles were on generally northeastfacing, on greater slopes and closer to lakes, highways, and interstates. Location and structure of night roosts seemed to provide physical safety, better thermal cover, and sources of food to bald eagles wintering in northern Arizona.
Book Synopsis Final Environmental Impact Statement for Threemile Timber Sale by : United States. Forest Service
Download or read book Final Environmental Impact Statement for Threemile Timber Sale written by United States. Forest Service and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Routt National Forest (N.F.), Lake Catamount Resort and Ski Area Development, Steamboat Springs by :
Download or read book Routt National Forest (N.F.), Lake Catamount Resort and Ski Area Development, Steamboat Springs written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dixie National Forest (N.F.), Jacob/Swale Vegetation Management Project, Garfield County by :
Download or read book Dixie National Forest (N.F.), Jacob/Swale Vegetation Management Project, Garfield County written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: