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Author : Joseph Michael Blakely
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)
Download or read book Automated Operation of the ZaP Flow Z-Pinch Experiment written by Joseph Michael Blakely and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The ZaP Flow Z-Pinch Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results from the ZaP experiment are consistent with the theoretical predictions of sheared flow stabilization. Z pinches with a sheared flow are generated in the ZaP experiment using a coaxial accelerator coupled to an assembly region. The current sheet in the accelerator initially acts as a snowplow. As the Z pinch forms, plasma formation in the accelerator transits to a deflagration process. The plasma exits the accelerator and maintains the flow in the Z pinch. During the quiescent period in the magnetic mode activity at z=0 cm, a stable Z pinch is seen on the axis of the assembly region. The evolution of the axial velocity profile shows a large velocity shear is measured at the edge of the Z pinch during the quiescent period. The velocity shear is above the theoretical threshold. As the velocity shear decreases towards 0.1kV{sub A}, the predicted stability threshold, the quiescent period ends. The present understanding of the ZaP experiment shows that it may be possible for the Z pinch to operate in a steady state if the deflagration process can be maintained by constantly supplying neutral gas or plasma to the accelerator.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)
Download or read book The ZaP Flow Z-Pinch Project - Final Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ZaP Flow Z-Pinch Project is a project to extend the performance of the flow Z-pinch experiment at the University of Washington to investigate and isolate the relevant physics of the stabilizing effect of plasma flow. Experimental plasmas have exhibited an enhanced stability under certain operating parameters which generate a flow state (axial flows in Z-pinches and VH mode in tokamaks). Flow has also been suggested as the stabilizing mechanism in astrophysical jets.
Author : Elliot L. Claveau
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)
Download or read book Axial Evolution of a Sheared-flow-stabilized Z Pinch written by Elliot L. Claveau and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fusion Z-pinch Experiment (FuZE) is a sheared-flow-stabilized Z pinch based on the ZaP and ZaP-HD experiments. The FuZE device generates neutron-producing, 50-cm-long Z pinches formed from plasma accelerated through coaxial electrodes. The Z pinches are sustained between a nose cone at the tip of the plasma gun and an end wall at the end of the assembly region flux conserver. The end wall geometry is modified from a central hole to a spoked design and it is found that plasma exhaust is limited, but can be increased by increasing the ratio of ram and thermal pressures to the magnetic field pressure. The limited plasma exhaust results in a stagnation wave in the assembly region, increasing the plasma axial current and changing the shear flow profiles from a hollow to a peaked velocity distribution. The instantaneous neutron scaling with pinch current is investigated and it is found that the scaling corresponds to an adiabatic pinch where linear density increases with axial current. Lastly, the termination of plasma acceleration is found to be triggered by a blow-by instability starting at the insulator located at the breech end of the coaxial accelerator.
Author : David Martinez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (846 download)
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Sheared Flow Stabilization of Z-pinches written by David Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The wire array z-pinch is an efficient x-ray source [1] which has been proposed for use in indirect drive inertial confinement fusion schemes [2]. The z-pinch can become a more efficient x-ray source if its stability is improved. Cylindrical wire array z-pinch experiments where the Rayleigh-Taylor instability was suppressed showed increased x-ray yield and power [1]; however the pressure driven MHD instabilities (sausage and kink instabilities) were still present and possibly limited the x-ray production of the pinch. Linear MHD calculations of z-pinch stability with an axial velocity shear predict that a supersonic axial flow with a radial gradient is capable of stabilizing the MHD instabilities [3][4][5]. A sheared flow can be introduced to a pinch by using a conical wire array with a fine metallic wire on axis [6]. The wire on axis will carry a fraction of the total current during the implosion which will cause the center wire to create a conducting plasma column while a flow passes over it. This presentation will compare the experimental results of a z-pinch with and without a sheared flow. From this comparison it will be shown that the sheared flow in these experiments has a stabilizing effect on the MHD instabilities present in the z-pinch plasma column.
Author : A. Krejčí
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (257 download)
Download or read book Gas-puff Z-pinch Experiment written by A. Krejčí and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. R. Drake
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (255 download)
Download or read book Experimental Studies of an Extrap Z-pinch written by J. R. Drake and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Application of 2-D Simulations to Z-Pinch Experiment Design and Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The successful 2-D simulations of z-pinch experiments (reproducing such features as the measured experimental current drive, radiation pulse shape, peak power and total radiated energy) can lead to a better understanding of the underlying physics in z-pinch implosions and to the opportunity to use such simulations in the analysis of experimental data and in the design of new experiments. Such use has been made with LANL simulations of experiments on the Sandia Saturn and Z accelerators. Applications have included ''vacuum'' and ''dynamic'' hohlraum experiments; variations in mass, radius and length; and ''nested'' array configurations. Notable examples include the explanation of the power/length results in reduced length pinches and the prediction of the current best power and pulsewidth nested array experiment. Examples of circumstances where the simulation results do not match the experiments will be given along with a discussion of opportunities for improved simulation results.
Download or read book The High Density Z-pinch II Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The HDZP II is an experiment with the objective of taking a z-pinch plasma, created from a small diameter solid deuterium fiber, up to the Pease-Braginskii current limit while maintaining Bennett equilibrium (constant radius) throughout the current pulse. This paper discusses this experiment.
Download or read book Proposal for the ZT-40 Reversed-field Z-pinch Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A next-generation, toroidal, reversed-field Z-pinch experiment to be constructed at LASL is proposed. On the basis of encouraging ZT-I and ZT-S experimental results, a larger device with a 40-cm bore and a 114-cm major radius is proposed, to extend the confinement time by about an order of magnitude. The new experiment will explore the physics of programming reversed-field pinches in a size range unexplored by previous reversed-field pinch experiments. Model reversed-field pinch reactor calculations show that, if stability is assumed, small fusion reactors are possible if the pinch current density is high. A basic aim will be to delineate the plasma and current density ranges in which stable reversed-field pinches can be produced. Improved vacuum techniques will be used to overcome the radiation losses that probably kept electron temperatures low in the earlier, smaller experiments.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (894 download)
Download or read book NRL Capillary Z-pinch Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current renewed interest in the dense linear z-pinch is due in large part to a recent Los Alamos Study which concluded that a z- pinch based reactor could produce 4.4 KJ of fusion energy per pulse for the modest input of 140 kJ per pulse, if a straight pinch could be maintained for 2 [mu]sec. Early attempts to achieve suitable high density z-pinches were of the implosion type which produced hollow pressure profiles that quickly resulted in disruptive m = 0 instabilities. These instabilities are not found in the gas embedded pinch in which an initially small diameter plasma is kept in radial equilibrium by following a prescribed current waveform. Unfortunately, these pinches are prone to a rapid accretion of the surrounding gas during the early stages of formation. Our approach is to form the pinch inside small diameter quartz capillaries filled with neutral hydrogen. This fixes the line density. By driving currents through the pinch at a rate that exceeds that necessary for radial equilibrium, we expect the pinch to contract away from the walls and be subject to compressional, as well as ohmic heating. This contraction will, of course, produce a plasma between the pinch and the capillary wall, but we anticipate this ''corona'' will be kept at a low temperature (i.e., high resistance) by radiation and hence shunt only a small fraction of the pinch current. We also expect negligible impurities in the pinch as the classical mixing time will be much longer than the pinch duration at the densities (1021- 1022 ions/cm3) and magnetic fields (1 - 10 MG) involved. However, we do expect the presence of the dense corona to reduce the growth rate of the m = 1 instability. Our results demonstrate that a z-pinch can be formed inside a capillary, but our limited current rise rates and peak current have limited our test abilities. Planned improvements in electrical equipment should yield successful testing results.
Author : D. A. Baker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (97 download)
Download or read book Z-pinch Experiments with Shock Heating written by D. A. Baker and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The High Density Z-pinch written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past few years techniques have been developed for producing pinches in solid deuterium. The conditions which exist in these plasmas are quiet different from those produced earlier. The pinch is formed from a fiber of solid deuterium rather than from a low density gas, and the current is driven by a low impedance, high voltage pulse generator. Because of the high initial density, it is not necessary to compress the pinch to reach thermonuclear conditions, and the confinement time required for energy production is much shorter than for a gas. The experimental results, which have been verified by experiments performed at higher current were quite surprising and encouraging. The pinch appeared to be stable for a time much longer than the Alfven radial transit time. In this paper, however, I argue that the pinch is not strictly stable, but it does not appear to disassemble in a catastrophic fashion. It appears that there may be a distinction between stability and confinement in the high density pinch. In the discussion below I will present the status of the high density Z-pinch experiments at laboratories around the world, and I will describe some of the calculational and experimental results. I will confine my remarks to recent work on the high density pinch. 17 refs. 10 figs.
Download or read book High-density Z-pinch Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The linear Z pinch is a plasma configuration which in its simplest form requires no auxiliary magnetic field; an axial current carried by the plasma produces an azimuthal confining field and provides ohmic (resistive) or implosion heating. The Lawson criterion (n tau> 102° m−3s) and high temperatures (T> 10 keV) must be simultaneously satisfied in any reactor scheme. Early Z-pinch experiments concentrated on the sub-atmospheric fill pressure regime, with 1019 m−3 n 1023 m−3 and a corresponding confinement time constraint of 101 s tau 10−4 s. In addition, these studies involved plasmas formed at the surface of an insulating wall; the plasmas were subsequently pinched inward by the radial j x B force. Following the implosion phase, gross MHD instabilities were invariably observed on a time scale short compared to the required confinement time.
Author : Stuart L. Jackson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (768 download)
Download or read book Density Characteristics of a Sheared-flow Z-pinch written by Stuart L. Jackson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Vasilij A. Glukhikh
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081024711
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)
Download or read book Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design written by Vasilij A. Glukhikh and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-05-21 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design is a comprehensive resource on fusion technology and energy systems written by renowned scientists and engineers from the Russian nuclear industry. It brings together a wealth of invaluable experience and knowledge on controlled thermonuclear fusion (CTF) facilities with magnetic plasma confinement – from the first semi-commercial tokamak T-3, to the multi-billion international experimental thermonuclear reactor ITER, now in construction in France. As the INTOR and ITER projects have made an immense contribution in the past few decades, this book focuses on its practical engineering aspects and the basics of technical physics and electrical engineering. Users will gain an understanding of the key ratios between plasma and technical parameters, design streamlining algorithms and engineering solutions. Written by a team of qualified experts who have been involved in the design of thermonuclear reactors for over 50 years Outlines the most important features of the ITER project in France which is building the largest tokamak, including the design, material selection, safety and economic considerations Includes data on how to design magnetic fusion reactors using CAD tools, along with relevant regulatory documents
Author : Kevin Kelly
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 078674703X
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)
Download or read book Out Of Control written by Kevin Kelly and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2009-04-30 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Out of Control chronicles the dawn of a new era in which the machines and systems that drive our economy are so complex and autonomous as to be indistinguishable from living things.
