Attitudes Identification Decisions To Report And Bystander Factors Among College Freshman Regarding Sexual Assault

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Attitudes, Identification, Decisions to Report, and Bystander Factors Among College Freshman Regarding Sexual Assault

Author : Jennifer Hellmuth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Attitudes, Identification, Decisions to Report, and Bystander Factors Among College Freshman Regarding Sexual Assault by : Jennifer Hellmuth

Download or read book Attitudes, Identification, Decisions to Report, and Bystander Factors Among College Freshman Regarding Sexual Assault written by Jennifer Hellmuth and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual assault has increasingly become a large problem on college and university campuses in the United States. Not only is the frequency of the occurrences problematic, but the lack of reporting, the mishandling of cases, and efforts to stop campus sexual assaults have also garnered a large amount of attention. While many research studies have focused on the effectiveness of educational programs aimed to increase awareness, reporting, and prevention of sexual assault among college students, not many studies have examined if students' abilities to identify sexual assaults in contextual situations and their attitudes regarding sexual assault are affected by these programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate if students entered college with attitudes that are supportive of sexual assault, the ability of first-semester college freshman to identify sexual assault within contexts, students' decision to report a perceived sexual assault, the likelihood that students would intervene as a bystander, and demographics related to student attitudes toward, identification of, and decisions to report sexual assaults. Participants in this study were 551 freshmen in their first-semester at Temple University, who were 18 or 19 years of age. Participants completed a survey which consisted of demographic questions, 11 original vignettes depicting potential sexual assault scenarios, the updated Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance (IRMA) scale, and the Type T personality questionnaire. Results revealed that about one-third of students surveyed did not completely disagree with sexual assault-supportive statements on the updated IRMA scale, with the He Didn't Mean To and She Lied attitudes being the most popularly endorsed. Students who endorsed sexual assault-supportive attitudes were significantly more likely to misidentify an instance of sexual assault and to not report a perceived sexual assault in some scenarios. In regards to demographics, males were more likely than females to endorse sexual assault-supportive attitudes, to misidentify sexual assaults, to not report a perceived sexual assault in some scenarios, and they were less likely than females to intervene as a bystander in a sexual assault scenario. Sexuality and ethnic identification had some effect on attitudes endorsed and ethnic identity had an effect on the decision to report a sexual assault in two specific scenarios. In addition, the type of high school students attended and the types of sexual education topics they were educated on prior to college were significantly linked to attitudes endorsed, and the type of high school students attended was significantly linked to identifying instances of sexual assault. The growing issue of campus sexual assault is represented by the amount of students in this study who cannot correctly identify sexual assault situations, by the attitudes that contribute to the occurrences of sexual assault, and by the reasons why students feel sexual assault scenarios should not be reported. The significant relationship between endorsing attitudes and incorrectly identifying sexual assaults, as well as the decision to not report perceived sexual assaults, supports the potentially harmful effects having an attitude that essentially supports sexual assault can have in society. Prevention efforts need to address the root of a problem, which in this case is a culture where sexual assault, largely against women, is excused, dismissed, and subsequently deemed acceptable. Thus, adolescents should be educated and provided with appropriate messaging on topics related to sexual assault well before they enter college.

"I Shouldn't Have to Worry about Being Raped"

Author : Adrienne Baldwin-White
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (118 download)

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Book Synopsis "I Shouldn't Have to Worry about Being Raped" by : Adrienne Baldwin-White

Download or read book "I Shouldn't Have to Worry about Being Raped" written by Adrienne Baldwin-White and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One in five college women report being sexually assaulted (National Sexual Violence Resource Center, 2015) with college being the time when men are more likely to commit a sexual assault (Burgess, 2007). Victimization detracts from their college experience, leading to poor academic performance or less institutional commitment. College women who are victims of sexual assault are also at a higher risk of participating in risky sexual behavior. To reduce the prevalence of sexual assault at universities, it is important to develop effective prevention programs that can target and change attitudes and beliefs that contribute to the continued perpetuation of sexual violence on college campuses. Although there are multiple studies that examine the perspectives of sexual assault among college students, specifically rape myths, the majority of that research is quantitative and does not provide an in depth understanding of their beliefs and the potential factors that contribute to those beliefs. The purpose of this study was to provide an in depth analysis of the attitudes and beliefs about sexual assault among college students. Twenty-five female and 20 male college students participated in semi-structured focus groups or interviews. Open coding was used to gain an understanding of their beliefs concerning sexual assault. Results demonstrated that students possess multiple and often contradictory beliefs about sexual assault and issues that contribute to those beliefs that can be addressed and changed using sexual assault prevention. Three of those broad themes included barriers to talking about sexual assault, social and cultural norms that contribute to sexual assault and how college students communicate their sexual needs and desires, including consent. This research reveals that researchers and advocates do not have a complete understanding of perspectives of sexual assault among college students. Prevention programs may have been developed based on incomplete information and assumptions about what college students believe. Therefore, this study provides information that can be used to develop intervention programs that specifically target the most relevant ideas about sexual assault that are most relevant to the experiences of college students.

The Effect of a Sexual Assault Presentation on Attitudes and Behaviors of College Freshman

Author : Clara E. Schroeder
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (761 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effect of a Sexual Assault Presentation on Attitudes and Behaviors of College Freshman by : Clara E. Schroeder

Download or read book The Effect of a Sexual Assault Presentation on Attitudes and Behaviors of College Freshman written by Clara E. Schroeder and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Campus Sexual Assault (CSA) Study, Final Report - Scholar's Choice Edition

Author : Christopher P Krebs
Publisher : Scholar's Choice
ISBN 13 : 9781298051912
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Campus Sexual Assault (CSA) Study, Final Report - Scholar's Choice Edition by : Christopher P Krebs

Download or read book Campus Sexual Assault (CSA) Study, Final Report - Scholar's Choice Edition written by Christopher P Krebs and published by Scholar's Choice. This book was released on 2015-02-16 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Perspectives on College Sexual Assault

Author : Dr. Roland Maiuro, PhD
Publisher : Springer Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9780826194640
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis Perspectives on College Sexual Assault by : Dr. Roland Maiuro, PhD

Download or read book Perspectives on College Sexual Assault written by Dr. Roland Maiuro, PhD and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2015-11-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of highly acclaimed research articles, published in the peer-reviewed journal Violence and Victims, disseminates state-of-the-art information about sexual violence on campus. It addresses the controversy surrounding statistics on the prevalence of college sexual assault and its tendency to go unreported, as well as contention regarding university policies and response (or lack thereof) by administrators. Articles present research related to victims and perpetrators, predictive factors, efforts to promote awareness, and prevention programming. Expert researchers from such disciplines as psychology, psychiatry, sociology, criminology, counseling, nursing, and social work provide interdisciplinary perspectives with articles addressing gender differences and the role of alcohol use in sexual assault victimization, perceived risk to experience sexual victimization, intimate partner sexual assault and objectification, a bibliotherapy approach to prevention, the role of impulsivity among perpetrators, the role of administrators and bystanders, and many other topics. This research collection about college sexual assault will help to foster greater understanding of this controversial issue, provide a foundation for further research, and promote strategies of awareness and prevention on our college campuses. Key Features: Delivers top-tier research articles by interdisciplinary experts on college sexual assault Includes research on victims, perpetrators, bystanders, and college administration Examines awareness and prevention programs Addresses predictive factors, gender differences, and the role of alcohol use

A Review of the Literature on Sexual Assault Perpetrator Characteristics and Behaviors

Author : Sarah Michal Greathouse
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis A Review of the Literature on Sexual Assault Perpetrator Characteristics and Behaviors by : Sarah Michal Greathouse

Download or read book A Review of the Literature on Sexual Assault Perpetrator Characteristics and Behaviors written by Sarah Michal Greathouse and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Sexual assault continues to be a pervasive problem, both for society in general and within the military community. To assist the Air Force in its continued efforts to combat sexual assault within its ranks, we reviewed the existing empirical literature on the characteristics and behaviors of adult perpetrators who commit sexual assault against other adults. Our search was not limited to studies of military populations. While a vast majority of the existing literature has focused on sole male perpetrators who assault female victims, we identified some research on other types of perpetrators, including female sexual assault perpetrators, men who perpetrate assault against other men, and perpetrators who participate in group sexual assault. This body of research indicates that adult perpetrators are diverse in terms of their demographics, background characteristics, and motivations. Moreover, research indicates that sexual assault perpetration is likely influenced by a combination of factors, including an individual's developmental and family history; his or her personality, including attitudes/cognitions; and environmental factors, including peer attitudes and alcohol consumption. The complexity of factors that influence sexual assault perpetration and the multiple pathways that lead to an attack make it difficult to predict whether an individual is prone to commit sexual assault. While predicting sexual assault perpetration is problematic, we identified a number of factors related to perpetration that may be relevant for intervention efforts and offer recommendations for the Air Force"--Publisher's web site.

Factors Related to College Students' Decisions to Report Sexual Assault

Author : Chelsea Marie Spencer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (972 download)

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Book Synopsis Factors Related to College Students' Decisions to Report Sexual Assault by : Chelsea Marie Spencer

Download or read book Factors Related to College Students' Decisions to Report Sexual Assault written by Chelsea Marie Spencer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual assault is a serious problem on college campuses. The purpose of this study was to examine factors that are associated with sexual assault survivors reporting their assault. The sample included 266 individuals who had experienced a sexual assault since enrolling in their university. A multinomial regression was tested to predict the odds of whether or not the survivor made a formal report of the assault, an informal report to friends or family members, or if the survivor told no one about the assault. The type of assault, the survivor's relationship to the perpetrator, whether or not the survivor was drinking alcohol at the time of the assault, whether or not the survivor received sexual assault training, and the survivor's perception of the overall campus climate were added as predictors of the odds of making a report. The participant's belief that the university would handle the assault appropriately was used as a moderator of those associations. Race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation were used as control variables. It was found that if the survivor had received sexual assault training, if the assault was vaginal or anal sex, and if the survivor had a positive perception of the overall campus climate, they were more likely to formally report the assault. If the perpetrator was an acquaintance, friend, or dating partner, survivors were less likely to formally report the assault. If the survivor was a racial or ethnic minority, they were less likely to formally or informally report the assault. Our findings suggest that there are ways universities can aid in survivors reporting their sexual assault through education, training, and improving the overall campus climate.

The Influence of Normative Feedback and Expectancy Violation on Attitudes Related to Sexual Assault

Author : Stephanie Chastang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (994 download)

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Book Synopsis The Influence of Normative Feedback and Expectancy Violation on Attitudes Related to Sexual Assault by : Stephanie Chastang

Download or read book The Influence of Normative Feedback and Expectancy Violation on Attitudes Related to Sexual Assault written by Stephanie Chastang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Author's abstract: Sexual assault is a complex problem, and there is no set of best practices for sexual assault prevention and education programs. Social norms marketing and expectancy violations, however, have been proposed to be influential factors that may aid in increasing prosocial attitudes related to sexual assault. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of social norm feedback and expectancy violations on attitudes related to sexual assault and bystander intervention. Participants in the study included 244 undergraduate and graduate students who completed an experiment embedded in an online survey. Results indicated that there were no significant effects of expectancy violation or social norm feedback on participants' bystander attitudes, perceptions of peers' bystander attitudes, behavioral intent to help, or acceptance of rape myths. Overall, bystander attitudes were significantly associated with perceptions of peers' bystander attitudes and rape myth acceptance. The results also revealed some unique correlational patterns between bystander attitudes, perceptions of peers' bystander attitudes, and rape myth acceptance within each level of the independent variable. Theoretical and practical implications for these findings are discussed in detail.

Predicting Bystander Attitudes Using Rape Myth Acceptance and Adherence to the Commodity Model of Sex

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (922 download)

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Book Synopsis Predicting Bystander Attitudes Using Rape Myth Acceptance and Adherence to the Commodity Model of Sex by :

Download or read book Predicting Bystander Attitudes Using Rape Myth Acceptance and Adherence to the Commodity Model of Sex written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high rate of sexual assault on college campuses has become a growing concern among college administrators. To combat the prevalence of sexual assault, colleges and universities have begun implementing mandatory bystander intervention training programs, which teach students to look for warning signs indicative of sexual assault and intervene before an assault occurs. Previous research has indicated that an individual's endorsement of rape myths may play a role in whether or not that individual will intervene in a situation that may lead to sexual assault; however, little research has investigated from where beliefs in rape myths might stem. Sex educators have asserted that the cultural conception of sex, best defined as a "commodity model", introduces a narrative surrounding sex that legitimizes and normalizes rape myths.This study sought to quantify adherence to the commodity model of sex through the development of a Commodity Model of Sex Scale, and to identify whether adherence to the commodity model of sex and belief in rape myths could be used to predict participants' attitudes towards intervening in situations that may lead to sexual assault. Results indicated a moderately strong correlation between rape myth acceptance and endorsement of the commodity model of sex, and that rape myth acceptance most strongly predicted bystander attitudes, given the predictors in the model. Implications of this finding for bystander intervention training and sex education curricula are discussed.

After the Crime

Author : Martin S. Greenberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461533341
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis After the Crime by : Martin S. Greenberg

Download or read book After the Crime written by Martin S. Greenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzing the findings of 20 studies, involving more than 5,000 people, this book explores the decision making process of the crime victim in the immediate aftermath of victimization. Using a broad range of innovative research techniques, the authors assess the effects of rape, robbery, burglary, and theft on individuals from diverse nationalities and ethnic backgrounds. This work will be of value to people who work directly with crime victims, and to researchers who are interested in the process of decision making under stressful circumstances.

Reporting Sexual Assault

Author : Kim S. Ménard
Publisher : LFB Scholarly Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Reporting Sexual Assault by : Kim S. Ménard

Download or read book Reporting Sexual Assault written by Kim S. Ménard and published by LFB Scholarly Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation M nard examines the effects of individual and contextual factors on victims' decision to contact the police. She investigated social norms regarding the reporting of criminal events and examined the combined effects of individual and county factors on sexual assault victims' decision to contact the police. At the individual level, the odds of the victim contacting the police were greater when the assault was severe or was committed by a stranger. However, even severe assaults by known offenders were unlikely to be reported. At the county level, indicators traditionally associated with crime reduced the odds of victims contacting the police. In addition, increased gender equality and victim services decreased the odds of rural as compared to urban victims reporting to the police.

Bystander Intervention Among College Student Drinking Gamers

Author : Rena L. Pazienza
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis Bystander Intervention Among College Student Drinking Gamers by : Rena L. Pazienza

Download or read book Bystander Intervention Among College Student Drinking Gamers written by Rena L. Pazienza and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Toward the Next Generation of Bystander Prevention of Sexual and Relationship Violence

Author : Victoria L. Banyard
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319231715
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Toward the Next Generation of Bystander Prevention of Sexual and Relationship Violence by : Victoria L. Banyard

Download or read book Toward the Next Generation of Bystander Prevention of Sexual and Relationship Violence written by Victoria L. Banyard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-03 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This briefs integrates and synthesizes an array of research about who helps others and under what conditions and discusses the implications of this research for a bystander intervention focused prevention agenda to reduce sexual and relationship violence in schools and communities. It combines an examination of bystander helping behavior in the specific context of sexual and relationship violence with social psychological research on bystander behavior outside that context in order to inform prevention efforts. This briefs is designed for researchers, practitioners, and students concerned about violence prevention and who are interesting in bystander intervention as a promising prevention strategy. Connections between research and practice are the foundation of this briefs. The briefs addresses the following questions: What is the promise of a bystander approach to violence prevention? Where does it fit within the spectrum of sexual and relationship violence prevention? How do we expand theoretical models of helping behavior to the unique context of interpersonal violence? How can we bring in research from other areas of health behavior change and developmental research on violence to inform a broader bystander action model? It provides a new synthesis and model of bystander interaction. It outlines a strategic plan for new research and next steps in prevention practices.

Sexual Harassment of Women

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309470870
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Sexual Harassment of Women by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Sexual Harassment of Women written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-09-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades, research, activity, and funding has been devoted to improving the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine. In recent years the diversity of those participating in these fields, particularly the participation of women, has improved and there are significantly more women entering careers and studying science, engineering, and medicine than ever before. However, as women increasingly enter these fields they face biases and barriers and it is not surprising that sexual harassment is one of these barriers. Over thirty years the incidence of sexual harassment in different industries has held steady, yet now more women are in the workforce and in academia, and in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine (as students and faculty) and so more women are experiencing sexual harassment as they work and learn. Over the last several years, revelations of the sexual harassment experienced by women in the workplace and in academic settings have raised urgent questions about the specific impact of this discriminatory behavior on women and the extent to which it is limiting their careers. Sexual Harassment of Women explores the influence of sexual harassment in academia on the career advancement of women in the scientific, technical, and medical workforce. This report reviews the research on the extent to which women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine are victimized by sexual harassment and examines the existing information on the extent to which sexual harassment in academia negatively impacts the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women pursuing scientific, engineering, technical, and medical careers. It also identifies and analyzes the policies, strategies and practices that have been the most successful in preventing and addressing sexual harassment in these settings.

Interactions in Social Settings

Author : Heather Michele Lepper
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Interactions in Social Settings by : Heather Michele Lepper

Download or read book Interactions in Social Settings written by Heather Michele Lepper and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research has linked alcohol to violence and sexual assault, especially within the college student population. Most of this research focuses on the effects of alcohol on victims or perpetrators of sexual assault and not on bystanders of such situations. This study examines how self-reported drinking behavior affects students' ability to recognize risk of sexual assault in written scenarios and the various barriers that would inhibit their willingness to intervene. A sample of 275 students (183 female, 92 male) were asked to read one of three scenarios and respond to a brief questionnaire adapted from Burn's (2009) Barriers to Bystander Intervention Questionnaire. Participants also reported their alcohol consumption and drinking behavior using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Participants who reported riskier levels of drinking behavior were less likely to agree that they could identify risk within the scenarios and that they were less likely to notice this type of scenario. Participants generally had difficulty differentiating situations based on risk. The results suggest that alcohol interferes with college students' ability to notice or identify risk in sexual assault scenarios that can impact intervention and reporting of sexual assault among college students.

Factors Influencing College Students' Attitudes Toward Victims of Rape

Author : Ann Elise Gilbertson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Factors Influencing College Students' Attitudes Toward Victims of Rape by : Ann Elise Gilbertson

Download or read book Factors Influencing College Students' Attitudes Toward Victims of Rape written by Ann Elise Gilbertson and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Effects of Exposure to Consequences of Bystander Intervention on Intentions to Intervene in Intimate Partner Violence Situations

Download The Effects of Exposure to Consequences of Bystander Intervention on Intentions to Intervene in Intimate Partner Violence Situations PDF Online Free

Author : Nicole Ola Cameron
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Exposure to Consequences of Bystander Intervention on Intentions to Intervene in Intimate Partner Violence Situations by : Nicole Ola Cameron

Download or read book The Effects of Exposure to Consequences of Bystander Intervention on Intentions to Intervene in Intimate Partner Violence Situations written by Nicole Ola Cameron and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Widespread acts of violence within romantic relationships have created a worldwide public health epidemic, with approximately one in three women reporting having experienced either physical or sexual violence by their partners in their lifetime. College students also report experiencing high rates of intimate partner violence on college campuses. Previous studies suggest that bystander intervention is extremely effective at reducing campus violence as it promotes a community response to violence. However, ways to increase bystander intervention is needed. Entertainment-education (EE) is one strategy that could prove useful. Despite its proven effectiveness to promote attitude and behavior change, it is unclear how one important mechanism of EE works. EE programs use rewards and punishment of prosocial attitudes and behaviors to increase motivation to adopt those behaviors. However, research is yet to examine the effects on viewers' intentions to intervene in situations of intimate partner violence.