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Atomization Of A Liquid Water Jet In Crossflow At Varying Hot Temperatures For High Speed Engine And Stratospheric Aerosol Injection Applications
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Book Synopsis Atomization of a Liquid Water Jet in Crossflow at Varying Hot Temperatures for High-speed Engine and Stratospheric Aerosol Injection Applications by : Luke Alan Caetano
Download or read book Atomization of a Liquid Water Jet in Crossflow at Varying Hot Temperatures for High-speed Engine and Stratospheric Aerosol Injection Applications written by Luke Alan Caetano and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper aims to study how varying crossflow burning temperatures from 1100 C to 1800 C affect the liquid droplet breakup, size distribution, and atomization of a liquid water jet injected into a vitiated crossflow. The LJIC injection mechanism was implemented using the high-pressure axially staged combustion facility at the University of Central Florida. The measurement devices used to gather particle data from the exhaust plume were the TSI Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS), which measures particles between 0.523 [micrometer] and 20 [micrometer], and the Sensirion SPS30 (SPS30), which measures particles between 0.3 [micrometer] and 10 [micrometer]. Both measurement devices were placed 3 ft away from the choked exit. Table 3 shows that the 1800 C crossflow temperature behaved as predicted by having the largest particle distribution of 67.97% and the largest particle count of 19,301 at 0.523 [micrometer]. The 1100 C crossflow produced the second-largest normalized particle count of 66.69% and raw particle count of 20,209 at 0.523 [micrometer]. This result is contrary to the original hypothesis because it shows that the relationship between temperature and particle count is nonlinear and that many other factors must be at play in the atomization process, such as the droplet distribution at the nano level. The SPS30 was used to compare the particle size distributions between a 1500 C and 1800 C crossflow. Acquiring number concentration data for particles up to 10 [micrometer] in size, the 1800 C crossflow had a distribution peak at 802.76416 N/cm3, and the 1500 C crossflow had a peak of 867.28272 N/cm3. For the 0.5 [micrometer] peak, The 1800 C had a 10 [micrometer] particle size distribution peak at 674.27.76416 N/cm3, and the 1500C crossflow had a peak of 730.501 N/cm3. The decreased number concentration from 1500 C to 1800 C case grants the water particles in the 1800 C crossflow increased surface area, which allows for increased heat exposure from the vitiated crossflow [7]. Despite some nonlinear particle count results, the highest crossflow temperature of 1800 C produces the best atomization results by reducing the total particle count and having the largest collection of particles at the lowest detectable particle size of 0.523 [micrometer].
Book Synopsis Detailed Numerical Simulation of Liquid Jet in Crossflow Atomization with High Density Ratios by : Sina Ghods
Download or read book Detailed Numerical Simulation of Liquid Jet in Crossflow Atomization with High Density Ratios written by Sina Ghods and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The atomization of a liquid jet by a high speed cross-flowing gas has many applications such as gas turbines and augmentors. The mechanisms by which the liquid jet initially breaks up, however, are not well understood. Experimental studies suggest the dependence of spray properties on operating conditions and nozzle geometry. Detailed numerical simulations can offer better understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms that lead to the breakup of the injected liquid jet. In this work, detailed numerical simulation results of turbulent liquid jets injected into turbulent gaseous cross flows for different density ratios is presented. A finite volume, balanced force fractional step flow solver to solve the Navier-Stokes equations is employed and coupled to a Refined Level Set Grid method to follow the phase interface. To enable the simulation of atomization of high density ratio fluids, we ensure discrete consistency between the solution of the conservative momentum equation and the level set based continuity equation by employing the Consistent Rescaled Momentum Transport (CRMT) method. The impact of different inflow jet boundary conditions on different jet properties including jet penetration is analyzed and results are compared to those obtained experimentally by Brown & McDonell(2006). In addition, instability analysis is performed to find the most dominant insta- bility mechanism that causes the liquid jet to breakup. Linear instability analysis is achieved using linear theories for Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin- Helmholtz instabilities and non-linear analysis is performed using our flow solver with different inflow jet boundary conditions.
Book Synopsis Atomization and Dispersion of a Liquid Jet Injected Into a Crossflow of Air by : Jason Edward Seay
Download or read book Atomization and Dispersion of a Liquid Jet Injected Into a Crossflow of Air written by Jason Edward Seay and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Liquid Atomization written by L.P. Bayvel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-22 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the basics of liquid atomization, this book familiarizes readers with the physical processes of liquid atomization, the main types of atomizers and their design, measurements of spray characteristics, experimental investigations of atomizers, and application of atomizers. It demonstrates how to calculate and design atomizers and how to mea
Book Synopsis Atomization and Sprays by : Arthur Lefebvre
Download or read book Atomization and Sprays written by Arthur Lefebvre and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1988-12-01 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomization and Sprays examines the atomization of liquids and characteristics of sprays. It explains the physical processes of atomization as well as guidelines for designing atomizers. In addition, it demonstrates how the importance of the size and velocity of a particle contributes to improved spray characterization. Coverage includes general co
Book Synopsis Liquid Jet in Crossflow at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures by : Amirreza Amighi
Download or read book Liquid Jet in Crossflow at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures written by Amirreza Amighi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atomization and Sprays by : Arthur H. Lefebvre
Download or read book Atomization and Sprays written by Arthur H. Lefebvre and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this long-time bestseller provides a framework for designing and understanding sprays for a wide array of engineering applications. The text contains correlations and design tools that can be easily understood and used in relating the design of atomizers to the resulting spray behavior. Written to be accessible to readers with a modest technical background, the emphasis is on application rather than in-depth theory. Numerous examples are provided to serve as starting points for using the information in the book. Overall, this is a thoroughly updated edition that still retains the practical focus and readability of the original work by Arthur Lefebvre.
Book Synopsis Atomization, Drop Size, and Penetration for Cross-stream Water Injection at High-altitude Reentry Conditions with Application to the RAM C-I and C-III Flights by : Paul B. Gooderum
Download or read book Atomization, Drop Size, and Penetration for Cross-stream Water Injection at High-altitude Reentry Conditions with Application to the RAM C-I and C-III Flights written by Paul B. Gooderum and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomization, drop size, and penetration data are presented for cross stream water injection at conditions simulating high altitude reentry (low Weber number, high static temperature, high Knudsen number, and low static pressure). These results are applied to the RAM C-1 and C-3 flights. Two primary breakup modes are considered, vapor pressure or flashing and aerodynamic atomization. Results are given for breakup boundaries and mean drop size for each of these atomization mechanisms. Both standard and flight orifice geometries are investigated. The data were obtained in both a static environment and in conventional aerodynamic facilities at Mach numbers of 4.5 and 8. The high temperature aspects of reentry were simulated in a Mach 5.5 cyanogen-oxygen tunnel with total temperature of 4500 K.
Book Synopsis Liquid Jet in Oscillating Crossflow by : Arvindh R. Sharma
Download or read book Liquid Jet in Oscillating Crossflow written by Arvindh R. Sharma and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation of response characteristics of a liquid jet in oscillating crossflow is undertaken to understand the behavior of a liquid fuel spray in the presence of combustion instabilities. The effect of crossflow oscillations on the liquid jet is studied in the near-field (within x/d[approximately equal]8) and the far-field (x/d[approximately equal]50) spray region. Experiments are conducted in bag breakup, multimode and shear breakup regimes by varying crossflow Weber number from 18 to 250, while momentum flux ratio is varied between 10 and 30. The crossflow is modulated in the frequency range of 90 Hz to 450 Hz, with modulation level varying between 5% and 20%, using a mechanical modulating device. High speed shadowgraph is employed to study the near-field and far-field spray movement while intensified high-speed camera images of laser Mie-scattering intensity are utilized in studying the spray cross-section in the far-field. A technique to extract time-varying momentum flux ratio from the windward trajectory of liquid jet in the near-field is developed. The response of near-field spray is quantified in terms of a ratio of the observed momentum flux ratio extracted from a correlation of upper penetration to the expected momentum flux ratio corresponding to the instantaneous crossflow velocity. The liquid jet penetration is found to respond to oscillations in the crossflow at all oscillation frequencies in the near-field. The strength of the response is found to be mainly dependent on the crossflow oscillation frequency, with the strength of response decreasing with increase in frequency. The momentum flux ratio and the modulation level are found to have relatively negligible effects on the level of normalized spray response. The spray response in the far-field is studied by observing the high-speed shadowgraphs and Mie-scattering intensity images at an axial distance of x/d=50. The spray field in the axial location is divided into ten bins and the intensity change in each bin is analyzed to quantify spray response. The spray is found to respond to crossflow oscillations by exhibiting a "flapping" behavior in the far-field. The binning method and Mie-scattering intensity image analysis suggest that the spray oscillation decreases with increasing crossflow frequency. The spray width and height fluctuate in the spray cross-section in the presence of crossflow oscillation. The amplitude of spray height fluctuation is higher in low frequency crossflow, and decreases with an increase in frequency. The total Mie-scattering intensity in the cross-section also exhibits a periodic response to crossflow oscillation, suggesting that the droplet characteristics are affected by crossflow fluctuation. The liquid spray near-field and far-field study indicates that the crossflow oscillation frequency plays a large role in determining spray response.
Book Synopsis Liquid Jets Injected Into Non-uniform Crossflow by : Samir B. Tambe
Download or read book Liquid Jets Injected Into Non-uniform Crossflow written by Samir B. Tambe and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental study has been conducted with liquid jets injected transversely into a crossflow to study the effect of non-uniformities in the crossflow velocity distribution to the jet behavior. Two different non-uniform crossflows were created during this work, a shear-laden crossflow and a swirling crossflow. The shear-laden crossflow was generated by merging two independent, co-directional, parallel airstreams creating a shear mixing layer at the interface between them. The crossflow exhibited a quasi-linear velocity gradient across the height of the test chamber. By varying the velocities of the two airstreams, the sense and the slope of the crossflow velocity gradient could be changed. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) studies were conducted to characterize the crossflow. The parameter, UR, is defined as the ratio of the velocities of the two streams and governs the velocity gradient. A positive velocity gradient was observed for UR> 1 and a negative velocity gradient for UR 1. PIV and Phase Doppler Particle Anemometry (PDPA) studies were conducted to study the penetration and atomization of 0.5 mm diameter water jets injected into this crossflow. The crossflow velocity gradient was observed to have a significant effect on jet penetration as well as the post breakup spray. For high UR ( 1), jet penetration increased and the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) distribution became more uniform. For low UR (
Author :Christopher Michael Varga Publisher :Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International ISBN 13 : Total Pages :432 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis Atomization of a Small-diameter Liquid Jet by a High-speed Gas Stream by : Christopher Michael Varga
Download or read book Atomization of a Small-diameter Liquid Jet by a High-speed Gas Stream written by Christopher Michael Varga and published by Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International. This book was released on 2002 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental and Numerical Study of Liquid Jets in Crossflow by : Alireza Mashayek
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Study of Liquid Jets in Crossflow written by Alireza Mashayek and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental and numerical study of the injection of liquid jets in subsonic gaseous crossflows was conducted. The focus of the study was on spatial size distributions of this type of atomization in different flow conditions. An experimental setup was developed to characterize the spray in conditions similar to real applications. The test chamber developed enabled the use of various spray characterization techniques by providing optical access from four sides of the spray. This allowed for size and velocity measurements of the spray using various laser diagnostic techniques such as PDPA, IPI and PIV. Also, a model was developed to predict the size distribution of the spray downstream of the nozzle. This model is based on combining both theoretical calculation of a jet in crossflow and a modified KIVA3 numerical code.
Book Synopsis Fluctuations in a Spray Formed by Two Impinging Jets by : Marcus F. Heidmann
Download or read book Fluctuations in a Spray Formed by Two Impinging Jets written by Marcus F. Heidmann and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation of two impinging jets of water showed that the liquid sheet formed on impingement disintegrates intermittently, forming groups of drops, which appear as waves propagating from the point of impingement. The frequency of wave occurrence was determined and the variation in frequency with jet velocity, impingement angle, jet diameter, and jet length was measured. The frequency varied between 1000 and 4000 cycles per second for the test conditions used. Photographs of spray pattern are presented.
Book Synopsis Contribution to the Theory of Jet Atomization by : György Sitkei
Download or read book Contribution to the Theory of Jet Atomization written by György Sitkei and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atomization and Sprays written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effervescent Atomization of Suspensions in a Gaseous Cross Flow by : Amr Abdelaziz Mostafa Saleh
Download or read book Effervescent Atomization of Suspensions in a Gaseous Cross Flow written by Amr Abdelaziz Mostafa Saleh and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomization of liquids (pure liquids and suspensions) plays an important role in numerous industrial fields and applications. One of the main important applications is in thermal spraying processes which is the primary motivation for this study. The main trend in thermal spray processes is to coat with sub-micron and nano sized particles due to the superior performance of fine microstructured coatings. Recently, thermal spraying processes are using the suspension spraying technique. The breakup of a suspension in the atomization process differs from that of a pure liquid by the influence of the suspended particles on the fragmentation kinetics. In suspension spraying process, different types of atomizers are used but clogging problems can occur due to the suspension properties. Effervescent atomizers have shown to be a good alternative to the conventional atomizers to solve clogging issue when liquids with large variety of viscosity and density such as suspensions are atomized.In this study, effervescent atomization of suspensions in a crossflow of air is investigated experimentally. The tests have been performed at different liquid-to-gas momentum flux ratios (q) and different gas to liquid ratios (GLR). Hydrophilic and hydrophobic particles are used in the experiments. Shadowgraphy and image processing have been used in order to capture the penetration height of the spray. New correlations have been developed to predict the spray penetration height of suspensions in case the non-aerated liquid jet (GLR= 0) and for the aerated liquid jet (GLR ≠ 0).Moreover, suspensions properties such as viscosity and surface tension have a crucial effect on the atomization process. Because the atomization process and droplet formation occur in a very short timescale of the order of milliseconds, it is necessary to analyze the rapid change of the affecting suspension properties related to this timescale especially surface tension. Therefore, the time changing (dynamic) surface tension is more appropriate to be analyzed than static surface tension. In this work, the dynamic surface tension of suspensions is investigated using a combined analytical and experimental approach based on the physics governing the oscillation of elliptical jets. The dynamic surface tension of suspensions liquids in the timescale of milliseconds is calculated. The effect of the dynamic surface tension of suspension on its atomization process has been analyzed.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Atomization and Sprays by : Nasser Ashgriz
Download or read book Handbook of Atomization and Sprays written by Nasser Ashgriz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-18 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomization and sprays are used in a wide range of industries: mechanical, chemical, aerospace, and civil engineering; material science and metallurgy; food; pharmaceutical, forestry, environmental protection; medicine; agriculture; meteorology and others. Some specific applications are spray combustion in furnaces, gas turbines and rockets, spray drying and cooling, air conditioning, powdered metallurgy, spray painting and coating, inhalation therapy, and many others. The Handbook of Atomization and Sprays will bring together the fundamental and applied material from all fields into one comprehensive source. Subject areas included in the reference are droplets, theoretical models and numerical simulations, phase Doppler particle analysis, applications, devices and more.
