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Astrocytes Ca2 Signaling In The Modulation Of Neural Networks Excitability And Synaptic Transmissions
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Book Synopsis Astrocytes Ca2+ Signaling in the Modulation of Neural Networks Excitability and Synaptic Transmissions by : Wannan Tang
Download or read book Astrocytes Ca2+ Signaling in the Modulation of Neural Networks Excitability and Synaptic Transmissions written by Wannan Tang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-05-04 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Astrocytes in (Patho)Physiology of the Nervous System by : Vladimir Parpura
Download or read book Astrocytes in (Patho)Physiology of the Nervous System written by Vladimir Parpura and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-11 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astrocytes were the original neuroglia that Ramón y Cajal visualized in 1913 using a gold sublimate stain. This stain targeted intermediate filaments that we now know consist mainly of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a protein used today as an astrocytic marker. Cajal described the morphological diversity of these cells with some ast- cytes surrounding neurons, while the others are intimately associated with vasculature. We start the book by discussing the heterogeneity of astrocytes using contemporary tools and by calling into question the assumption by classical neuroscience that neurons and glia are derived from distinct pools of progenitor cells. Astrocytes have long been neglected as active participants in intercellular communication and information processing in the central nervous system, in part due to their lack of electrical excitability. The follow up chapters review the “nuts and bolts” of ast- cytic physiology; astrocytes possess a diverse assortment of ion channels, neu- transmitter receptors, and transport mechanisms that enable the astrocytes to respond to many of the same signals that act on neurons. Since astrocytes can detect chemical transmitters that are released from neurons and can release their own extracellular signals there is an increasing awareness that they play physiological roles in regulating neuronal activity and synaptic transmission. In addition to these physiological roles, it is becoming increasingly recognized that astrocytes play critical roles during pathophysiological states of the nervous system; these states include gliomas, Alexander disease, and epilepsy to mention a few.
Book Synopsis The Tripartite Synapse by : Andrea Volterra
Download or read book The Tripartite Synapse written by Andrea Volterra and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying CD-ROM contains ... "additional images, movies, and animated sequences." -- p. [4] of cover.
Book Synopsis Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology by : Alexei Verkhratsky
Download or read book Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology written by Alexei Verkhratsky and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-31 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology provides a comprehensive, advanced text on the biology and pathology of glial cells. Coverae includes: the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous systems the cellular physiology of the different kinds of glial cells the mechanisms of intra- and inter-cellular signalling in glial networks the mechanisms of glial-neuronal communications the role of glial cells in synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival and development of nervous system the cellular and molecular mechanisms of metabolic neuronal-glial interactions the role of glia in nervous system pathology, including pathology of glial cells and associated diseases - for example, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Alexander disease and Parkinson's Neuroglia oversee the birth and development of neurones, the establishment of interneuronal connections (the 'connectome'), the maintenance and removal of these inter-neuronal connections, writing of the nervous system components, adult neurogenesis, the energetics of nervous tissue, metabolism of neurotransmitters, regulation of ion composition of the interstitial space and many, many more homeostatic functions. This book primes the reader towards the notion that nervous tissue is not divided into more important and less important cells. The nervous tissue functions because of the coherent and concerted action of many different cell types, each contributing to an ultimate output. This reaches its zenith in humans, with the creation of thoughts, underlying acquisition of knowledge, its analysis and synthesis, and contemplating the Universe and our place in it. An up-to-date and fully referenced text on the most numerous cells in the human brain Detailed coverage of the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous system Describes the role og glial cells in neuropathology Focus boxes highlight key points and summarise important facts Companion website with downloadable figures and slides
Book Synopsis Experimental Neurochemistry by : Abel Lajtha
Download or read book Experimental Neurochemistry written by Abel Lajtha and published by Springer. This book was released on 1982-12-01 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second volume of the Handbook does not parallel any volume of the first edition; it is one more sign, or reflection, of the expansion of the field. By emphasizing the experimental approach, it illustrates the tools that have re cently become available for investigating the nervous system. Also, perhaps even more than other volumes, it illustrates the multidisciplinary nature of the field, requiring multidisciplinary methodology. It is now recognized that the availability of methodology is often the rate-limiting determinant of studies and that improvements or innovations in instrumentation can open up new avenues. A new improved method, although opening up new possibilities and being crucial to making advances, is only a tool whose use will determine its use fulness. If we do not recognize its possibilities, its use will be limited; if we do not recognize its limitations, it will mislead us. It is the possibilities and limitations and the results obtained that are illustrated here.
Book Synopsis Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies by : Jeffrey L. Noebels
Download or read book Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies written by Jeffrey L. Noebels and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 1258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jasper's Basic Mechanisms, Fourth Edition, is the newest most ambitious and now clinically relevant publishing project to build on the four-decade legacy of the Jasper's series. In keeping with the original goal of searching for "a better understanding of the epilepsies and rational methods of prevention and treatment.", the book represents an encyclopedic compendium neurobiological mechanisms of seizures, epileptogenesis, epilepsy genetics and comordid conditions. Of practical importance to the clinician, and new to this edition are disease mechanisms of genetic epilepsies and therapeutic approaches, ranging from novel antiepileptic drug targets to cell and gene therapies.
Book Synopsis Artificial Neural Networks in Real-life Applications by : Juan Ramon Rabunal
Download or read book Artificial Neural Networks in Real-life Applications written by Juan Ramon Rabunal and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book offers an outlook of the most recent works at the field of the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), including theoretical developments and applications of systems using intelligent characteristics for adaptability"--Provided by publisher.
Book Synopsis Biophysically based Computational Models of Astrocyte ~ Neuron Coupling and their Functional Significance by : John Wade
Download or read book Biophysically based Computational Models of Astrocyte ~ Neuron Coupling and their Functional Significance written by John Wade and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-03-21 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroscientists are increasingly becoming more interested in modelling brain functions where capturing the biophysical mechanisms underpinning these functions requires plausible models at the level of neuron cells. However, cell level models are still very much in the embryo stage and therefore there is a need to advance the level of biological realism at the level of neurons/synapses. Recent publications have highlighted that astrocytes continually exchange information with multiple synapses; if we are to fully appreciate this dynamic and coordinated interplay between these cells then more research on bidirectional signalling between astrocytes and neurons is required. A better understanding of astrocyte-neuron cell coupling would provide the building block for studying the regulatory capability of astrocytes networks on a large scale. For example, it is believed that local and global signalling via astrocytes underpins brain functions like synchrony, learning, memory and self repair. This Research Topic aims to report on current research work which focuses on understanding and modelling the interaction between astrocytes and neurons at the cellular level (Bottom up) and at network level (Top down). Understanding astrocytic regulation of neural activity is crucial if we are to capture how information is represented and processed across large neuronal ensembles in humans.
Book Synopsis Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-08-05 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glutamate is the most pervasive neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite this fact, no validated biological markers, or biomarkers, currently exist for measuring glutamate pathology in CNS disorders or injuries. Glutamate dysfunction has been associated with an extensive range of nervous system diseases and disorders. Problems with how the neurotransmitter glutamate functions in the brain have been linked to a wide variety of disorders, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, substance abuse, and traumatic brain injury. These conditions are widespread, affecting a large portion of the United States population, and remain difficult to treat. Efforts to understand, treat, and prevent glutamate-related disorders can be aided by the identification of valid biomarkers. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders held a workshop on June 21-22, 2010, to explore ways to accelerate the development, validation, and implementation of such biomarkers. Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System: Workshop Summary investigates promising current and emerging technologies, and outlines strategies to procure resources and tools to advance drug development for associated nervous system disorders. Moreover, this report highlights presentations by expert panelists, and the open panel discussions that occurred during the workshop.
Book Synopsis Glial Plasticity in Depression by : João F. Oliveira
Download or read book Glial Plasticity in Depression written by João F. Oliveira and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-10-24 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major depression is a highly prevalent disorder that poses a significant social burden in society nowadays. The pathophysiology of this disease is still poorly understood but growing evidence suggests that impaired neuron and glial plasticity may be a key underlying mechanism for the precipitation of the disorder. One of the most surprising findings in this field was the involvement of glial cells in the pathophysiology of major depression and in the action of antidepressants, namely in mechanisms related with adult neurogenesis imbalances or dendritic arborization impairments. In particular, several works refer to alterations in the morphology and numbers of astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes in the context of depression in human patients or animal models of depression. These observations were linked to functional evidences and suggested to underlie the pathophysiology of depression. Among others, these include impairments in the cross-talk between glia and neurons, changes in the level of neurotransmitter or immunoactive substances, myelination status, synapse formation, maintenance, or elimination. In addition to the implication of glia in the pathophysiology of depression, a number of studies is ascribing glia pathways to classically accepted antidepressant mechanisms. Therefore, it is noteworthy to elucidate the role of glia in the effect provided by antidepressant treatment in order to better understand secondary effects and elucidate alternative targets for treatment.
Book Synopsis Synaptic Function by : Neurosciences Institute (New York, N.Y.)
Download or read book Synaptic Function written by Neurosciences Institute (New York, N.Y.) and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1987 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of five sections. The first section details methods for analyzing both presynaptic and postsynaptic function and emphasizes the molecular aspects of synapses. It describes ongoing studies of neurotransmitter release, voltage- sensitive ion channels, and electronic transmission at gap junctions. The second section focuses on the growing menagerie of neurotransmitters: their catagorization into chemical families, their relation to ion channels, their modulation by second messenger systems and their role in pharmacologic action. The third section considers the important relationship of transmitter diversity and synaptic types to the behavior of actual cellular networks. All of the studies described in these sections point to the necessity of considering interactions between anatomy, chemistry, physiology and pharmacology if synaptic function is to be understood at any one of these levels of analysis.
Book Synopsis Endocannabinoid Signaling by : Mauro Maccarrone
Download or read book Endocannabinoid Signaling written by Mauro Maccarrone and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-06-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume encompasses all major methodologies to interrogate endocannabinoid systems (ECS) and endocannabinoids (eCBs) signaling. With increasing interest towards the manifold activities of eCBs, this book discusses the chemical, biochemical, and molecular biological assays, and activity of distinct elements of the ECS. These include membrane, nuclear receptors, biosynthetic and hydrolytic enzymes, and membrane transporters and oxidative enzymes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Timely and cutting edge, Endocannabinoid Signaling: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource and will help chemists, drug designers, biochemists, molecular biologists, cell biologists, pharmacologists, and (electro) physiologists navigate the mare magnum of endocannabinoid research.
Book Synopsis Neural Information Processing by : Sabri Arik
Download or read book Neural Information Processing written by Sabri Arik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-08 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The four volume set LNCS 9489, LNCS 9490, LNCS 9491, and LNCS 9492 constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Neural Information Processing, ICONIP 2015, held in Istanbul, Turkey, in November 2015. The 231 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 375 submissions. The 4 volumes represent topical sections containing articles on Learning Algorithms and Classification Systems; Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks: Theory, Design, and Applications; Image and Signal Processing; and Intelligent Social Networks.
Book Synopsis Enteric Glia by : Brian D. Gulbransen
Download or read book Enteric Glia written by Brian D. Gulbransen and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography
Book Synopsis Gap Junction Channels and Hemichannels by : Taylor & Francis Group
Download or read book Gap Junction Channels and Hemichannels written by Taylor & Francis Group and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-03-30 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gap junction channels are a group of intercellular channels expressed in tissues and organs to synchronize many physiological processes. A gap junction channel is formed by the docking of two hemichannels, and each hemichannel is a hexamer of connexins. The field of gap junction channel and hemichannel research has recently exploded and became one of the most active areas of cell biology. Numerous novel approaches and techniques have been developed, but there is no single book dedicated to the unique techniques and protocols employed for the research on these large pore channels. This book fills the gap and focuses on protocols, approaches and reviews of gap junction channels and connexin hemichannels. It will be a useful reference for graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and researchers. Anyone with an interest in gap junction channels and hemichannels will need this summary of state-of-the-art techniques and protocols.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Human Physiology by : Rainer Greger
Download or read book Comprehensive Human Physiology written by Rainer Greger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 2478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Human Physiology is a significantly important publication on physiology, presenting state-of-the-art knowledge about both the molecular mechanisms and the integrative regulation of body functions. This is the first time that such a broad range of perspectives on physiology have been combined to provide a unified overview of the field. This groundbreaking two-volume set reveals human physiology to be a highly dynamic science rooted in the ever-continuing process of learning more about life. Each chapter contains a wealth of original data, clear illustrations, and extensive references, making this a valuable and easy-to-use reference. This is the quintessential reference work in the fields of physiology and pathophysiology, essential reading for researchers, lecturers and advanced students.
Book Synopsis The Role of Glia in Plasticity and Behavior by : Vladimir Parpura
Download or read book The Role of Glia in Plasticity and Behavior written by Vladimir Parpura and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-01-06 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glial cells are no longer considered passive bystanders in neuronal brain circuits. Not only are they required for housekeeping and brain metabolism, they are active participants in regulating the physiological function and plasticity of brain circuits and the online control of behavior both in invertebrate and vertebrate model systems. In invertebrates, glial cells are essential for normal function of sensory organs (C. elegans) and necessary for the circadian regulation of locomotor activity (D. melanogaster). In the mamallian brain, astrocytes are implicated in the regulation of cortical brain rhythms and sleep homeostasis. Disruption of AMPA receptor function in a subset of glial cell types in mice shows behavioral deficits. Furthermore, genetic disruption of glial cell function can directly control behavioral output. Regulation of ionic gradients by glia can underlie bistability of neurons and can modulate the fidelity of synaptic transmission. Grafting of human glial progenitor cells in mouse forebrain results in human glial chimeric mice with enhanced plasticity and improved behavioral performance, suggesting that astrocytes have evolved to cope with information processing in more complex brains. Taken together, current evidence is strongly suggestive that glial cells are essential contributors to information processing in the brain. This Research Topic compiles recent research that shows how the molecular mechanisms underlying glial cell function can be dissected, reviews their impact on plasticity and behavior across species and presents novel approaches to further probe their function.
