Parenting Matters

Download Parenting Matters PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309388570
Total Pages : 525 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Parenting Matters by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Parenting Matters written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.

Authoritative Parenting

Download Authoritative Parenting PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Amer Psychological Assn
ISBN 13 : 9781433812408
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (124 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Authoritative Parenting by : Robert E. Larzelere

Download or read book Authoritative Parenting written by Robert E. Larzelere and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 2013 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychologist Diana Baumrind's revolutionary prototype of parenting, called authoritative parenting, combines the best of various parenting styles. In contrast to previously advocated styles involving high responsiveness and low demandingness (i.e., permissive parenting) or low responsiveness and high demandingness (i.e., authoritarian parenting), authoritative parenting involves high levels of both responsiveness and demandingness. The result is an appropriate mix of warm nurturance and firm discipline. Decades of research have supported the prototype, and we now know that authoritative parenting fosters high achievement, emotional adjustment, self-reliance, and social confidence in children and adolescents. In this book, leading scholars update our thinking about authoritative parenting and address three unresolved issues: mechanisms of the style's effectiveness, variations of effectiveness across cultures, and untangling how parents influence children from how children influence them. By integrating perspectives from developmental and clinical psychology, the book will inform prevention and intervention efforts to help parents maximise their children's potential.

Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children

Download Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309121787
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-10-28 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depression is a widespread condition affecting approximately 7.5 million parents in the U.S. each year and may be putting at least 15 million children at risk for adverse health outcomes. Based on evidentiary studies, major depression in either parent can interfere with parenting quality and increase the risk of children developing mental, behavioral and social problems. Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children highlights disparities in the prevalence, identification, treatment, and prevention of parental depression among different sociodemographic populations. It also outlines strategies for effective intervention and identifies the need for a more interdisciplinary approach that takes biological, psychological, behavioral, interpersonal, and social contexts into consideration. A major challenge to the effective management of parental depression is developing a treatment and prevention strategy that can be introduced within a two-generation framework, conducive for parents and their children. Thus far, both the federal and state response to the problem has been fragmented, poorly funded, and lacking proper oversight. This study examines options for widespread implementation of best practices as well as strategies that can be effective in diverse service settings for diverse populations of children and their families. The delivery of adequate screening and successful detection and treatment of a depressive illness and prevention of its effects on parenting and the health of children is a formidable challenge to modern health care systems. This study offers seven solid recommendations designed to increase awareness about and remove barriers to care for both the depressed adult and prevention of effects in the child. The report will be of particular interest to federal health officers, mental and behavioral health providers in diverse parts of health care delivery systems, health policy staff, state legislators, and the general public.

Parenting Across Cultures

Download Parenting Across Cultures PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400775032
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Parenting Across Cultures by : Helaine Selin

Download or read book Parenting Across Cultures written by Helaine Selin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a strong connection between culture and parenting. What is acceptable in one culture is frowned upon in another. This applies to behavior after birth, encouragement in early childhood, and regulation and freedom during adolescence. There are differences in affection and distance, harshness and repression, and acceptance and criticism. Some parents insist on obedience; others are concerned with individual development. This clearly differs from parent to parent, but there is just as clearly a connection to culture. This book includes chapters on China, Colombia, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Thailand, Korea, Vietnam, Brazil, Native Americans and Australians, Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Ecuador, Cuba, Pakistan, Nigeria, Morocco, and several other countries. Beside this, the authors address depression, academic achievement, behavior, adolescent identity, abusive parenting, grandparents as parents, fatherhood, parental agreement and disagreement, emotional availability and stepparents.​

The International Journal of Indian Psychology, Volume 4, Issue 1, (No. 79)

Download The International Journal of Indian Psychology, Volume 4, Issue 1, (No. 79) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : RED'SHINE Publication. Inc
ISBN 13 : 1365567451
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (655 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The International Journal of Indian Psychology, Volume 4, Issue 1, (No. 79) by : IJIP.In

Download or read book The International Journal of Indian Psychology, Volume 4, Issue 1, (No. 79) written by IJIP.In and published by RED'SHINE Publication. Inc. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Clinical Assessment of Child and Adolescent Personality and Behavior

Download Clinical Assessment of Child and Adolescent Personality and Behavior PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030356957
Total Pages : 443 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Assessment of Child and Adolescent Personality and Behavior by : Paul J. Frick

Download or read book Clinical Assessment of Child and Adolescent Personality and Behavior written by Paul J. Frick and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-11 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth edition of this textbook offers a scientific and practical context within which to understand and conduct clinical assessments of children’s and adolescent’s personality and behavior. The new edition ensures that the content is relevant to diagnostic criteria for major forms of child and adolescent psychopathology in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). It provides updated information on specific tests and discusses advances in research that have occurred since the last edition that are relevant for assessing the most common forms of psychopathology shown by children and adolescents. The volume is unique in providing both the scientific and ethical basis to guide psychological testing, as well as providing practical advice for using specific tests and assessing specific forms of psychopathology. This new edition: Highlights how current trends in psychological classification, such as the DSM-5 and the Research Domain Criteria, should influence the clinical assessment of children and adolescents. Provides updates to professional standards that should guide test users. Discusses practical considerations in planning and conducting clinical assessments. Evaluates the most recent editions of common tests used in the clinical assessment of child and adolescent personality and behavior. Provides an overview of how to screen for early signs of emotional and behavioral risk for mental problems in children and adolescents. Discusses practical methods for integrating assessment information collecting as part of a clinical assessment. Uses current research to guide clinical assessments of children with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, conduct problems, depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorder. Clinical Assessment of Child and Adolescent Personality and Behavior is a valuable updated resource for graduate students as well as veteran and beginning clinicians across disciplines, including school, clinical child, developmental, and educational psychology; psychiatry; counseling; and social work; as well as related disciplines that provide mental health and educational services to children and adolescents.

Psychiatry

Download Psychiatry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118753364
Total Pages : 2765 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (187 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Psychiatry by : Allan Tasman

Download or read book Psychiatry written by Allan Tasman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-05 with total page 2765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in a new Fourth Edition, Psychiatry remains the leading reference on all aspects of the current practice and latest developments in psychiatry. From an international team of recognised expert editors and contributors, Psychiatry provides a truly comprehensive overview of the entire field of psychiatry in 132 chapters across two volumes. It includes two new sections, on psychosomatic medicine and collaborative care, and on emergency psychiatry, and compares Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD10) classifications for every psychiatric disorder. Psychiatry, Fourth Edition is an essential reference for psychiatrists in clinical practice and clinical research, residents in training, and for all those involved in the treatment psychiatric disorders. Includes a a companion website at www.tasmanpsychiatry.com featuring PDFs of each chapter and downloadable images

Parenting

Download Parenting PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535138170
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Parenting by : Loredana Benedetto

Download or read book Parenting written by Loredana Benedetto and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through parenting, adults raise their children and introduce them into the belonging community. Parents are active determinants of their children’s well-being, but children themselves are too. The volume focuses on some relevant theoretical issues related to children’s and adolescent adjustments, adult maternal and paternal behaviors, and their self-efficacy beliefs and competence interacting with children’s characteristics. The volume also presents evidence-based treatments involving parents as key components of the intervention strategies for childhood internalizing/externalizing disorders. Parent behaviors produce changes and consequences in the child’s emotive-behavioral adjustment; thus, a modification of the parenting style may be an effective way to help children and to ameliorate the family climate. Practitioners interested in parenting will find in the updated studies here reviewed new suggestions for preventive family interventions.

Self-Regulation in Adolescence

Download Self-Regulation in Adolescence PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316368343
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (163 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Self-Regulation in Adolescence by : Gabriele Oettingen

Download or read book Self-Regulation in Adolescence written by Gabriele Oettingen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-25 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the transition from childhood to adulthood, adolescents face a unique set of challenges that accompany increased independence and responsibility. This volume combines cutting-edge research in the field of adolescence and the field of motivation and self-regulation to shed new light on these challenges and the self-regulation tools that could most effectively address them. Leading scholars discuss general principles of the adolescent period across a wide variety of areas, including interpersonal relationships, health and achievement. Their interdisciplinary approach covers perspectives from history, anthropology and primatology, as well as numerous subdisciplines of psychology - developmental, educational, social, clinical, motivational, cognitive and neuropsychological. Self-Regulation in Adolescence stresses practical applications, making it a valuable resource not only for scholars, but also for adolescents and their family members, teachers, social workers and health professionals who seek to support them. It presents useful strategies that adolescents can adopt themselves and raises important questions for future research.

Attachment in Adulthood

Download Attachment in Adulthood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Guilford Publications
ISBN 13 : 1462525563
Total Pages : 705 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (625 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Attachment in Adulthood by : Mario Mikulincer

Download or read book Attachment in Adulthood written by Mario Mikulincer and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesizing a vast body of empirical research and organizing it around a comprehensive conceptual model, this book is recognized as the definitive reference on adult attachment. The authors explain how what began as a theory of child development is now used to conceptualize and study nearly all aspects of social functioning across the lifespan, including mental representations of self and others, emotion regulation, personal goals and strivings, couple relationships, caregiving, sexuality, psychopathology, psychotherapy, and organizational behavior. The origins and measurement of individual differences in adult attachment are examined, as is the question of whether and how attachment patterns can change. New to This Edition: *Reflects major advances, including hundreds of new studies. *Clarifies and extends the authors' influential model of attachment-system functioning. *Cutting-edge content on genetics and on the neural and hormonal substrates of attachment. *Increased attention to the interplay among attachment and other behavioral systems, such as caregiving and sexuality. *Expanded discussion of attachment processes in counseling and psychotherapy. *Additional coverage of leadership, group dynamics, and religion.

Attachment in Adulthood, Second Edition

Download Attachment in Adulthood, Second Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Guilford Publications
ISBN 13 : 1462533817
Total Pages : 705 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (625 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Attachment in Adulthood, Second Edition by : Mario Mikulincer

Download or read book Attachment in Adulthood, Second Edition written by Mario Mikulincer and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume shows how attachment theory, which initially focused on child development, is now being used to elucidate social functioning across the lifespan.

The Warmth Dimension

Download The Warmth Dimension PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications, Incorporated
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Warmth Dimension by : Ronald P. Rohner

Download or read book The Warmth Dimension written by Ronald P. Rohner and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1986-09 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rohner breaks new ground by offering a theoretical foundation for the problem of child abuse. Drawing on data from several societies, both industrialized and non-industrialized, he studies the effects of parental rejection on children within the framework of his Parental Acceptance/Rejection Theory. Moreover, he offers insights into the conditions enabling individuals to break the cycle of abuse.

The Psychology of Parental Control

Download The Psychology of Parental Control PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135659834
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Psychology of Parental Control by : Wendy S. Grolnick

Download or read book The Psychology of Parental Control written by Wendy S. Grolnick and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2002-12-18 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is parental control? Is it positive or negative for children? What makes parents controlling with their children, even when they value supporting children's autonomy? Are there alternatives to control and how might we apply them in important domains of children's lives, such as school and sports? This book addresses these and other questions about the meaning and predictors of parental control, as well as its consequences for children's adjustment and well-being. While the topic of parental control is not new, there has been controversy about the concept, with some researchers and clinicians weighing in on the side of control and others against it. This book argues that part of the controversy stems from different uses of the term, with some investigators focusing more on parents being in control and others on controlling children. Using a definition of control as "pressure for children to think, feel, or behave in specific ways," the author explores research on parental control, arguing that there is more consensus than previously thought. Using this research base, the author provides evidence that parental control can be subtle and can lurk within many "positive" parenting approaches; parental control undermines the very behaviors we wish to inculcate in our children; providing autonomy support--the opposite of control--is a challenge, even when parents are committed to doing so. With controversy in the literature about parental control and attention in the media on the ways in which parents step over the control line (e.g., screaming on the soccer sidelines, pressuring children in academics), this book is especially timely. It provides an empathic view of how easily parents can become trapped in controlling styles by emphasizing performance and hooking their own self-esteem on children's performance. Examples of how this can happen in academic, sporting, and peer situations with their emphasis on competition and hierarchy are provided, as well as strategies for parenting in highly involved but autonomy supportive ways. A highly readable yet research-based treatment of the topic of parental control, this book: *explores the controversial topic of parental control; addresses controversy about the positive and negative effects of parental control; and disentangles various parenting concepts, such as involvement, structure, and control; *illustrates how control can be overt, such as in the use of corporal punishment or covert, as in the use of controlling praise; *provides evidence that control may produce compliance in children preventing them from initiating and taking responsibility for their own behavior; *explores why parents are controlling with their children, including environmental and economic stresses and strains, characteristics of children that "pull" for control, and factors in parents' own psychologies that lead them to be "hooked" on children's performance; and *provides examples of control in the areas of academics and sports--the hierarchical and competitive nature of these domains is seen as contributing to parents' tendencies to become controlling in these areas.

What Can Parents Do?

Download What Can Parents Do? PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470725133
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis What Can Parents Do? by : Margaret Kerr

Download or read book What Can Parents Do? written by Margaret Kerr and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years research on parenting has changed stance from one where parents shape child outcomes to an interactive perspective. However this shift is only now transferring to adolescents, with research exploring how the roles that adolescents and parents play in their interactions can lead to problem behaviour. Part of the Hot Topics in Developmental Research series, this book presents the new perspective.

Parental Support, Psychological Control and Behavioral Control

Download Parental Support, Psychological Control and Behavioral Control PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Parental Support, Psychological Control and Behavioral Control by : Brian K. Barber

Download or read book Parental Support, Psychological Control and Behavioral Control written by Brian K. Barber and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2005-12-09 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can parents, and others interested in adolescents, do to facilitate their healthy development? In many decades of work, researchers have continually identified three central dimensions of parenting: support, behavioral control, and psychological control, all of which have been associated consistently with either positive or negative indicators of adolescent functioning. Notwithstanding its volume, the research has been non specific as to the effects of these dimensions and has otherwise been limited by a predominant concentration on western families. This monograph reported on research that addressed these limitations by testing specific effects of the parenting dimensions and by doing with multiple analytic techniques on data from adolescents in 11 cultures across the world. In al sites, it was found that support was associated with higher adolescent social competence and lower depression; psychological control with higher depression and antisocial behavior; and behavioral control with lower antisocial behavior. Recommendations included considering that these dimensions are the parental contribution to relationship types or socialization conditions that, when achieved, (with parents or other significant person) are responsible for the effects.

Handbook of Parenting and Child Development Across the Lifespan

Download Handbook of Parenting and Child Development Across the Lifespan PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331994598X
Total Pages : 849 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Parenting and Child Development Across the Lifespan by : Matthew R. Sanders

Download or read book Handbook of Parenting and Child Development Across the Lifespan written by Matthew R. Sanders and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-06 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook presents the latest theories and findings on parenting, from the evolving roles and tasks of childrearing to insights from neuroscience, prevention science, and genetics. Chapters explore the various processes through which parents influence the lives of their children, as well as the effects of parenting on specific areas of child development, such as language, communication, cognition, emotion, sibling and peer relationships, schooling, and health. Chapters also explore the determinants of parenting, including consideration of biological factors, parental self-regulation and mental health, cultural and religious factors, and stressful and complex social conditions such as poverty, work-related separation, and divorce. In addition, the handbook provides evidence supporting the implementation of parenting programs such as prevention/early intervention and treatments for established issues. The handbook addresses the complementary role of universal and targeted parenting programs, the economic benefits of investment in parenting programs, and concludes with future directions for research and practice. Topics featured in the Handbook include: · The role of fathers in supporting children’s development. · Developmental disabilities and their effect on parenting and child development. · Child characteristics and their reciprocal effects on parenting. · Long-distance parenting and its impact on families. · The shifting dynamic of parenting and adult-child relationships. · The effects of trauma, such as natural disasters, war exposure, and forced displacement on parenting. The Handbook of Parenting and Child Development Across the Lifespan is an essential reference for researchers, graduate students, clinicians, and therapists and professionals in clinical child and school psychology, social work, pediatrics, developmental psychology, family studies, child and adolescent psychiatry, and special education.

Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology

Download Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146149608X
Total Pages : 836 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology by : Michael Lewis

Download or read book Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology written by Michael Lewis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-09 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When developmental psychologists set forth the theory that the roots of adult psychopathology could be traced to childhood experience and behavior, the idea quickly took hold. Subsequently, as significant research in this area advanced during the past decade, more sophisticated theory, more accurate research methodologies, and improved replication of empirical findings have been the result. The Third Edition of the Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology incorporates these research advances throughout its comprehensive, up-to-date examination of this diverse and maturing field. Integrative state-of-the-art models document the complex interplay of risk and protective factors and other variables contributing to normal and pathological development. New and updated chapters describe current refinements in assessment methods and offer the latest research findings from neuroscience. In addition, the Third Edition provides readers with a detailed review across the spectrum of salient topics, from the effects of early deprivation to the impact of puberty. As the field continues to shift from traditional symptom-based concepts of pathology to a contemporary, dynamic paradigm, the Third Edition addresses such key topics as: Early Childhood disorders, including failure to thrive and attachment disorders. Aggression, ADHD, and other disruptive conditions. Developmental models of depression, anxiety, self-injury/suicide, and OCD. The autism spectrum and other chronic developmental disorders. Child maltreatment and trauma disorders. The Third Edition of the Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology is a discipline-defining, forward-looking resource for researchers, clinicians, scientist-practitioners, and graduate students in such fields as developmental psychology, psychiatry, social work, child and school psychology, educational psychology, and pediatrics.“p>