Assessment Of Online Learners

Download Assessment Of Online Learners full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Assessment Of Online Learners ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Assessment in Online and Blended Learning Environments

Author : Selma Koç
Publisher : IAP
ISBN 13 : 1681230461
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (812 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Assessment in Online and Blended Learning Environments by : Selma Koç

Download or read book Assessment in Online and Blended Learning Environments written by Selma Koç and published by IAP. This book was released on 2015-03-01 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Online and blended learning requires the reconstruction of instructor and learner roles, relations, and practices in many aspects. Assessment becomes an important issue in non-traditional learning environments. Assessment literacy, i.e., understanding assessment and assessment strategies, is critical for both instructors and students in creating online and blended environments that are effective for teaching and learning. Instructors need to identify and implement assessment strategies and methods appropriate to online or blended learning. This includes an understanding of the potential of a variety of technology tools for monitoring student learning and improving their teaching effectiveness. From the students’ perspective, good assessment practices can show them what is important to learn and how they should approach learning; hence, engaging them in goal-oriented and self-regulatory cognitions and behaviors. The book targets instructors, instructional designers, and educational leaders who are interested in understanding and implementing either summative or formative assessment in online and blended learning environments. This book will assist the relevant audience in the theory and practice of assessment in online and blended learning environments. Providing both a research and practice perspective, this book can help instructors make the connection between pedagogy and technology tools to maximize their teaching and student learning. Among the questions addressed in this book are: • What assessment strategies can be used in online or blended learning? • How can instructors design effective assessment strategies? • What methods or technology tools can be used for assessment in online or blended learning? • How does peer-assessment work in online or blended learning environments?

Assessment Strategies for Online Learning

Author : Dianne Conrad
Publisher : Athabasca University Press
ISBN 13 : 1771992328
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (719 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Assessment Strategies for Online Learning by : Dianne Conrad

Download or read book Assessment Strategies for Online Learning written by Dianne Conrad and published by Athabasca University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-15 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessment has provided educational institutions with information about student learning outcomes and the quality of education for many decades. But has it informed practice and been fully incorporated into the learning cycle? Conrad and Openo argue that the potential inherent in many of the new learning environments being explored by educators and students has not been fully realized. In this investigation of a variety of assessment methods and learning approaches, the authors aim to discover the tools that engage learners and authentically evaluate education. They insist that moving to new learning environments, specifically those online and at a distance, afford opportunities for educators to adopt only the best practices of traditional face-to-face assessment while exploring evaluation tools made available by a digital learning environment in the hopes of arriving at methods that capture the widest set of learner skills and attributes.

Learning Assessment Techniques

Author : Elizabeth F. Barkley
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119050898
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Learning Assessment Techniques by : Elizabeth F. Barkley

Download or read book Learning Assessment Techniques written by Elizabeth F. Barkley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 50 Techniques for Engaging Students and Assessing Learning in College Courses Do you want to: Know what and how well your students are learning? Promote active learning in ways that readily integrate assessment? Gather information that can help make grading more systematic and streamlined? Efficiently collect solid learning outcomes data for institutional assessment? Provide evidence of your teaching effectiveness for promotion and tenure review? Learning Assessment Techniques provides 50 easy-to-implement active learning techniques that gauge student learning across academic disciplines and learning environments. Using Fink's Taxonomy of Significant Learning as its organizational framework, it embeds assessment within active learning activities. Each technique features: purpose and use, key learning goals, step-by-step implementation, online adaptation, analysis and reporting, concrete examples in both on-site and online environments, and key references—all in an easy-to-follow format. The book includes an all-new Learning Goals Inventory, as well as more than 35 customizable assessment rubrics, to help teachers determine significant learning goals and appropriate techniques. Readers will also gain access to downloadable supplements, including a worksheet to guide teachers through the six steps of the Learning Assessment Techniques planning and implementation cycle. College teachers today are under increased pressure to teach effectively and provide evidence of what, and how well, students are learning. An invaluable asset for college teachers of any subject, Learning Assessment Techniques provides a practical framework for seamlessly integrating teaching, learning, and assessment.

Online Assessment and Measurement

Author : Mary Hricko
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1591404991
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (914 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Online Assessment and Measurement by : Mary Hricko

Download or read book Online Assessment and Measurement written by Mary Hricko and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book explores the development of online assessment and the way practitioners of online learning can modify their methodologies in the design, development, and delivery of their instruction to best accommodate their participants"--Provided by publisher.

Online Learning and Assessment in Higher Education

Author : Robyn Benson
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1780631650
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (86 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Online Learning and Assessment in Higher Education by : Robyn Benson

Download or read book Online Learning and Assessment in Higher Education written by Robyn Benson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of e-learning strategies in teaching is becoming increasingly popular, particularly in higher education. Online Learning and Assessment in Higher Education recognises the key decisions that need to be made by lecturers in order to introduce e-learning into their teaching. An overview of the tools for e-learning is provided, including the use of Web 2.0 and the issues surrounding the use of e-learning tools such as resources and support and institutional policy. The second part of the book focuses on e-assessment; design principles, different forms of online assessment and the benefits and limitations of e-assessment. Provides an accessible introduction to teaching with technology Addresses the basic aspects of decision-making for successful introduction of e-learning, drawing on relevant pedagogical principles from contemporary learning theories Crosses boundaries between the fields of higher education and educational technology (within the discipline of education), drawing on discourse from both areas

Understanding by Design

Author : Grant P. Wiggins
Publisher : ASCD
ISBN 13 : 1416600353
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (166 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Understanding by Design by : Grant P. Wiggins

Download or read book Understanding by Design written by Grant P. Wiggins and published by ASCD. This book was released on 2005 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is understanding and how does it differ from knowledge? How can we determine the big ideas worth understanding? Why is understanding an important teaching goal, and how do we know when students have attained it? How can we create a rigorous and engaging curriculum that focuses on understanding and leads to improved student performance in today's high-stakes, standards-based environment? Authors Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe answer these and many other questions in this second edition of Understanding by Design. Drawing on feedback from thousands of educators around the world who have used the UbD framework since its introduction in 1998, the authors have greatly revised and expanded their original work to guide educators across the K-16 spectrum in the design of curriculum, assessment, and instruction. With an improved UbD Template at its core, the book explains the rationale of backward design and explores in greater depth the meaning of such key ideas as essential questions and transfer tasks. Readers will learn why the familiar coverage- and activity-based approaches to curriculum design fall short, and how a focus on the six facets of understanding can enrich student learning. With an expanded array of practical strategies, tools, and examples from all subject areas, the book demonstrates how the research-based principles of Understanding by Design apply to district frameworks as well as to individual units of curriculum. Combining provocative ideas, thoughtful analysis, and tested approaches, this new edition of Understanding by Design offers teacher-designers a clear path to the creation of curriculum that ensures better learning and a more stimulating experience for students and teachers alike.

Handbook on Digital Learning for K-12 Schools

Author : Ann Marcus-Quinn
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319338080
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook on Digital Learning for K-12 Schools by : Ann Marcus-Quinn

Download or read book Handbook on Digital Learning for K-12 Schools written by Ann Marcus-Quinn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-07 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book guides the adoption, design, development and expectation of future digital teaching and learning projects/programs in K12 schools. It provides a series of case studies and reports experiences from international digital teaching and learning projects in K12 education. The book also furnishes advice for future school policy and investment in digital teaching and learning projects. Finally, the book provides an explanation of the future capacity and sustainability of digital teaching and learning in K12 schools.

Discussion-Based Online Teaching To Enhance Student Learning

Author : Tisha Bender
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000980707
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Discussion-Based Online Teaching To Enhance Student Learning by : Tisha Bender

Download or read book Discussion-Based Online Teaching To Enhance Student Learning written by Tisha Bender and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of what is now considered a classic on online learning has been expanded by about a third to reflect new opportunities offered by social media, new insights and ideas derived from the author’s teaching in the eight years since she wrote the first edition, as well as from extensive research in the latest literature. In particular, Tisha Bender investigates whether the existing paradigm of teaching and learning has been changed, not so much because of the advent of the Internet, but because of the potential divide between the expectations and practices of students who are “digital natives” of the digital revolution, and those of their teachers who are mostly “digital immigrants”. She addresses the question: do we need to change the way we teach in order to reach and engage digital natives fruitfully and enjoyably in their education.This accessible and comprehensive book offers an engaging and practical approach to online teaching that is rooted in the author's experience and enthusiasm for creating a virtual environment that engages students and fosters their deep learning. This is a book for all educators and administrators in higher education, in any discipline, engaged in, or contemplating offering, online classes that involve discussion or collaborative learning. It is relevant both to faculty teaching a hybrid and face-to-face classes, and courses conducted entirely online.

Assessing Student Learning

Author : Linda Suskie
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470936800
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (79 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Assessing Student Learning by : Linda Suskie

Download or read book Assessing Student Learning written by Linda Suskie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of Assessing Student Learning has become the standard reference for college faculty and administrators who are charged with the task of assessing student learning within their institutions. The second edition of this landmark book offers the same practical guidance and is designed to meet ever-increasing demands for improvement and accountability. This edition includes expanded coverage of vital assessment topics such as promoting an assessment culture, characteristics of good assessment, audiences for assessment, organizing and coordinating assessment, assessing attitudes and values, setting benchmarks and standards, and using results to inform and improve teaching, learning, planning, and decision making.

The Theory and Practice of Online Learning

Author : Terry Anderson
Publisher : Athabasca University Press
ISBN 13 : 1897425082
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (974 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Theory and Practice of Online Learning by : Terry Anderson

Download or read book The Theory and Practice of Online Learning written by Terry Anderson and published by Athabasca University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Neither an academic tome nor a prescriptive 'how to' guide, The Theory and Practice of Online Learning is an illuminating collection of essays by practitioners and scholars active in the complex field of distance education. Distance education has evolved significantly in its 150 years of existence. For most of this time, it was an individual pursuit defined by infrequent postal communication. But recently, three more developmental generations have emerged, supported by television and radio, teleconferencing, and computer conferencing. The early 21st century has produced a fifth generation, based on autonomous agents and intelligent, database-assisted learning, that has been referred to as Web 2.0. The second edition of "The Theory and Practice of Online Learning" features updates in each chapter, plus four new chapters on current distance education issues such as connectivism and social software innovations."--BOOK JACKET.

Learning and Performance Assessment: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Author : Management Association, Information Resources
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799804216
Total Pages : 1757 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Learning and Performance Assessment: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications by : Management Association, Information Resources

Download or read book Learning and Performance Assessment: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-10-11 with total page 1757 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As teaching strategies continue to change and evolve, and technology use in classrooms continues to increase, it is imperative that their impact on student learning is monitored and assessed. New practices are being developed to enhance students’ participation, especially in their own assessment, be it through peer-review, reflective assessment, the introduction of new technologies, or other novel solutions. Educators must remain up-to-date on the latest methods of evaluation and performance measurement techniques to ensure that their students excel. Learning and Performance Assessment: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications is a vital reference source that examines emerging perspectives on the theoretical and practical aspects of learning and performance-based assessment techniques and applications within educational settings. Highlighting a range of topics such as learning outcomes, assessment design, and peer assessment, this multi-volume book is ideally designed for educators, administrative officials, principals, deans, instructional designers, school boards, academicians, researchers, and education students seeking coverage on an educator’s role in evaluation design and analyses of evaluation methods and outcomes.

Teaching on Assessment

Author : Sharon L. Nichols
Publisher : IAP
ISBN 13 : 1648024297
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (48 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Teaching on Assessment by : Sharon L. Nichols

Download or read book Teaching on Assessment written by Sharon L. Nichols and published by IAP. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an age where the quality of teacher education programs has been called into question, it is more important than ever that teachers have a fundamental understanding of the principles of human learning, motivation, and development. Theory to Practice: Educational Psychology for Teachers and Teaching is a series for those who teach educational psychology in teacher education programs. At a time when educational psychology is at risk of becoming marginalized, it is imperative that we, as educators, “walk our talk” in serving as models of what effective instruction looks like. Each volume in the series draws upon the latest research to help instructors model fundamental principles of learning, motivation, and development to best prepare their students for the diverse, multidimensional, uncertain, and socially-embedded environments in which these future educators will teach. The inaugural volume, Teaching on Assessment, is centered on the role of assessment in teaching and learning. Each chapter translates current research on critical topics in assessment for educational psychology instructors and teacher educators to consider in their teaching of future teachers. Written for practitioners, the aim is to present contemporary issues and ideas that would help teachers engage in meaningful assessment practice. This volume is important not only because of the dwindling presence of assessment-related instructional content in teacher preparation programs, but also because the policy changes in the last two decades have transformed the meaning and use of assessment in K-12 classrooms. Praise for Teaching on Assessment "This thought-provoking book brings together perspectives from educational psychology and teacher education to examine how assessment can best support student motivation, engagement, and learning. In the volume, editors Nichols and Varier present a set of chapters written by leaders in the field to examine critical questions about how to best prepare teachers to make instructional decisions, understand assessment within the context of learning and motivation theory, and draw on assessment in ways which can meet the needs of diverse learners. Written in a highly accessible language and style, each chapter contains clear takeaway messages designed for educational psychologists, teacher educators, teachers, and pre-service teachers. This book is essential reading for anyone involved in teaching or developing our future teaching professionals." Lois R. Harris, Australian Catholic University "This impressive book provides a wealth of contemporary and engaging resources, ideas and perspectives that educational psychology instructors will find relevant for helping students understand the complexity of assessment decision-making as an essential component of instruction. Traditional assessment principles are integrated with contemporary educational psychology research that will enhance prospective teachers’ decision-making about classroom assessments that promote all students’ learning and motivation. It is unique in showing how to best leverage both formative and summative assessment to boost student engagement and achievement, enabling students to understand how to integrate practical classroom constraints and realities with current knowledge about self-regulation, intrinsic motivation, and other psychological constructs that assessment needs to consider. The chapters are written by established experts who are able to effectively balance presentation of research and theory with practical applications. Notably, the volume includes very important topics rarely emphasized in other assessment texts, including assessment literacy frameworks, diversity, equity, assessment strategies for students with special needs, and data-driven decision making. The book will be an excellent supplement for educational psychology classes or for assessment courses, introducing students to current thinking about how to effectively integrate assessment with instruction." James McMillan, Virginia Commonwealth University.

Assessment Across Online Language Education

Author : Stephanie Link
Publisher : Equinox Publishing (UK)
ISBN 13 : 9781781797013
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (97 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Assessment Across Online Language Education by : Stephanie Link

Download or read book Assessment Across Online Language Education written by Stephanie Link and published by Equinox Publishing (UK). This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the expansion of online language learning opportunities, language teachers and learners are presented with an increasingly diverse range of tools to facilitate language learning in various contexts. However, CALL researchers and practitioners often have limited knowledge about the effectiveness of online language learning primarily due to a lack of research on online language learning outcomes and on valid assessment measures. Despite the challenges in assessing language learning online, the editors of this volume believe the wide range of online language learning opportunities has brought new tools and methods to both strengthen assessment and inform pedagogical decisions in online language teaching. In terms of assessment, technology first provides researchers and practitioners with more options to document learners' language use in different contexts and their progress over time. The instances of learners' actual use of language will complement any achievement and proficiency measures of language learning outcomes. Moreover, the use of technology motivates researchers and practitioners to re-conceptualize assessment of online language learning. More importantly, technologies make it possible for the assessment to be incorporated for the purpose of learning (e.g., adaptive learning) and teaching (e.g., technology-mediated dynamic assessment and teacher intervention). Assessment Across Online Language Education examines these challenges emerged in online language teaching and learning, explores the new opportunities for language teachers and learners, and provides suggestions for future research on assessment and learning in online language education.

The Virtual Student

Author : Rena M. Palloff
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0787964743
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (879 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Virtual Student by : Rena M. Palloff

Download or read book The Virtual Student written by Rena M. Palloff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-03-10 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Virtual Student is an essential resource for online educators working with students in higher education and training settings. The authors offer an overview of the key issues of student online learning and provide a practical guide to working with online students. The book covers a broad range of topics including learning styles, multicultural issues, evaluation, retention, and the challenging problems of plagiarism and cheating.

Handbook of Research on Determining the Reliability of Online Assessment and Distance Learning

Author : Moura, Ana S.
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799847705
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Determining the Reliability of Online Assessment and Distance Learning by : Moura, Ana S.

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Determining the Reliability of Online Assessment and Distance Learning written by Moura, Ana S. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though in the past online learning was considered of poorer professional quality than classroom learning, it has become a useful and, in some cases, vital tool for promoting the inclusivity of education. Some of its benefits include allowing greater accessibility to educational resources previously unattainable by those in rural areas, and in current times, it has proven to be a critical asset as universities shut down due to natural disasters and pandemics. Examining the current state of distance learning and determining online assessment tools and processes that can enhance the online learning experience are clearly crucial for the advancement of modern education. The Handbook of Research on Determining the Reliability of Online Assessment and Distance Learning is a collection of pioneering investigations on the methods and applications of digital technologies in the realm of education. It provides a clear and extensive analysis of issues regarding online learning while also offering frameworks to solve these addressed problems. Moreover, the book reviews and evaluates the present and intended future of distance learning, focusing on the societal and employer perspective versus the academic proposals. While highlighting topics including hybrid teaching, blended learning, and telelearning, this book is ideally designed for teachers, academicians, researchers, educational administrators, and students.

Transforming Digital Learning and Assessment

Author : Peggy L. Maki
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000978745
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Transforming Digital Learning and Assessment by : Peggy L. Maki

Download or read book Transforming Digital Learning and Assessment written by Peggy L. Maki and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Responding to both the trend towards increasing online enrollments as the demand for face-to-face education declines, and to the immediate surge in remote learning owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, this book provides vital guidance to higher education institutions on how to develop faculty capacity to teach online and to leverage the affordances of an ever-increasing array of new and emerging learning technologies.This book provides higher education leaders with the context they need to position their institutions in the changing online environment, and with guidance to build support in a period of transition.It is intended for campus leaders and administrators who work with campus teams charged with identifying learning technologies to meet an agreed upon program- or institution-level educational needs; for those coordinating across campus to build consensus on implementing online strategies; and for instructional designers, faculty developers and assessment directors who assist departments and faculty effectively integrate learning technologies into their courses and programs. It will also appeal to faculty who take an active interest in improving online teaching.The contributors to this volume describe the potential of artificial intelligence algorithms, such as those that fuel learning analytics software that mines LMS data to enable faculty to quickly and efficiently assess individual students’ progress in real time, prompting either individual attention or the need to more generally clarify concepts for the class as whole. They describe and provide access to a hybrid professional development MOOC and an associated WIKI that curate information about a wide range of learning software solutions currently available; and present case studies that offer guidance on building the buy-in and consensus needed to successfully integrate learning technologies into course, program- and institution-level contexts.In sum, this book provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of the technological capabilities available to them and identifies collaborative processes related to engaging and building institutional support for the changes needed to provide the rapidly growing demand for effective and evidence-based online learning.

Knowing What Students Know

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309293227
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Knowing What Students Know by : National Research Council

Download or read book Knowing What Students Know written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-10-27 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education is a hot topic. From the stage of presidential debates to tonight's dinner table, it is an issue that most Americans are deeply concerned about. While there are many strategies for improving the educational process, we need a way to find out what works and what doesn't work as well. Educational assessment seeks to determine just how well students are learning and is an integral part of our quest for improved education. The nation is pinning greater expectations on educational assessment than ever before. We look to these assessment tools when documenting whether students and institutions are truly meeting education goals. But we must stop and ask a crucial question: What kind of assessment is most effective? At a time when traditional testing is subject to increasing criticism, research suggests that new, exciting approaches to assessment may be on the horizon. Advances in the sciences of how people learn and how to measure such learning offer the hope of developing new kinds of assessments-assessments that help students succeed in school by making as clear as possible the nature of their accomplishments and the progress of their learning. Knowing What Students Know essentially explains how expanding knowledge in the scientific fields of human learning and educational measurement can form the foundations of an improved approach to assessment. These advances suggest ways that the targets of assessment-what students know and how well they know it-as well as the methods used to make inferences about student learning can be made more valid and instructionally useful. Principles for designing and using these new kinds of assessments are presented, and examples are used to illustrate the principles. Implications for policy, practice, and research are also explored. With the promise of a productive research-based approach to assessment of student learning, Knowing What Students Know will be important to education administrators, assessment designers, teachers and teacher educators, and education advocates.