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Assessment And Mitigation Of Asteroid Impact Hazards
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Book Synopsis Assessment and Mitigation of Asteroid Impact Hazards by : Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez
Download or read book Assessment and Mitigation of Asteroid Impact Hazards written by Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a compilation of the research presented at the International Asteroid Day workshop which was celebrated at Barcelona on June 30th, 2015. The proceedings discuss the beginning of a new era in the study and exploration of the solar system’s minor bodies. International Asteroid Day commemorates the Tunguska event of June 30th, 1908. The workshop’s goal was to promote the importance of dealing proactively with impact hazards from space. Multidisciplinary experts contributed to this discussion by describing the nature of comets and asteroids along with their offspring, meteoroids. New missions to return material samples of asteroids back to Earth such as Osiris-REx and Hayabusa 2, as well as projects like AIM and DART which will test impact deflection techniques for Potentially Hazardous Asteroids encounters were also covered. The proceedings include both an outreach level to popularize impact hazards and a scientific character which covers the latest knowledge on these topics, as well as offering proposals of promising new techniques that will help gain new insights of the properties of these challenging bodies by studying meteoroids and meteorites. Asteroids, comets, meteoroids and meteorites are introduced with descriptions of their nature, origin, and solar system pathways.
Book Synopsis Defending Planet Earth by : National Research Council
Download or read book Defending Planet Earth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-21 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States spends approximately $4 million each year searching for near-Earth objects (NEOs). The objective is to detect those that may collide with Earth. The majority of this funding supports the operation of several observatories that scan the sky searching for NEOs. This, however, is insufficient in detecting the majority of NEOs that may present a tangible threat to humanity. A significantly smaller amount of funding supports ways to protect the Earth from such a potential collision or "mitigation." In 2005, a Congressional mandate called for NASA to detect 90 percent of NEOs with diameters of 140 meters of greater by 2020. Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies identifies the need for detection of objects as small as 30 to 50 meters as these can be highly destructive. The book explores four main types of mitigation including civil defense, "slow push" or "pull" methods, kinetic impactors and nuclear explosions. It also asserts that responding effectively to hazards posed by NEOs requires national and international cooperation. Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies is a useful guide for scientists, astronomers, policy makers and engineers.
Book Synopsis Mitigation of Hazardous Comets and Asteroids by : M. J. S. Belton
Download or read book Mitigation of Hazardous Comets and Asteroids written by M. J. S. Belton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-09-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is known that large asteroids and comets can collide with the Earth with severe consequences. Although the chances of a collision in a person's lifetime are small, collisions are a random process and could occur at any time. This book collects the latest thoughts and ideas of scientists concerned with mitigating the threat of hazardous asteroids and comets. It reviews current knowledge of the population of potential colliders, including their numbers, locations, orbits, and how warning times might be improved. The structural properties and composition of their interiors and surfaces are reviewed, and their orbital response to the application of pulses of energy is discussed. Difficulties of operating in space near, or on the surface of, very low mass objects are examined. The book concludes with a discussion of the problems faced in communicating the nature of the impact hazard to the public.
Book Synopsis Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies by : National Research Council
Download or read book Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-30 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is currently the only country with an active, government-sponsored effort to detect and track potentially hazardous near-Earth objects (NEOs). Congress has mandated that NASA detect and track 90 percent of NEOs that are 1 kilometer in diameter or larger. These objects represent a great potential hazard to life on Earth and could cause global destruction. NASA is close to accomplishing this goal. Congress has more recently mandated that by 2020 NASA should detect and track 90 percent of NEOs that are 140 meters in diameter or larger, a category of objects that is generally recognized to represent a very significant threat to life on Earth if they strike in or near urban areas. Achieving this goal may require the building of one or more additional observatories, possibly including a space-based observatory. Congress directed NASA to ask the National Research Council to review NASA's near-Earth object programs. This interim report addresses some of the issues associated with the survey and detection of NEOs. The final report will contain findings and recommendations for survey and detection, characterization, and mitigation of near-Earth objects based on an integrated assessment of the problem.
Book Synopsis Asteroid Collision by : CAN BARTU H.
Download or read book Asteroid Collision written by CAN BARTU H. and published by CBF Publishing. This book was released on 2024-01-01 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the vast expanse of the cosmos, celestial bodies journey through space, their paths occasionally crossing with our own planet Earth. Among these wanderers are asteroids, mysterious remnants of our solar system's formation that can pose potential threats to our world. Throughout history, Earth has endured the impact of asteroids, leaving lasting marks on our planet's landscape and shaping the course of evolution. Today, as we delve deeper into the realm of space exploration, understanding and mitigating the dangers posed by these wandering rocks have become crucial endeavors. "Asteroid Collision: Threats and Solutions" delves into the intriguing and thoughtprovoking realm of asteroids and the potential risks they pose to Earth. This book is an exploration into the fascinating world of space science, planetary defense, and humanity's quest to safeguard our planet and its inhabitants from potential impact events. As we traverse the pages of this book, we embark on a journey through the formation of our solar system and the genesis of these celestial hazards. We delve into the science behind asteroids, their classifications, and how their paths could intersect with ours. From the catastrophic impact events of the past to the future collision scenarios we may face, we delve into the science of asteroid impacts and their potential consequences. With an indepth analysis of asteroid detection and monitoring techniques, we unravel the cuttingedge technologies and space missions that pave the way for early warning systems and preparedness strategies. From telescopes that peer into the depths of space to spacecraft that journey to distant asteroids, we discover the ingenuity of human ingenuity in deciphering the secrets of the cosmos. The book examines the innovative strategies to divert and mitigate asteroid threats, from theoretical models to practical missions, revealing how science and technology join forces to protect our planet from potential cosmic calamities. It explores the international collaboration and global networks that unite nations in their shared responsibility to safeguard Earth from celestial impacts. As we gaze upward and outward, contemplating the mysteries of the universe, we also turn our attention to the ethical and legal considerations of planetary defense. Questions of responsibility, transparency, and international protocols are explored as we endeavor to create a unified front in safeguarding humanity's future. "Asteroid Collision: Threats and Solutions" is not just a book of knowledge; it is a call to action. It is an invitation to explore the unknown, to embrace the wonders of our universe, and to unite in protecting the fragile oasis we call home. Our collective journey to understand, prepare, and respond to potential asteroid threats symbolizes the human spirit of exploration and resilience. This book aims to inspire scientists, astronomers, policymakers, and the general public alike to engage in planetary defense efforts. It is a testament to the power of knowledge and collaboration, reminding us that together, we can navigate the challenges that lie beyond the stars. Let us embark on this cosmic voyage with curiosity and determination, driven by the desire to secure a safer future for our planet and generations yet to come. Welcome to "Asteroid Collision: Threats and Solutions."
Book Synopsis Numerical and Probabilistic Analysis of Asteroid and Comet Impact Hazard Mitigation by :
Download or read book Numerical and Probabilistic Analysis of Asteroid and Comet Impact Hazard Mitigation written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The possibility of asteroid and comet impacts on Earth has received significant recent media and scientific attention. Still, there are many outstanding questions about the correct response once a potentially hazardous object (PHO) is found. Nuclear munitions are often suggested as a deflection mechanism because they have a high internal energy per unit launch mass. However, major uncertainties remain about the use of nuclear munitions for hazard mitigation. There are large uncertainties in a PHO's physical response to a strong deflection or dispersion impulse like that delivered by nuclear munitions. Objects smaller than 100 m may be solid, and objects at all sizes may be 'rubble piles' with large porosities and little strength. Objects with these different properties would respond very differently, so the effects of object properties must be accounted for. Recent ground-based observations and missions to asteroids and comets have improved the planetary science community's understanding of these objects. Computational power and simulation capabilities have improved such that it is possible to numerically model the hazard mitigation problem from first principles. Before we know that explosive yield Y at height h or depth -h from the target surface will produce a momentum change in or dispersion of a PHO, we must quantify energy deposition into the system of particles that make up the PHO. Here we present the initial results of a parameter study in which we model the efficiency of energy deposition from a stand-off nuclear burst onto targets made of PHO constituent materials.
Book Synopsis Asteroid Impact Risk by : Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez
Download or read book Asteroid Impact Risk written by Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-08 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the complexity of impact hazards associated with asteroids and comets. The challenge in this regard lies in the heterogeneous nature of these bodies that endanger our planet, which is why we are conducting new experiments to better understand their unique physicochemical properties. Several generations of astronomers have tracked and mapped the orbits of asteroids and comets over the past few centuries, and telescopic surveys have only begun to discover “new” interstellar objects. In addition, cutting-edge software allow our computers to combine the orbits of these elusive bodies to study how they evolve over time and seek to match asteroid complexes as fragments of asteroidal and cometary disruptions. Impact hazards represent one of the greatest threats to the survival of human beings in the medium term. Geological studies show that the stratigraphic record holds clear geological evidence of these rare but transcendental encounters in the history of life on our planet. The study and quantification of past catastrophes can give us clues to face future challenges in the form of potential impacts. Further, it would be illogical to assume that Earth’s interaction with space is limited to major impacts. Every night, Earth is struck by millions of particles, and dozens of meteor showers occur around the globe every year. The study of lake and ocean sediments reveals the magnitude of the continuous contribution of interplanetary matter reaching Earth: roughly 100,000 tons per year. Accordingly, the goal of this book is to underscore the need for society-wide awareness of the dangers associated with asteroid and comet impacts, on the basis of scientific evidence and with no intention of sparking alarmism. After all, we ourselves may only be the fruit of an opportunity given to mammals sixty-five million years ago to evolve after the conflagration that would be the downfall of the dinosaurs. If we have learned to read Earth’s geological history, we should consider ourselves a very fortunate species, and its teachings should equip us to face this problem. The also book emphasizes the role of space missions to gain insights on these bodies, particularly describing the relevance of the DART (NASA) and Hera (ESA) missions to deflect and study Dimorphos, respectively, the small satellite of the Didymos binary asteroid.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Cosmic Hazards and Planetary Defense by : Joseph N. Pelton
Download or read book Handbook of Cosmic Hazards and Planetary Defense written by Joseph N. Pelton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers in a comprehensive fashion all aspects of cosmic hazards and possible strategies for contending with these threats through a comprehensive planetary defense strategy. This handbook brings together in a single reference work a rich blend of information about the various types of cosmic threats that are posed to human civilization by asteroids, comets, bolides, meteors, solar flares and coronal mass ejections, cosmic radiation and other types of threats that are only recently beginning to be understood and studied, such as investigation of the “cracks” in the protective shield provided by the Van Allen belts and the geomagnetosphere, of matter-antimatter collisions, orbital debris and radiological or biological contamination. Some areas that are addressed involve areas about which there is a good deal of information that has been collected for many decades by multiple space missions run by many different space agencies, observatories and scientific researchers. Other areas involving research and studies that have only recently gotten underway are discussed by some of the world’s foremost experts in each of these areas, who provide up-to-date and scientifically verifiable information. Although much of the work in these various areas have been conducted by space agencies, an expanding range of work is also being carried out by observatories, by universities and other research centers, and even by private foundations and professional organizations. The purpose of this work is thus several-fold: to include the latest information and most systematic research from around the world in a single reference work; to note where there are significant gaps in knowledge where new research, spacecraft, observatories, or other initiatives are needed to fill in critical missing information; and to give the best possible information about preventative actions that might be taken against cosmic threats and identify various alternative strategies that are now under way or planned to cope with these various threats.
Book Synopsis Comet/Asteroid Impacts and Human Society by : Peter T. Bobrowsky
Download or read book Comet/Asteroid Impacts and Human Society written by Peter T. Bobrowsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-10 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading specialists in various disciplines were first invited to a multidisciplinary workshop funded by ICSU on the topic to gain a better appreciation and perspective on the subject of comet/asteroid impacts as viewed by different disciplines. This volume provides a necessary link between various disciplines and comet/asteroid impacts.
Book Synopsis Comet and Asteroid Impact Hazards on a Populated Earth by : John S. Lewis
Download or read book Comet and Asteroid Impact Hazards on a Populated Earth written by John S. Lewis and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disk contains: HAZARDS version 5.5, designed to predict asteroid or comet impacts with the Earth.
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Science and Space Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :52 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Assessing the Risks, Impacts, and Solutions for Space Threats by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Science and Space
Download or read book Assessing the Risks, Impacts, and Solutions for Space Threats written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Science and Space and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Planetary Defense by : Nikola Schmidt
Download or read book Planetary Defense written by Nikola Schmidt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-26 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planetary defense from near-Earth objects such as asteroids is a far more nuanced and challenging topic than it might seem. Each day, technology is making it easier to detect asteroid impact threats in advance, but at present, there is still no easy way to design and implement any form of global defense. This book examines how various asteroid deflection methods can change global political affairs. The authors believe that the final policy for potential Earth impacts should be based on practical engineering solutions and innovative architectural structures, while at the same time reflecting the most recent political science contributions in ethical security studies and security cosmopolitanism. Their focus is not limited to effective engineering solutions, but rather extends to how such proposals resonate in possible political structures of the future. Planetary defense cannot be achieved with technology alone; the chapters in this volume highlight the issues that arise when space science and technology intersect with political science. This complex interdisciplinary project not only demands global participation and collaboration, but also proposes the way we can achieve it. The authors explore various concepts of governance and their far-reaching implications for planetary defense and vice versa—how scientific progress in Solar System observations and asteroid collision engineering influence political science and put pressure on the international legal framework. The text is intentionally written for a diverse scholarly and diplomatic audience in a style accessible to non-specialists and practitioners and can be read by those across diverse disciplinary backgrounds.
Book Synopsis Planning Ahead for Asteroid and Comet Hazard Mitigation, Phase 1 by :
Download or read book Planning Ahead for Asteroid and Comet Hazard Mitigation, Phase 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mitigation of impact hazards resulting from Earth-approaching asteroids and comets has received much attention in the popular press. However, many questions remain about the near-term and long-term, feasibility and appropriate application of all proposed methods. Recent and ongoing ground- and space-based observations of small solar-system body composition and dynamics have revolutionized our understanding of these bodies (e.g., Ryan (2000), Fujiwara et al. (2006), and Jedicke et al. (2006)). Ongoing increases in computing power and algorithm sophistication make it possible to calculate the response of these inhomogeneous objects to proposed mitigation techniques. Here we present the first phase of a comprehensive hazard mitigation planning effort undertaken by Southwest Research Institute and Los Alamos National Laboratory. We begin by reviewing the parameter space of the object's physical and chemical composition and trajectory. We then use the radiation hydrocode RAGE (Gittings et al. 2008), Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) radiation transport (see Clement et al., this conference), and N-body dynamics codes to explore the effects these variations in object properties have on the coupling of energy into the object from a variety of mitigation techniques, including deflection and disruption by nuclear and conventional munitions, and a kinetic impactor.
Book Synopsis Asteroids and Meteorites by : Gregor Pahlke
Download or read book Asteroids and Meteorites written by Gregor Pahlke and published by . This book was released on 2017-10 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Meteorites, and their fall to Earth, have the potential to inform studies of the asteroid impact hazard and of impact mitigation. An asteroid is a rocky object in space that's smaller than a planet they're sometimes called minor planets or planetoids, according to NASA. Other sources refer to them loosely as "space debris," or leftover fragments from the formation of the solar system. There are millions of asteroids orbiting the sun, some 750,000 of which are found in the asteroid belt, a vast ring of asteroids located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Asteroids can be as large as hundreds of kilometers wide: The asteroid Ceres, sometimes referred to as a dwarf planet, is 940 km (584 miles) wide. Meteorites are usually categorized as iron or stony. As the name implies, iron meteorites are composed of about 90 percent iron; stony meteorites are made up of oxygen, iron, silicon, magnesium and other elements. The collisions of these objects with Earth are basically random events, but still we have some idea how often they happen. Localized destruction happens every couple of hundreds of years and is somewhat equivalent to a hydrogen bomb. Last such event happened in 1908 near Tunguska river in Siberia. The number of casualties depends on the place of impact (the objects of this size usually explode in the air before reaching the ground, just like an atom bomb). If a city is struck, casualties could be close to a million, while Tunguska event had zero to one reported casualty (reports vary). An impact in the ocean would create a tsunami and definitely produce significant destruction on the nearby seaside. These events usually do not leave a crater and typically involve a 100-meter asteroid or comet. This book presents the celestial phenomena of asteroids, meteoroids and meteorites, and comets. It illustrates the role that collisions with meteors, comets, and asteroids have played in the history of Earth and other planets in the solar system and examines what is being done to protect Earth from future collisions. "
Book Synopsis Legal Aspects of Planetary Defence by : Irmgard Marboe
Download or read book Legal Aspects of Planetary Defence written by Irmgard Marboe and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impacts by asteroids or comets on Earth may lead to natural disasters of catastrophic dimensions. This book addresses legal and policy aspects of ‘planetary defence’ activities by space agencies and other actors aiming at the prediction and mitigation of Near-Earth Objects (NEOs).
Book Synopsis The Asteroid Threat by : William E. Burrows
Download or read book The Asteroid Threat written by William E. Burrows and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2014-06-10 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a realistic, workable plan for defusing a potentially lethal threat from a rogue asteroid or comet. The explosion of a large meteor over Chelyabinsk, Siberia, in February 2013 is just the latest reminder that planet Earth is vulnerable to damaging and potentially catastrophic collisions with space debris of various kinds. In this informative and forward-looking book, veteran aerospace writer William E. Burrows explains what we can do in the future to avoid far more serious impacts from "Near-Earth Objects" (NEOs), as they are called in the planetary defense community. The good news is that humanity is now equipped with the advanced technology necessary to devise a long-term strategy to protect the planet. Burrows outlines the following key features of an effective planetary defense strategy: * A powerful space surveillance system capable of spotting a serious threat from space at least twenty-five years in advance * A space craft "nudge" that would throw a collision-course asteroid off target long before it poses the threat of imminent impact * A weapons system to be used as a last-ditch method to blast an NEO should all else fail. The author notes the many benefits for world stability and increasing international cooperation resulting from a united worldwide effort to protect the planet. Combining realism with an optimistic can-do attitude, Burrows shows that humanity is capable of overcoming a potentially calamitous situation.
Download or read book Looking Before We Leap written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many outstanding questions about the correct response to an asteroid or comet impact threat on Earth. Nuclear munitions are currently thought to be the most efficient method of delivering an impact-preventing impulse to a potentially hazardous object (PHO). However, there are major uncertainties about the response of PHOs to a nuclear burst, and the most appropriate ways to use nuclear munitions for hazard mitigation.
