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Aspects Of Bacterial Community Ecology Within The American Oyster Crassostrea Virginica And Surveillance Of Post Harvest Vibrio Vulnificus Occurrence
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Book Synopsis Aspects of Bacterial Community Ecology Within the American Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica), and Surveillance of Post-harvest Vibrio Vulnificus Occurrence by : Kenneth John La Valley
Download or read book Aspects of Bacterial Community Ecology Within the American Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica), and Surveillance of Post-harvest Vibrio Vulnificus Occurrence written by Kenneth John La Valley and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shellfish Safety and Quality by : Sandra E. Shumway
Download or read book Shellfish Safety and Quality written by Sandra E. Shumway and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-01-28 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shellfish are a very popular and nutritious food source worldwide and their consumption has risen dramatically. Because of their unique nature as compared to beef and poultry, shellfish have their own distinct aspects of harvest, processing and handling. Edited by leading authorities in the field, this collection of review papers discusses issues of current interest and outlines steps that can be taken by the shellfish industry to improve shellfish safety and eating quality.Opening chapters provide an overview of the key issues associated with microbial and biotoxin contamination. Parts two and three then address in more detail methods to improve molluscan shellfish and crustacean quality and safety. Chapters focus on detection of algal toxins, monitoring and mitigation of the effects of harmful algal blooms, metals and organic contaminants, biofouling, disease control and selective breeding. Part four reviews legislation, regulation, public confidence in shellfish and risk management. Chapters on post-harvest issues, such as depuration, storage and packaging complete the volume.With its distinguished editors and international team of experts, Shellfish safety and quality is an essential reference for those in the shellfish industry, managers, policymakers and academics in the field. Reviews the latest research on significant hazards such as microbial and biotoxin contamination Discusses effective management of shellfish safety and quality, including emerging methods Examines improved packaging methods
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Bacterial Communities in the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) with Emphasis on Vibrio Vulnificus Dynamics Under Refrigeration by : Raphael Ryan Wood
Download or read book Analysis of Bacterial Communities in the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) with Emphasis on Vibrio Vulnificus Dynamics Under Refrigeration written by Raphael Ryan Wood and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Low-temperature Post-harvest Processing for Reducing Vibrio Parahaemolyticus and Vibrio Vulnificus in Raw Oysters by : Minjung Chae
Download or read book Low-temperature Post-harvest Processing for Reducing Vibrio Parahaemolyticus and Vibrio Vulnificus in Raw Oysters written by Minjung Chae and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oysters are filter-feeding bivalves, which filter water for nutrients and often accumulate contaminants and human pathogens such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus naturally occurring in the marine environment. These naturally occurring pathogens have been frequently isolated from raw shellfish, particularly oyster, in the United States and are recognized as the leading causes of human gastroenteritis associated with seafood consumption. Human illness caused by consumption of raw oyster contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus typically results in reduced sales of oysters and a consequent significant financial burden for the producers. The United States produces more than 27 million pounds of oysters each year with a large portion of them being produced from the coastal water of the Gulf of Mexico. It is estimated that 20 million Americans eat raw shellfish and consumption of raw oyster is responsible for about 95% of all deaths associated with seafood consumption in the U.S., making raw oysters one of the most hazardous seafoods. Several post-harvest processes, including low temperature pasteurization, freezing, high pressure processing and irradiation, have been reported capable of reducing Vibrio contamination in raw oysters. However, most of them require either a significant amount of initial investment or operation costs, and oysters are often killed during processing. Cost-effective post-harvest processing for reducing V. parahaemolyticus in raw oysters without significant adverse effects on the oysters remains to be developed. This study was conducted to determine impacts of low-temperature (15, 10 and 5°C) depuration and frozen storage on reducing V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in raw oysters. Depuration of the Gulf oyster (Crassostrea virginica) with electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water (chlorine, 30 ppm; pH 2.82; oxidation-reduction potential, 1,131mV) containing 3% NaCl was found ineffective on reducing both V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in the oysters. Reductions of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in oyster after 48 h of EO water depuration at 22°C were limited to 0.7 and 1.4 log MPN/g, respectively. Depuration with EO water at lower temperatures did not enhance reductions of Vibrio in the oysters. Greater reductions of V. parahaemolyticus (1.2 log MPN/g) and V. vulnificus (2.0 log MPN/g) were observed when the oysters were depurated with artificial seawater (ASW) at room temperature (22°C) for 48 h. Decreasing temperature of ASW to 15°C for depuration significantly increased the reductions of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus to 2.1 and 2.9 log MPN/g, respectively, after 48 h of process. However, depuration of oyster in ASW at 10 and 5°C were found less effective than at 15°C in reducing Vibrio in the Gulf oysters. An extended depuration with ASW at 15°C for 96 h was capable of achieving 2.6 and 3.3 log MPN/g of reductions of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, respectively, in the Gulf oysters. Study of effects of frozen storage at -10, -23 and -30°C on reducing V. parahaemolyticus in raw half-shell Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) found that the population of the bacterium decreased faster in oysters stored at -10 than at -23 or -30°C. Holding half-shell Pacific oyster at -10°C for three months or at -23°C for four months was capable of achieving a greater than 3-log (MPN/g) reduction of V. parahaemolyticus in the Pacific oyster.
Book Synopsis The Larval American Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica by : Ralph Arthur Elston
Download or read book The Larval American Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica written by Ralph Arthur Elston and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seasonal Occurrence of Virulent Vibrio Vulnificus Strains in Apalachicola Bay Oysters and the Effect of New Post-harvest Refrigeration Criteria by : Dongjin Shin
Download or read book Seasonal Occurrence of Virulent Vibrio Vulnificus Strains in Apalachicola Bay Oysters and the Effect of New Post-harvest Refrigeration Criteria written by Dongjin Shin and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Two Post-harvest Treatments for the Reduction of Vibrio Vulnificus and Vibrio Parahaemolyticus in Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica) by : Kevin Patrick Melody
Download or read book Two Post-harvest Treatments for the Reduction of Vibrio Vulnificus and Vibrio Parahaemolyticus in Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica) written by Kevin Patrick Melody and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Survival Differences of Vibrio Vulnificus and Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Strains in Shellstock Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica) from Harvest to Sale by : Violeta Pardío-Sedas
Download or read book Survival Differences of Vibrio Vulnificus and Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Strains in Shellstock Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica) from Harvest to Sale written by Violeta Pard√≠o-Sedas and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As there is limited information on the risk for consuming market oysters contaminated with V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus, the aim of this study was to estimate the risk associated with raw oyster consumption affected by contamination levels and temperature during postharvest and transportation. To evaluate the effect of the temperature during transportation from the Mandinga Lagoon to Mexico City on the growth of V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus, a modified Gompertz model was fitted at ambient temperatures of 20.1, 25.6, and 24.4¬∞C for 22¬†h in windy, dry, and rainy seasons, respectively. The risk was calculated using FDA/FAO/WHOv.2005 software. Results showed that the mean risk (cases per 100,000 servings) of a person acquiring V. vulnificus vvha+/cvgC infection by consuming raw oysters was 2.9 √ó 10,àí6, 4.7 √ó 10,àí6, and 4.3 √ó 10,àí6 during windy, dry, and rainy seasons, respectively. Risk for consuming oysters during windy season at-harvest contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus tdh+ was 8 √ó 10,àí6 and 7.8 √ó 10,àí7 for consuming oysters at-market during rainy season contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus tdh+ and trh+. These results suggest that maintaining temperatures above 20¬∞C during oyster storage and transportation increases the risk of infections by pathogenic strains. The results provide a benchmark information to establish strategies to improve public health.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Interaction Between the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) and Vibrio Vulnificus During Uptake and Depuration Using a Transposon Mutant of Vibrio Vulnificus by : Trudi Nan Groubert
Download or read book Evaluation of the Interaction Between the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) and Vibrio Vulnificus During Uptake and Depuration Using a Transposon Mutant of Vibrio Vulnificus written by Trudi Nan Groubert and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Microbiome of the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica (gmelin, 1791): Temporal and Spatial Variation, Environmental Influences, and Its Impact on Host Physiology by : Melissa L Pierce
Download or read book The Microbiome of the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica (gmelin, 1791): Temporal and Spatial Variation, Environmental Influences, and Its Impact on Host Physiology written by Melissa L Pierce and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prokaryotic communities are ubiquitous in every environment on earth. In the oceans they are integral to a number of biogeochemical processes and form the base of marine food webs. Microbes have also coevolved with eukaryotes, aiding in a variety of host functions including digestion and nutrient absorption, development of the immune system, and protection against pathogens. The disruption of these microbial communities, especially in the gut, has been linked to altered health statuses and physiological functions in a range of hosts. The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791), is a valuable economic and ecological resource in near-shore environments. As a result of their suspension-feeding activities, oyster tissues are in constant contact with bacteria in the water column. Considering such interactions, and the value of oysters to ecosystem functioning, the relationships of oysters and their associated microbial communities are surprisingly poorly understood. As such, the temporal and spatial distribution of the oyster microbiome within Long Island Sound was evaluated, as well as the role of environmental reservoirs of bacterial communities, both free-living and particle-associated. The oyster-associated gut microbiome was also compared to that of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758. Finally, the role of these bacterial communities in oyster digestive activity and pathogen accumulation was assessed. Major results indicate that oysters maintain similar microbial communities over time and space which are largely influenced by seawater temperature. Both genetic and functional diversity of the oyster-associated microbial communities decreased in the winter, as did environmental microbial communities. The stability of these communities across spatial scales may be due to oyster genetic factors, and the high gene flow in Long Island Sound. Oysters maintained a common community of microbes, or â€core,†in their gut throughout the summer and fall. This core gut microbiome was also shared with mussels. In contrast to oysters, however, mussels maintained gut microbiomes which did not experience a decrease in functional diversity in winter months. This functional stability is likely due to the higher feeding activity of mussels in the winter compared to oysters. In individual microcosm experiments, a disturbance of the gut microbiota by antibiotics resulted in variable impacts on oyster physiological enantiostasis. Digestive enzyme activity and absorption efficiency showed few significant differences between antibiotic treated and control groups. When challenged with the pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus, however, an advantage was seen in depuration of pathogens for those oysters which did not have a microbiome disturbed by antibiotics. Stability of digestive activity may be due to functional redundancy in the gut microbial community, the continued contribution of enzymes from lysed cells, and horizontal transfer of metabolic genes. Extended experiments with more time points, as well as repeated challenges, would help to further elucidate the role of oyster-associated microbial communities to the overall physiological functioning of the host. This research provides a vital baseline for future research aimed at understanding the role gut microbes have in oyster physiology.
Book Synopsis Molluscan Shellfish Safety by : Gilbert Sauvé
Download or read book Molluscan Shellfish Safety written by Gilbert Sauvé and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a time of rapid climatic, industrial and technological changes in molluscan shellfish producing and exporting regions, it is of the utmost importance to keep a keen eye on developing trends. This collection of recent research in molluscan shellfish safety, risk assessment, risk management, regulation and analytical methods presented at the 8th ICMSS (International Conference on Molluscan Shellfish Safety) offers valuable insights in the latest scientific findings. Dans le contexte actuel de changements climatiques, industriels et technologiques rapides dans les régions qui produisent et qui exportent des mollusques, il est essentiel de rester à l’affût des nouvelles tendances. Ce recueil des récents travaux de recherche dans les domaines de la salubrité des mollusques, des évaluations des risques, de la gestion des risques, de la réglementation et des méthodes d’analyse présentés lors de la 8e Conférence internationale sur la salubrité des coquillages (ICMSS) vous aidera à le faire.
Book Synopsis The Ecology of the American Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin), in Lake Borgne, Louisiana by : Mary Elizabeth Mysing-Gubala
Download or read book The Ecology of the American Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin), in Lake Borgne, Louisiana written by Mary Elizabeth Mysing-Gubala and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Salinity on in Vitro Phagocytosis of the Marine Bacterium, Vibrio Vulnificus, by Hemocytes from the American Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica by : James Keith Jackson
Download or read book Effects of Salinity on in Vitro Phagocytosis of the Marine Bacterium, Vibrio Vulnificus, by Hemocytes from the American Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica written by James Keith Jackson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seafood Safety by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Seafood Safety written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can Americans continue to add more seafood to their diets without fear of illness or even death? Seafood-caused health problems are not widespread, but consumers are at risk from seafood-borne microbes and toxinsâ€"with consequences that can range from mild enteritis to fatal illness. At a time when legislators and consumer groups are seeking a sound regulatory approach, Seafood Safety presents a comprehensive set of practical recommendations for ensuring the safety of the seafood supply. This volume presents the first-ever overview of the field, covering seafood consumption patterns, where and how seafood contamination occurs, and the effectiveness of regulation. A wealth of technical information is presented on the sources of contaminationâ€"microbes, natural toxins, and chemical pollutantsâ€"and their effects on human health. The volume evaluates methods used for risk assessment and inspection sampling.
Book Synopsis Depuration as a Method to Reduce Vibrio Vulnificus Populations in Live Crassostrea Virginica Oysters by : Oleksandr S. Tokarskyy
Download or read book Depuration as a Method to Reduce Vibrio Vulnificus Populations in Live Crassostrea Virginica Oysters written by Oleksandr S. Tokarskyy and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vibrio vulnificus is a foodborne bacterial pathogen associated with raw oyster consumption. Shellfish depuration for 48 hours is a dynamic process where coliform bacteria are purged; however, this process is ineffective against V. vulnificus. The current study investigated the use of prolonged two-week depuration on V. vulnificus populations in Gulf Coast oysters. The study evaluated the impact of prolonged depuration on V. vulnificus fatty acid profile change and the ability to survive in simulated gastric fluid. Oyster depuration in seawater (10 or 22oC, 14 days) reduced V. vulnificus counts, but not to non-detectable level, indicating close ecological relationship between the pathogen and mollusk. Greatest V. vulnificus count reductions were seen in 12 ppt 10°C seawater (2.7 log10 CFU/g) and in 20 ppt 22°C seawater (2.8 logs). Mesophilic vibrios dominated the overall microflora of freshly harvested oysters, while refrigeration selected for psychrotrophic bacteria. Depuration at 22°C retained dominance of mesophilic vibrios, including pathogenic species. Although aerobic plate counts were lower in 22°C depurated oysters (5.0 logs vs 6.0 logs), depuration at 10°C had little to no advantage over 22°C in terms of vibrio population reduction. Use of prolonged depuration remains economically questionable since this method failed to completely eliminate V. vulnificus. Starved V. vulnificus behavior in artificial seawater showed that low temperature (4oC) and high seawater salinity (35 ppt) contributed to pathogen population reduction. Starved V. vulnificus did not adjust membrane fluidity to storage temperature within the investigated time frame. However, a significant fatty acid switch from C18:1w7c to C18:1w6c by double bond relocation was observed. The relocation was faster at ambient temperatures compared to refrigerated temperatures. The majority of V. vulnificus foodborne infections occur during warm summer months. Vibrio vulnificus ATCC 27562 was significantly less resistant (3.7 min D-value) to simulated gastric fluid (pH 4.0) after 7-day storage at 4oC compared to the control (7.8 min D-value). Therefore, greater gastric fluid sensitivity of the pathogen may occur in winter-harvested oysters and may partially explain the low number of winter outbreaks.
Book Synopsis Population Biology, Ecology, and Ecosystem Contributions of the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) from Natural and Artificial Habitats in Tampa Bay, Florida by : Michael Drexler
Download or read book Population Biology, Ecology, and Ecosystem Contributions of the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) from Natural and Artificial Habitats in Tampa Bay, Florida written by Michael Drexler and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project was to document the status of oysters, Crassostrea virginica, from non-reef habitats throughout Tampa Bay, Florida, and assess the ecosystem contributions of those populations relative to reef-dwelling oysters. The aspects of oyster ecology studied here include condition, prevalence and intensity of disease (Perkinsus marinus - dermo), reproductive activity (including stage, fecundity, and juvenile recruitment), adult oyster density, and the faunal community associated with the oysters. The predominant source of variation was seasonal, with lesser contributions among sites, and in most cases, little or no effect of the habitat type. Oysters populations from each habitat recruit juvenile oysters, produce mature individuals, and contribute viable gametes at the same magnitude with similar seasonality. The associated faunal communities were also largely similar between habitats at any given site. Measures of oyster density, combined with estimates of the total available habitat, suggest that natural oyster reefs may represent only a small portion of the total oyster community in Tampa Bay, while oysters associated with mangrove habitats and seawalls are probably the most abundant in the bay. Additional mapping and quantification of these habitats would help to define their bay-wide ecosystem-services value. Restoration projects, though small in size relative to other habitats, do provide alternative and additional habitat with comparable value to other oyster-bearing habitats.
