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Download or read book Ash and Pulverized Coal Deposition in Combustors and Gasifiers. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1-December 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ash & Pulverized Coal Deposition in Combustors & Gasifiers, Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1, 1995-December 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ash and Pulverized Coal Deposition in Combustors and Gasifiers. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1-September 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ash & Pulverized Coal Deposition in Combustors & Gasifiers. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1995-June 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 806 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1-December 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough understanding of the fundamental processes which govern the mineral behavior is essential to the development of tools to predict and manage ash deposition. The purpose of the current project is to perform a fundamental study of mineral transformations and ash deposition during staged combustion of pulverized coal. Staging of combustion air is a strategy used to reduce NO(subscript x) emissions from coal-fired units. It is applicable to both advanced combustion systems currently under development (e.g. HITAF) and low NO(subscript x) retrofits for existing units. These low NO(subscript x) combustion strategies produce fuel rich or reducing conditions in the lower furnace. Therefore, the combustion history of the coal particles is significantly changed from that experienced under normal combustion conditions. A carefully designed experimental study is needed to examine the effects of altered combustion conditions on mineral matter release, fly ash formation, particle stickiness and deposit formation. This project uses state-of-the-art analytical equipment and a well-characterized laboratory combustor to address this need. This report describes work in the initial quarter of a fundamental, three-year study of mineral transformations and ash deposition during staged combustion.
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Total Pages : 1692 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Fundamental Study of Ash Formation and Deposition written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technical objectives of this project are: (a) To identify the partitioning of inorganic coal constituents among vapor, submicron fume, and fly ash products generated during the combustion of pulverized coal under a variety of combustion conditions. Fuel lean and fuel rich combustion conditions will be considered. (b) To identify and quantify the fundamental processes by which the transformations of minerals and organically-associated inorganic species occur. Emphasis will be placed on identifying any changes that occur as a result of combustion under sub-stoichiometric combustion conditions. (c) To incorporate the effects of combustion stoichiometry into an Engineering Model for Ash Formation based upon the understanding developed in (a) and (b). When completed, this model will predict the particle size and chemical composition distributions of ash formed during the combustion of pulverized coal under a broad range of conditions. The work discussed in this report highlights the accomplishments of the seventh quarter of this two year project. This includes University of Arizona efforts to minimize periodicity in the coal feeder for the drop tube furnace, and MIT efforts to calculate the concentrations of CO, CO2, and O2 surrounding a burning char particle. In Section 3, the use of a pulsed gas flow to maintain a smooth coal feed to the drop tube furnace is discussed. Addition of pulsing action, driven by a peristaltic pump, has eliminated the coal feeder pluggage problems that had been occurring. In Section 4, the development of a single particle char combustion model by MIT is discussed. The model is then used for calculating oxygen, CO, and CO2 concentrations on the char particle surface as a function of char particle diameter. This information can then be used to interpret results of ash formation experiments conducted as a function of particle size and combustion stoichiometric ratio.
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Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Suppression of Fine Ash Formation in Pulverized Coal Flames. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 5, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory work and studies of full-scale coal-fired boilers have identified two general mechanisms for ash production. The vast majority of the ash is formed from mineral matter that coalesces as the char burns, yielding particles that are normally larger than 0.5[mu]m. Flagen and Friedlander proposed a simple model for this residual ash, called the breakup model. The second major mechanism is the generation of a submicron aerosol through a vaporization/condensation mechanism. When the ash size distribution is plotted in terms of number density, the submicron mode generally peaks at about 0.1 [mu]/m. When plotted in terms of mass, this mode is sometimes distinct from the residual ash mode, 13 and sometimes merged into it. Although these particles represent a relatively small fraction of the mass, they can present a large fraction of the surface area. Thus, they are a preferred site for the condensation of the more volatile oxides later in the furnace. This leads to a layering effect in which the refractory oxides are concentrated at the particle core and the more volatile oxides reside at the surface. This also explains the enrichment of the aerosol by volatile oxides that has been noted in samples from practical furnaces. These volatile metal oxides include the majority of the toxic metal contaminants, e.g., mercury, arsenic, selenium and nickel. Risk assessment studies suggest that toxic metal emissions represent a significant portion of the health risk associated with combustion.
Download or read book Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion, Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1, 1995-December 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Fundamental Study of Ash Formation and Deposition written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technical objectives of this project are: (a) to identify the partitioning of inorganic coal constituents among vapor, submicron fume, and fly ash products generated during the combustion of pulverized coal under a variety of combustion conditions. Fuel lean and fuel rich combustion conditions will be considered. (b) To identify and quantify the fundamental processes by which the transformations of minerals and organically-associated inorganic species occurs. Emphasis will be placed on identifying any changes that occur as a result of combustion under substoichiometric combustion conditions. (c) To incorporate the effects of combustion stoichiometry into an Engineering Model for Ash Formation based upon the understanding developed in (a) and (b). When completed, this model will predict the particle size and chemical composition distributions of ash formed during the combustion of pulverized coal under a broad range of conditions.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Suppression of Fine Ash Formation in Pulverized Coal Flames. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 2, January 1, 1993--March 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second major ash producing mechanism is the generation of a submicron aerosol through a vaporization/condensation mechanism. When the ash size distribution is plotted in terms of number density, the submicron mode generally peaks at about 0. 1 [mu]m. When plotted in terms of mass, this mode is sometimes distinct from the residual ash mode, and sometimes merged into it. During diffusion-limited char combustion, the interior of the particle becomes hot and fuel-rich. The non-volatile oxides (e.g., Al2O3, SiO2, MgO, CaO, Fe2O3) can be reduced to more volatile suboxides and elements, and partially vaporized. These reoxidize while passing through the boundary layer surrounding the char particle, thus becoming so highly supersaturated that rapid homogeneous nucleation occurs. This high nuclei concentration in the boundary layer promotes more extensive coagulation than would occur if the nuclei were uniformly distributed across the flow field. The vaporization can be accelerated by the overshoot of the char temperature beyond the local gas temperature. Although these particles represent a relatively small fraction of the mass, they can present a large fraction of the surface area. Thus, they are a preferred site for the condensation of the more volatile oxides later in the furnace. This leads to a layering effect in which the refractory oxides are concentrated at the particle core and the more volatile oxides resideat the surface. This also explains the enrichment of the aerosol by volatile oxides that has been noted in samples from practical furnaces. These volatile metal oxides include the majority of the toxic metal contaminants, e.g., mercury, arsenic, selenium and nickel. Risk assessment studies suggest that toxic metal emissions represent a significant portion of the health risk associated with combustion systems.
Download or read book Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1- September 30, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Char Particle Fragmentation and Its Effect on Unburned Carbon During Pulverized Coal Combustion. Quarterly Report, October 1-December 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Suppression of Fine Ash Formation in Pulverized Coal Flames. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 3, April 1, 1993--June 30, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major obstacles to the economical use of coal is managing the behavior of its mineral matter. Ash size and composition are of critical importance for a variety of reasons. Fly ash size and emissivity affect radiant furnace heat transfer. Heat transfer is also affected by the tendency of ash to adhere to heat transfer surfaces, and the properties of these deposits. Removal of ash from flue gas by electrostatic precipitators is influenced by both particle size and particle resistivity. The efficiency of fabric filter-based cleaning devices is also influenced by ash size. Both types of devices have reduced collection efficiencies for smaller-sized particles, which corresponds to the size most efficiently retained in the alveolar region of the human lung. Laboratory work and studies of full-scale coal-fired boilers have identified two general mechanisms for ash production. The vast majority of the ash is formed from mineral matter that coalesces as the char burns, yielding particles that are normally larger than 0.5 [mu]m. The second major mechanism is the generation of a submicron aerosol through a vaporization/condensation mechanism. Although these particles represent a relatively small fraction of the mass, they can present a large fraction of the surface area. Thus, they are a preferred site for the condensation of the more volatile oxides later in the furnace. This leads to a layering effect in which the refractory oxides are concentrated at the particle core and the more volatile oxides reside at the surface. This also explains the enrichment of the aerosol by volatile oxides that has been noted in samples from practical furnaces. These volatile metal oxides include the majority of the toxic metal contaminants, e.g., mercury, arsenic, selenium and nickel. Risk assessment studies suggest that toxic metal emissions represent a significant portion of the health risk associated with combustion.
